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This study uses a feminist literary criticism approach to analyze Ferena Debivena's short story “The Woman Who Bears the Shadow.”  To investigate the type of gender inequality experienced by Lara, the main character, this research focuses on three schools of feminism: marxist, social, and liberal.  The research used a descriptive qualitative approach, which involved text analysis of the symbolism and narrative structure of the story. The results show that Lara is portrayed as a woman who faces social and emotional challenges due to economic pressure and patriarchal domination.  In addition, the short story criticizes forced marriage and educational injustice for women.  Despite the strength of its theme, this short story can still be improved by the elements of deepening supporting characters, a clear plot, and strengthening the climax.  Therefore, it shows the social reality and serves as a medium to criticize the system that oppresses women.

This study aims to describe the dynamics of school leadership at a primary school affected by limited leadership experience and health-related constraints. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and in-depth interviews with several teachers, the findings reveal that the principal adopts a situational leadership style characterized by flexible and delegative practices. The principal places significant trust in senior teachers to carry out daily operational functions and decision-making processes. While this strategy fosters teacher autonomy and ensures the continuity of school activities, it also reveals weaknesses in supervision, quality control, and the symbolic presence of leadership. The lack of direct supervision results in unclear performance evaluations and weak program coordination. The study concludes that the effectiveness of situational leadership relies heavily on the strength of interpersonal relationships among staff and the existence of supportive internal systems. It is recommended that the principal strengthen the management team and establish a more structured communication system to sustain leadership quality and educational standards.

Mosques not only function as places of worship, but also have great potential to become centers of community development. This research examines the potential of the Jammi Daruss Saadah Mosque-the oldest mosque in Tebing Tinggi Sub-district, Empat Lawang Regency-in shaping the social, educational, spiritual and economic space of the local community. This research uses a qualitative approach with structured interview methods and participatory observation and is supported by an ethnographic approach to communication to understand the dynamics of social interactions that occur in the mosque environment. The results showed that this mosque has become the main forum for various community activities such as routine recitation, Al-Qur'an learning classes for children, and economic activities in the form of sacrificial animal farms managed by the mosque management. The mosque plays a role as a driver of improving the quality of religion and community welfare, as well as a symbol of the resilience of local Islamic identity since before independence until now. This finding emphasizes the importance of strengthening the function of the mosque as a social institution that is adaptive to the needs of the times. Mosques not only play a role in the spiritual realm, but also become strategic agents of community empowerment. This research recommends the need to strengthen mosque institutional governance and program innovation based on community participation so that the role of mosques can be optimized in responding to contemporary social challenges.

Mosques have an important role in the lives of Muslims, not only as places of worship, but also as centers of social, cultural, and educational activities. This research reveals the history of the establishment of the Taqwa Mosque in Seri Tanjung Village, Tanjung Batu District, Ogan Ilir Regency, as well as the important role of Manda Haji Bun Yamin as a local figure in the process of building the mosque. Using historical and sociological approaches, this study shows that the mosque not only reflects the spiritual development of the community, but also symbolizes unity and independence in building religious facilities independently. The results found that Manda Haji Bun Yamin had a strong religious and social vision, reflected in his initiative to build a permanent two-story mosque that would later become the center of community activities. The Taqwa Mosque is not only a place of worship, but also plays a role in religious education, distribution of social assistance, preservation of traditions, and strengthening the value of tolerance between religious communities. This research emphasizes the importance of exploring and documenting local history as part of the cultural heritage and identity of the local Muslim community.

This study aims to determine what types of traditional accessories are worn by Batak Toba brides and grooms during weddings and pre-weddings and to determine the aesthetic value and symbolic meaning of each accessory. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The techniques used in data collection are library studies, observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out by data tabulation, data triangulation, and data interpretation, as well as drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the study, the traditional accessories worn by Batak Toba brides have various types, and the form or style of use depends on the region. Each traditional accessory has an aesthetic value that can be seen from its physical form that can be sensed, such as its unique and attractive shape, color and shape. Each traditional Batak Toba accessory also contains a symbolic meaning that symbolizes prayer, and the hopes of the family and bride in starting a new life.

