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The The aim of this study is to examine the migration pattern of the Minahasa people to the Netherlands over three generations, focusing on the economic aspect that became one of the main drivers of migration. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis that combines historical data, interviews and literature studies related to the migration phenomenon that occurred from the early 20th century to the present. The three generations of Minahasa migration to the Netherlands include: (1) the first generation that left during the colonial period, generally driven by employment factors and the role of the Netherlands as a colonial state, (2) the second generation that began to migrate in post-independence Indonesia, where economic and educational factors were the main considerations, and (3) the third generation that migrated with more diverse motivations, including the search for better economic opportunities and family reasons. The research found that economic migration was a very important factor in each generational phase, although personal motivations and socio-political developments in Indonesia and the Netherlands also played an important role. The impact of this migration is not only visible at the individual level, but also affects social and economic changes in both countries, both in terms of the integration of the Minahasa community in the Netherlands and their contribution to the economic development of the Netherlands. In addition, this study also highlights the differences in migration characteristics from generation to generation.The reasons for the Minahasa migrated to the Netherlands from the first generation to the present are as follows: (1) KNIL were soldiers of the Dutch East Indies Kingdom, some former KNIL soldiers from Minahasa chose to fly and migrate to the Netherlands. The interaction of culture, religion and language that lasted for a long time eventually gave birth to emotional closeness between immigrants, in this case the Dutch and the Minahasa. (2) The Netherlands and the Minahasa are closely related because Minahasa is the 12th province of the Netherlands. This made people loyal to Twapro choose to migrate to the Netherlands. (3) On Santa Claus (a celebration of Christmas welcoming day, which is celebrated by the Dutch and Minahasa residents), on December 5, 1957, the Indonesian government carried out a massive nationalization of assets belonging to the Netherlands, the embassy and consulate (Netherlands) was closed, and evacuation plans were prepared everywhere (massive expulsion of Dutch citizens out of Indonesia). At that time, not only Dutch citizens were forcibly evicted, but also many Minahasa people who migrated to the Netherlands on their own wishes and choices by boarding Dutch ships together to the Netherlands. (4) A movement involving Minahasa people occurred in 1958 which was Permesta. For a just and prosperous economy as well for a life that is safe, comfortable and peaceful. (5) The creation of the Jakarta Charter, which was signed on June 22, 1945. At this time, gradually, the Minahasa people migrated to the Netherlands because they were worried about their religion as a minority in their country. (6) Many Minahasa people have been displaced, as a result of the "prejudice" of some Indonesians towards them. In the post-Independence period of the Republic of Indonesia, there were prejudices against Christians. This prejudice was based on the a priori attitude of other groups who accused them of being Dutch 'sympathizers'. Because their religion is Christianity who came from the Netherlands and were educated by evangelists from the Netherlands. (7) Assimilate in the context of marriage. (8) The similarity of customs, customs, traditions, culture and beliefs between the Dutch and the Minahasa. There is a bright future in the exchange of personal stories between Minahasa people, migrated Minahasa and native Dutch who will understand each other much better. It is also hoped that the sciences in the fields of architecture, water management or agriculture, plantations and others will enable the Minahasa diaspora in the Netherlands to use them to develop and advance their Minahasa homeland, through hard skills and soft skills. There are many potentials and opportunities to tie and strengthen relations between the two countries.

This research examines the impact of development on teacher performance, with job satisfaction serving as a mediating variable at SMK Negeri 1 Muaro Jambi. The approach used in this research is quantitative, and data collection was done through questionnaires from 58 teachers. The findings indicate that development has a positive impact on teacher performance, both directly and indirectly through job satisfaction as a mediating variable. Job satisfaction also plays a significant role in enhancing teacher performance. This study showed that with proper designs, the development programs improve job satisfaction and motivational levels among the teachers. Development of training, adequate reward, and appropriate job variation may improve the state of affairs for increasing satisfaction and teacher productivity. All this was hoped to become inputs into the human resource management aspect of educational institutions.

Mathematics education in Indonesia faces significant challenges in raising students' awareness of the relevance of mathematics in daily life and the workforce, particularly in the digital era and knowledge-based economy. This study aims to assess the influence of students' awareness of the importance of mathematics in their future careers. Using a quantitative approach, the research collects data from students at various educational levels and analyzes their views on the relationship between mathematics and career development. The results show that students' awareness of the relevance of mathematics in careers, especially in technology, economics, and science, affects their interest and motivation to study mathematics. These findings indicate the importance of increasing awareness through more relevant and technology-based learning approaches to prepare students to face career challenges in the future.  

