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The aim of this research is to find out whether there is a significant influence of the Talking Stick learning model and the learning motivation of class VIII students at SMP N 4 Tarutung for the 2023/2024 academic year. The method used in this research is a quantitative method with a pre-experimental designs research type in the form of a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population was all Protestant Christian students in class VIII of SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung consisting of 4 classes totaling 121 students and a sample of 31 people was determined using purposive sampling. Data was collected using a closed questionnaire with 30 items. The results of data analysis show that there is a positive and significant influence on the Talking Stick learning model on the learning motivation of Christian Religious Education students and character in class VIII SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung for the 2023/2024 academic year as evidenced by the significant test obtained by the value tcount > ttable (α=0 .05; dk=n-1=30) which is 7.197 > 2.042, thus there is a significant influence between variable X and variable Y. Thus H0 is rejected and Ha is that there is a positive and significant influence on the Talking Stick learning model on learning motivation students of Christian Religious Education and character education in class VIII of SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung for the 2023/2024 academic year were accepted.

Technology-enhanced interactive learning in Christian religious education holds great potential for enhancing students' learning motivation and understanding of Christian values. This article discusses the crucial role of Christian Religious Education (CRE) teachers in designing and implementing this approach, as well as the challenges encountered in the process. Interactive learning leverages tools and platforms such as Classpoint, Slido, and other applications to create a dynamic and contemporary learning environment. Teachers are tasked with selecting and adapting Christian religious content that meets students' needs while utilizing interactive features to enhance student engagement. Challenges including limited technology access, inadequate technological skills, and resistance to change are also addressed within the context of technology integration in religious education. By combining technological innovation with appropriate pedagogical approaches, teachers can maximize the potential of interactive learning to create meaningful and effective learning experiences that deepen students' understanding and application of Christian values in everyday life.    

Community service is one of the three pillars of higher education, aiming to provide solutions to the problems faced by society, including in the aspect of economic empowerment. Panti Asuhan Kristen Tangmentoe is a non-governmental organization located in North Toraja, under the auspices of the Toraja Church. This orphanage has great potential in developing the creativity of its foster children, particularly in their skills in processing eco-friendly materials from bamboo waste. The challenge that arises is how to market the children's creative works. To ensure that these products can be enjoyed by a wider audience and generate positive economic impact, proper guidance is needed in marketing strategies. The stages implemented included product marketing training and mentoring, with evaluations conducted after each phase. This mentoring activity resulted in several positive impacts for Panti Asuhan Kristen Tangmentoe. The foster children and the orphanage staff were able to process bamboo materials into various creative products. These results not only pertained to improved skills and understanding of marketing strategies, but also included social and economic impacts on the orphanage. In terms of marketing, the training participants were able to implement the strategies taught. The products are now being marketed through social media and local e-commerce platforms, receiving positive responses from consumers.

Adulthood is experiencing many problems that must be faced, especially in middle adulthood. Middle adulthood can be said to start at 35-60 years old. The median age is filled with various responsibilities and roles that consume time and energy. This period is also a period that spans the problems of daily life faced. This period was eventually marked by physical and mental changes, especially in spirituality. The method used in this paper is qualitative, using a literature approach. A literature study is carried out by examining various sources regarding the topics discussed. Researchers use various study sources such as textbooks, scientific journals and scientific internet sources.

Social media is used freely and without control causing quite a number of people in the era of disruption to engage in various actions that are not in accordance with religious norms and values. Therefore serious treatment is needed, one of which is Christian ethics education. The purpose of this study is to find out the phenomenon of social media use in the era of disruption and the importance of Christian ethics education. The research method used was literature review and analyzed using a descriptive approach. The results of the study explain that in facing the progress of the times, every Christian needs to understand the phenomenon of the use of social media in the era of disruption by most people, including: Spending a lot of time playing social media, social media as one of the perpetrators of crime, social media is one of the factors growing anti-social behavior. Apart from that, to prepare Christians to have a life that pleases God, it is necessary to take various approaches, including by implementing Christian ethics education in their daily lives, which aims to: Prepare Christians to face challenges of faith in the era of disruption, make them aware of the importance of social values, anticipate in the misuse of social media technology, as a means of instilling Biblical values, motivating to always be a blessing through social media in an era of disruption.