This research aims to explore the role of social media in Indonesia's digital democracy, by highlighting the tension between its function as a tool of hegemony or a means of emancipation. The background of this study is the increasing use of social media by political actors and civil society in voicing, shaping or criticizing public narratives ahead of the 2024 elections. This study uses a critical qualitative approach with a descriptive study design, and applies the Critical Discourse Analysis method and netnographic observation of political content on three main platforms: Twitter, TikTok, and Instagram. Data was collected through literature studies, digital documentation, and observation of user interactions in digital political campaigns. The results show that the digital space is dominated by hegemonic actors such as political elites, partisan buzzers, and platform algorithms that reinforce certain narratives. However, there are also spaces of emancipation formed by digital communities and independent content creators who use social media as a means of political education and symbolic resistance. Counter-narratives that emerge tend to be temporary and are often limited by distribution and visibility controls. These findings have important implications for the development of more critical and participatory digital literacy policies. In addition, this study contributes to the enrichment of critical communication theory, by affirming the importance of viewing social media as a complex pedagogical and ideological field in contemporary democratic practice.

This study aims to analyze the song “Bayar Bayar Bayar” using the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach based on Teun A. van Dijk’s model. The song was selected due to its explicit criticism of corruption and abuse of power within the Indonesian police institution. The analysis covers three main dimensions in Van Dijk’s theory: discourse structure (macrostructure, superstructure, and microstructure), social cognition, and social context. The analysis reveals that thematically, the song represents the collective experience of society in facing bureaucratic injustice, particularly in the form of illegal levies by the authorities. Its repetitive and straightforward superstructure strengthens the main message. At the microstructural level, the use of direct language, punk-styled stylistics, and the rhetorical repetition of “bayar polisi” (pay the police) create a provocative effect and reinforce the social critique being delivered. In terms of social cognition, the song reflects the public's mental model of the police as an institution that perpetuates social inequality rather than acting as a neutral protector. From a social context perspective, the song emerges from the reality of unequal power relations between citizens and authorities, serving as a symbolic form of resistance against hegemonic power structures. “Bayar Bayar Bayar” is thus not only a musical work but also an ideological expression with critical discourse value in advocating for social justice.  

In this have a look at, a new mathematical model for FDAE-based smart manage systems is proposed. The model carries fractional derivatives blended with algebraic constraints to symbolize prolonged memory results. We describe a numerical method to solve the proposed device and practice this version to robotics, self-reliant cars, and sensible prosthetics. The Fractional Collocation Method is employed to resolve FDAEs, making sure accuracy and balance. To validate the proposed method, we introduce 3 examples: a simple FDAE demonstrating the accuracy of the numerical solution, a device of FDAEs modeling interdependent dynamic variables with algebraic constraints, and an FDAE with a nonlinear algebraic constraint, highlighting the approach's capability to handle complicated, nonlinear dynamics. Simulation results verify that FDAEs offer a more practical and powerful tool for designing and reading wise manage systems as compared to classical techniques.

This article explores the meaning of millennials in Revelation 20:1–6 through the lens of amillennialism within the framework of Reformed theology. The millennium—the thousand-year period of Christ's reign—is a central issue in Christian eschatological discussions, giving rise to three main views: premillennialism, postmillennialism, and amillennialism. Using historical-theological hermeneutics as well as the study of literature, this paper examines the symbolic meaning of the book of Revelation and how it has been interpreted throughout the history of the church. The amillennial approach interprets that Christ has reigned spiritually since His resurrection through His presence in the church, and that the millennium is not a literal period in the future, but rather describes the present era of the church. This understanding rejects the view of a literal thousand-year kingdom and focuses on Christ's ongoing work on the world. Therefore, the proper interpretation of millennials influences.

This article explores the contextualisation of Christianity within Chinese culture by examining how Christian worship can embrace local wisdom and cultural values. Contextualisation plays a crucial role in ensuring that the expression of Christian faith remains both theologically sound and cul-turally resonant. In the Chinese context, where ancestral reverence, symbolic traditions, and fami-ly-centered values are deeply embedded, a sensitive and thoughtful approach is required. The study employs a qualitative method through a literature review of theological writings, historical records, and cultural analyses to investigate how Christian theology can engage meaningfully with Chinese traditions. The findings reveal that certain cultural elements—such as ancestor honour, which is central to filial piety; the colour red, symbolising prosperity and joy; and the collectivist view of family—can be reinterpreted within a Christian framework. Ancestor honour, for instance, can be seen not as idol worship but as a celebration of faith heritage and family lineage. The use of tradi-tional music, symbols, and festivals such as Chinese New Year in church services demonstrates that cultural integration is possible without compromising the gospel's core message.Moreover, the emphasis on harmony and extended family in Chinese society parallels the Christian concept of koinonia, or spiritual fellowship. By embracing these cultural values, churches in China can present the Christian faith in ways that are both biblically faithful and culturally meaningful. This research underscores the importance of contextual theology in nurturing indigenous expressions of Chris-tianity that honor both Christ and culture.