Adulthood is experiencing many problems that must be faced, especially in middle adulthood. Middle adulthood can be said to start at 35-60 years old. The median age is filled with various responsibilities and roles that consume time and energy. This period is also a period that spans the problems of daily life faced. This period was eventually marked by physical and mental changes, especially in spirituality. The method used in this paper is qualitative, using a literature approach. A literature study is carried out by examining various sources regarding the topics discussed. Researchers use various study sources such as textbooks, scientific journals and scientific internet sources.

Social media is used freely and without control causing quite a number of people in the era of disruption to engage in various actions that are not in accordance with religious norms and values. Therefore serious treatment is needed, one of which is Christian ethics education. The purpose of this study is to find out the phenomenon of social media use in the era of disruption and the importance of Christian ethics education. The research method used was literature review and analyzed using a descriptive approach. The results of the study explain that in facing the progress of the times, every Christian needs to understand the phenomenon of the use of social media in the era of disruption by most people, including: Spending a lot of time playing social media, social media as one of the perpetrators of crime, social media is one of the factors growing anti-social behavior. Apart from that, to prepare Christians to have a life that pleases God, it is necessary to take various approaches, including by implementing Christian ethics education in their daily lives, which aims to: Prepare Christians to face challenges of faith in the era of disruption, make them aware of the importance of social values, anticipate in the misuse of social media technology, as a means of instilling Biblical values, motivating to always be a blessing through social media in an era of disruption.

With the rapid development of technology in the digital era, there have been changes in character and the development of professional skills in society. Where this affects the ethics and behavior of today's young generation, for this reason this study was conducted on an urgent need to analyze the impact of Christian Religious Education in balancing technological mastery with a strong moral foundation. The purpose of this study is to understand how Christian religious education can shape students' character, such as honesty, responsibility, and ethics, as well as develop the professional skills needed in the digital workplace. This study uses a qualitative methodology with a case study approach, where data is collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis from several Christian educational institutions. How Christian religious values ​​are integrated into the learning process to form a better personality, and how students can develop digital skills and soft skills such as leadership and communication, are the main topics of discussion in this study. Christian religious education plays an important role in producing students who are not only technically competent but also have strong moral integrity is the core of the study. This study has been shown to have a positive impact on the transformation of students' personalities and supports the development of professional skills that are relevant to the digital era.

This community service activity aims to provide assistance to the children of the Tangmentoe Orphanage regarding the preparation of production costs in the child creativity business at the Tangmentoe Christian Orphanage where all this time the orphanage children have participated in many skills training to improve creativity, but in determining the selling price following the selling price in the market. In terms of determining the selling price, the production price of each production from the creativity of the orphanage children is needed. By using participatory methods carried out in assisting the preparation of production costs in this activity, the orphanage children have knowledge about the preparation of production costs on all the results of the orphanage children's creativity. And through this activity, orphanage children also have strong motivation in planning to start and manage a business.

Children with special needs are one of the most vulnerable groups to experience emotional stress and mental disorders. Therefore, building spiritual resilience becomes extremely important to help them better face life's challenges. This research aims to explore ways to build Christian spiritual resilience in children with special needs from the perspective of disability theology. Disability theology offers a new perspective on disability as part of God's plan and acknowledges the dignity and potential of these children. Through in-depth literature study and theological analysis, this research will identify principles and practices that can help develop strong self-confidence, courage, and meaning in life for children with special needs in the context of the Christian faith. The findings of this research are expected to provide valuable insights for educators, counselors, and religious leaders in accompanying children with special needs to grow holistically, physically, mentally, and spiritually.

Christian religious education has experienced a significant shift along with technological advances in contemporary society. This research will discuss the integration of technology in the context of Christian religious education by highlighting the challenges and opportunities that arise from this paradigm shift. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods with literature review. The results of this research will explore how technology is used to expand traditional boundaries in Christian religious learning through wider access, greater interactivity, and deeper learning experiences for students. In addition, it outlines the integration of appropriate technology, contextual, situational, relevant and dynamic Christian religious education in meeting the spirituality and morality needs of students in this digital era.

The development of digital technology has changed the educational landscape, including Christian religious education. In the current digital era, students are required to continue to be connected to technology so that it becomes a new approach in Christian religious education. Therefore, this is important to accommodate students' spiritual transformation. This research aims to explore the challenges and opportunities in integrating Christian religious education with digital technology, as well as presenting new approaches that can be used by educators. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods with literature studies. The results of this research will examine new approach methods in learning Christian religious education which include the use of mobile applications, online learning platforms, and the use of multimedia content that is relevant to the context of students' lives. Thus, with this approach, it is hoped that students can be more involved, connected, and inspired in the Christian religious learning experience, resulting in a deeper and more sustainable spiritual transformation in this digital era.

Judgment is often viewed as a frightening and controversial concept in Christian life. However, when properly understood, judgment is a manifestation of God's justice and love. In Christian living, it is important to strike a balance between justice and love in judgment. Justice is necessary to uphold moral standards and maintain order, while love teaches forgiveness and compassion. By embracing both, Christians can create an environment that is fair yet understanding, while still adhering to the principles of faith.

Philosophy is a method of thinking systematically and critically. In connection with Christian religious education, it must be studied systematically and critically as basis for knowledge so that it is parallel to other sciences that show real benefits for the development of humanity. The author will describe Christian Religious Education as a science praxis ontologically, epistemologically and axiologically. The method used in this research is systematic literature study approach. Ontologically Christian religious education must be a strong guide towards the journey of human life so that it is able to exist and exist both theologically and socially. Epistemology talks about knowledge. Epistemologically, the Bible and Jesus are the epistemological sources of Christian religious education. Axiology speaks of utility value. The axiological foundation of Christian Religious Education is a loving humanist inspired by Christian values. In other words, it axiology helps to humanize humans and free them from the alienation of their human role in life.

Talking about the second coming of the Lord Jesus (eschatology) is one of the foundations of the Christian faith, so this needs to be known, taught and believed by every person of God. However, because there are many interpretations regarding the second coming of the Lord Jesus, correct and appropriate study is needed according to God's word.  Lack of understanding regarding the second coming of the Lord Jesus can lead to distorted interpretations that even contradict the truth of God's word itself. There are quite a few errors in the interpretation of the second coming of the Lord Jesus. On the contrary, it causes anxiety, fear, doubt, confusion, and even misdirection. This means that it is very important for us to know more about eschatology, to provide a better and correct understanding in waiting for the second coming of the Lord Jesus. At that time, if we have understood it in a paradigm shift that previously had a frightening perspective, but on the contrary, we are waiting for it with full confidence, a higher level of faith in God and even waiting for it with joy, because He is the one who picks up His people, He is the one who all this time in the world we worship, and also only to Him can we immortalize ourselves completely. Death is human nature and the end of human existence in life. Death is indeed the end of human existence, but humans as physical and spiritual creatures are not completely eliminated by death. The soul/spirit as the spiritual element of humans does not disappear along with the body. The soul is the identity of each human person who reveals the history of his life to God. The human soul will later become a means for God in the process of resurrecting humans. Death is not only something that ends human existence in life, but is also a time when humans perfect/complete the history of their life freely. A life history that shows identity, character, personality, and all the stories that have been experienced that show who he is authentically and finally, without being able to change again. The term human being as both a physical and spiritual creature indicates the unity of the two substances or elements that make up a human being, namely body and soul. This unity, apart from showing the integrity and equality of God's creations, also shows the specialness of humans from other creations. The unity between body and soul as the element that makes humans exist is able to explain the event of the resurrection of the dead which is believed by Christians.