This study examines the use of language registers in the kretek cigarette home industry environment in Sampang Village, Cilacap Regency. Using a qualitative descriptive approach with the method of communication ethnography, this study aims to describe the form, meaning, and socio-cultural function of the typical terms used by workers in cigarette production activities. Data were obtained through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation of linguistic artifacts. The results of the study indicate the existence of a typical vocabulary that reflects social identity, efficiency of work communication, and preservation of local culture. Terms such as klobot, mbako srinthil, tingwek, and ngeses are symbols of the social and cultural structure of the work community. This register not only has a literal meaning but also symbolic and contextual, and functions as an expressive, evaluative, and cultural preservation tool. These findings are relevant in the development of language variation teaching materials and strengthening the profile of students with cultural diversity characteristics.

Fairy tales are an important part of oral literature that reflects the cultural values and local wisdom of the community that supports them. This study aims to explore the values and meanings of local wisdom in the fairy tale "Mentiko Batuah" , a folk tale from Aceh that is rich in moral messages and cultural symbolism. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a hermeneutic approach and content analysis. Data were collected through literature and documentation studies, then analyzed to reveal the cultural messages contained in the narrative structure, characters, conflicts, and symbols in the story. The results of the study show that "Mentiko Batuah" contains various local wisdom values, such as honesty, responsibility, justice, and criticism of greed and betrayal. This story also functions as a medium for character formation and strengthening the cultural identity of the Acehnese people. Thus, this fairy tale not only acts as a means of entertainment, but also as an educational instrument that has relevance in the context of cultural and moral learning. This research is expected to be a contribution to the preservation of oral literature and the development of local cultural literacy studies in Indonesia.

Mahr in Islamic marriage plays a significant role as a symbol of commitment, respect, and protection of women's rights. This study aims to analyze the urgency of mahr in Islamic marriage, from the perspectives of Islamic law, the responsibilities of men, and the protection of women. Using a literature review approach, this research explores relevant literature on mahr in the context of Islamic law, hadith, and the views of scholars regarding the meaning and purpose of mahr. The results show that mahr is not only a financial obligation but also a deep form of respect and commitment between partners. However, in contemporary social practices, there are deviations in the understanding of mahr, which is often viewed as a status symbol or materialistic transaction. This study concludes that to maintain the values of Islam in marriage, the understanding of mahr must return to the essence taught by Islam, which is as a form of responsibility, simplicity, and respect for women.

The phenomenon of flexing, or showcasing achievements and lifestyle excessively on social media, has become an increasingly common trend among Generation Z. This study explores the relationship between self-esteem and flexing behavior, along with its impact on identity formation and mental health. Individuals with high self-esteem tend to share their accomplishments as a form of self-appreciation. However, without adequate emotional awareness and self-regulation, this behavior can escalate into narcissism and a dependence on external validation. Generation Z utilizes social media, especially Instagram, as a medium for self-expression, identity construction, and social recognition. In the context of jogging activities, posts on social media are not merely for showing off but serve as personal documentation, motivation, and inspiration for others. Jogging is not only viewed as a physical activity but also as a part of modern lifestyle and status symbol, often displayed through branded sportswear, smart devices, and aesthetic locations. Nevertheless, social pressure to maintain a certain image through social media can lead to psychological impacts such as identity crises, insecurity, and social stress. Previous research indicates that flexing behavior is driven by a desire for recognition, feelings of insecurity, obsession with others' possessions, and social pressure. Despite its negative sides, flexing also has potential positive effects, such as enhancing motivation to exercise, promoting healthy lifestyles, and strengthening supportive digital communities. Regular jogging has been proven to improve mental and physical health, including reducing anxiety and improving mood. Therefore, a healthy self-concept, emotional intelligence, and digital literacy are crucial for fostering responsible social media behavior. Generation Z must be equipped with critical awareness to distinguish between authentic self-expression and the illusion of recognition in today’s visually driven digital era.