This research aims to: (1) determine formulation the educator's workload; (2) knowing educator's workload at SMK Kristen 1 Surakarta. This research is mixed research with a concurrent embedded strategy, using a quantitative approach based on Permendikbud No. 15 Tahun 2018, and qualitative case studies. The population in this study is all educators. The sampling technique is quantitative with saturated sampling and qualitative with purposeful sampling. Informants include school principals, vice of curricula, and educators with non-standard workloads. Quantitative data was collected using document studies, and qualitative using interviews. Techniques for testing validity of quantitative data aren’t needed, and qualitative use triangulation credibility tests, transferability tests, dependability tests, and confirmability tests. Quantitative data analysis using simple quantitative descriptives, and qualitative using Miles and Huberman's data analysis theory. Research results: (1) the main party in formulating workload is vice of curriculum,  formulation of workload is based on Permendikud No. 15 Tahun 2018, formulation of workload is carried out at the beginning of the academic year, and already has a flow formulation; (2) results of calculating workload of educators in 2023 show that 64.52% of educators already have an inload workload, 29.03% of educators overload , and 6.45% of educators have underload workload. The problem of workload overload is caused by educators leaving school, the impact that occurs is the need to work outside of hours, the strategy used is to respond positively, time management, joint classes, student-centered learning, and collaborating with PLP students.

The problematics of Christian theology are often a point of complex and demanding debate seems to be a very good discussion. Because it is not only a topic of discussion among Christians but is also often an easy terget for liberals. They create and use existing thelogical problems as a tool to attack the Christian faith. That is why it is urgent to take the right steps in responding to this matter. So that this is not allowed to continue and erode the real truth and disrupt the faith of Gods congregation. In seeking solutions to the problems of theological skepticism, a philosophical approach is often a very relevant tool. Philosophical assumptions a deeper understanding of Christian teachings and responding to emerging challenges. So that in this way, all errors and misunderstandings regarding Chrristian theology put forward by liberals can be refuted. Therefore, this article will use qualitative research methods. Methodology with a literature riview approach. The literature review in question is from various writings including books, journals and other literature related to Christian religious education, ontological foundations, epistemology and axiology. Analysis of the subject of discussion is reviwed by reflecting on literature findings with implications for the present. Conclussions are obtained from analytical studies of the theories used. This article will explore the urgency of philosophical assumptions in finding solutions to the problems of Christian theology by referring to several relevant philosophical thoughts. Whit the hope of finding a basis that can help every believer in facing and responding to liberals who want to doubt and attack the Christian faith through a philosophical assumption approach, as a from of apologetics for every believer.

Through this research, we will then examine in depth how basically the problems that arise are due to the lack of dialogue that occurs between Christianity and aluk, when discussing the capacity of ma'pealloam. Many who appear in church circles, try to see that they are basically adopting aluk ideology. This is what is then attempted to be dialogued with Paul Tillich's mutualist concept, to look further into the aims and objectives of this matter. The research method used is a qualitative research method, with an anthropological approach. This will then facilitate the ability to see cultural history and enable responses from within the awareness of what has been experienced up to now. Through the results of this research, it was found that basically the church took over the decision to follow the ma'pealloam schedule, to enable maintaining unity between aluk and existing Christianity.

Obedience and loyalty are an inseparable integration in the life of a Christian. As a follower of Christ, these two personality traits are characteristics that must be possessed. This character was owned by a prophet named Hosea. The rise of infidelity and divorce, which is increasingly rampant at the moment, is attracting deep attention because Christian families are also falling into it. The head of the family plays a very important role in controlling and controlling the family. This research uses the method. In this article, the author uses the library study method, where this literature study is a study of ideas, concepts or theories originating from related literature sourced from books and journals that are recognized nationally and internationally using a hermenetic approach and phenomenology so that this method can help in analyzing and identifying scientific articles. This research examines how Hosea's obedience and loyalty are a reflection of faith for today's Christian family heads.

Leadership has been an integral part of human life since ancient times. This article examines lessons from Saul's leadership in a Christian context, focusing on Biblical principles such as obedience, humility, and openness to the input of others. In this article the author uses a research method using a qualitative descriptive approach with literature analysis.   So that we can describe learning from Saul's Leadership: Building a Solid Christian Leadership Foundation. The discussion includes the concept of leadership charisma, Saul's charisma and courage, as well as Saul's mistakes in disobedience and arrogance. The conclusion emphasizes that charisma and courage must be balanced with obedience and humility to build a solid foundation of Christian leadership.