This study aims to reconstruct the narrative of the establishment and struggle of the Aliansi Dosen ASN Kemdiktisaintek Seluruh Indonesia (ADAKSI), a collective movement advocating for the welfare of civil servant lecturers (ASN), particularly concerning the delayed disbursement of performance allowances (tukin). Using a narrative inquiry approach, this research traces digital records and real-world actions taken by ASN lecturers across Indonesia, including a symbolic flower board protest in January 2025, an audience with the Minister of Higher Education, Science, and Technology, and the organization of the first National Congress (MUNAS I ADAKSI) in May 2025. These narratives are analyzed as expressions of shared grievances, solidarity, and the formation of a collective identity among ASN lecturers who have long lacked institutional representation through official bodies like KORPRI. The findings reveal that ADAKSI functions not only as an advocacy platform for welfare but also as a socio-professional movement driven by intellectual ethics in demanding structural justice. Its actions, demands, and outcomes from MUNAS I mark a significant transition from fragmented protests to an organized national consolidation. The study recommends that policymakers create more inclusive spaces for dialogue with ASN lecturers and formally recognize independent professional organizations as strategic partners in the reform of Indonesia’s higher education system.

This study aims to reveal how symbolic interaction between principals and teachers is interpreted as a social strategy in improving the employability of vocational high school students, especially in the Mechanical Engineering Expertise Competence. Using a qualitative case study approach, the research population was conducted at the Center of Excellence Vocational High Schools in Pasuruan Regency/City, while the sample was 4 vocational high schools that have mechanical engineering expertise competencies. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that the symbolic interaction that occurs is not only verbal communication, but also reflects shared values, expectations, and visions in preparing graduates who are adaptive to the world of work. The principal builds meaning through symbols of consistent leadership actions, such as involving teachers in strategic decision-making and instilling an industrial work culture. Teachers, on the other hand, respond to these symbols with more contextual and work-oriented learning practices. This interaction forms a productive school habitus that is the basis for improving student employability

This study aims to examine the role of baju bodo as a symbol of the cultural identity of the Bugis-Makassar community and its preservation efforts in the modern era. Baju bodo is one of the oldest traditional clothes in Indonesia that has high historical, symbolic, and philosophical value. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and literature studies. The results of the study indicate that baju bodo not only functions as a body cover, but also represents social status, local aesthetic values, and cultural wisdom that is passed down from generation to generation. The transformation of the design, color, and material of baju bodo is an adaptive strategy to remain relevant amidst the development of the times without eliminating its traditional meaning. This innovation allows baju bodo to be used in modern contexts such as formal events, education, and fashion shows. This study emphasizes the importance of collaboration between cultural communities, government, and local designers to maintain the sustainability of cultural heritage. Thus, baju bodo remains a symbol of the Bugis-Makassar cultural identity that is alive, developing, and proud in the modern era

Name: Trini Dama Yanti. Student ID: 20030041. This thesis discusses the analysis of singing methods in early childhood language development at RA As-Syarif, Sibanggor Jae village. The research aims to determine (1) the language development of early childhood at RA As-Syarif and (2) the effectiveness of the singing method in supporting language development. This qualitative study employs a descriptive approach, describing data processing results through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed in three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate significant progress in children's language development at RA As-Syarif, particularly in symbolic and complex language use. The singing method has proven effective in enhancing vocabulary, speaking skills, and children's confidence. This research concludes that the singing method creates a fun learning environment that supports early childhood language development.

This study aims to examine the existence of the title "Andi" in the context of social stratification of Bugis society and its relevance in the modern era. The title Andi is a symbol of nobility that has been passed down from generation to generation and has an important role in the traditional social structure of the Bugis. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach, this study explores the symbolic meaning of the title, its influence on social interactions, perceptions of it in contemporary marriage practices, differences in views between generations, and strategies for preserving it amidst the current of modernization. The results of the study show that although traditional values are beginning to shift, the title Andi still has a strong social and cultural meaning for most Bugis people. The older generation tends to maintain the values of honor and status attached to the title, while the younger generation shows a more flexible tendency in interpreting the symbol. This study recommends preservation efforts based on cultural education, integration of local values in education, and strengthening identity through digital media. These findings show that the title Andi is not merely a symbolic identity, but also an important part of cultural heritage that can transform over time without losing its essence.    

Digital transformation has reconstructed the marketing landscape, presenting TikTok as a narrative and affective space in shaping consumption decisions. This study investigates the interaction between Storytelling Marketing (STM), Electronic Word of Mouth (e-WOM), and Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) in mediating One Piece comic purchase intention. With a PLS-SEM approach to 385 respondents, it was found that STM and e-WOM not only have a direct impact on purchasing decisions, but also form a psychological resonance in the form of FOMO which strengthens consumptive urges. TikTok in this case is not just a medium, but an affective field where perceptions, emotions, and social impulses intertwine, blurring the line between narrative and economic decisions. This finding confirms the role of content strategy as a construction of meaning that activates symbolic ownership through collective emotional urgency.