Sendang Seloaji Tourist Attraction Herbal Education Park which is located in Slaji Hamlet, Randualas Village, Kare District, Madiun Regency, the herbal education park in the Sendang area has various types of herbal plants such as Mint (Mentha piperita), Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), Cat's Whiskers (Orthosiphon aristatus), Lavender (Lavandula officinalis), Telang (Clitoria ternatea), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Nerve leaves (Hemigraphis alternate), Seven Blade Needles (Pereskia bleo (Kunth) D.C.), Red Betel (Piper ornatum), green betel (Piper betle L.), Turmeric (Curcuma Longa), and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus). The aim of this community service is to increase public knowledge about the benefits of medicinal plants and increase the attraction of tourists to visit the Sendang Seloaji tourist attraction. The methods used in this community service are socialization/counseling on toga plants and the practice of creating a herbal educational garden. As a result of this service, people are starting to understand the various types of herbal plants that can be used as medicine. They now better understand the importance of healthy living and understand natural treatment alternatives that are more affordable and have minimal side effects, have higher motivation to learn, and are more enthusiastic about planting herbal plants. This program proves that a learning approach that directly involves the community can build unity among each other and increasing the number of tourists at the Sendang Seloaji tourist attraction is expected to improve the economy of the Randualas community.

This research examines the implementation of student recruitment policies at the Musthafawiyah Purba Baru Islamic Boarding School, North Sumatra, in order to improve the quality of education. As one of the largest Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia, Musthafawiyah faces the challenge of competition with other educational institutions in recruiting quality prospective students. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collected through interviews, observation and documentation studies. The research results show that Musthafawiyah implemented a strict selection which included academic tests, Al-Quran reading and writing tests, and motivational interviews, to attract potential students. However, this policy faces obstacles in the form of negative public perceptions and limited resources. This research recommendation includes strategies to improve the promotion process and improve facilities to strengthen the attractiveness of Islamic boarding schools. By implementing strategic recruitment policies, it is hoped that Musthafawiyah will be able to maintain the quality of education and continue to attract the interest of prospective students from various regions.

The teaching assistance program is one of the main work programs in KKNT-MBKM which provides students with the opportunity to study outside the campus environment. This activity is carried out for 1 week and takes place at SDN 64 Sori Baru and SMPN 12 Kota Bima, Lelamase Village, Bima City. In this Merdeka curriculum, students assist teachers in teaching and guiding students in understanding the subjects that will be taught at the school. In addition to these responsibilities, students must maintain a strong sense of morality and strive to increase students' enthusiasm for learning. Through this activity, it is hoped that students can improve their soft skills and work skills. As for schools, this activity is able to improve educational services and students gain understanding and knowledge in terms of learning, this work program has a major impact on the parties involved

Educational leadership plays a crucial role in achieving high-performing schools, particularly in the context of the demand for holistic improvement in educational quality. Educational leadership acts as a catalyst in creating a conducive learning environment, directing school management effectively, and motivating all school stakeholders to achieve shared goals. This study aims to examine the concepts, fundamental principles, and implementation of effective educational leadership in managing high-performing schools. Additionally, this research analyzes the supporting and inhibiting factors in the application of educational leadership and proposes strategies to overcome the challenges encountered. The method employed is a literature review to gather relevant data and information. The findings indicate that effective educational leadership significantly contributes to enhancing teacher motivation and performance, fostering a positive school culture, and optimizing student achievement. These findings underscore the importance of active educational leadership in adopting innovative and adaptive strategies to create outstanding and competitive schools.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the "Hijrah as Inspiration" learning model in enhancing self-improvement motivation among sixth-grade students at SDIT Syahiral 'Ilmi Bukittinggi. Using a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach, the model integrates historical storytelling, group discussions, and creative projects related to the Islamic concept of hijrah (migration). Data were collected through observations, interviews, and pre-post motivation tests involving 25 students. Results showed a significant increase in students' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation scores (from 61.2 to 76.4), along with improved Islamic Education (PAI) academic performance (from 78.5 to 85.2). Behavioral changes, such as proactive collaboration and reflective thinking, were observed. The study concludes that embedding hijrah values into learning activities effectively fosters students' spiritual and academic growth. Recommendations include teacher training, parental involvement, and further research to adapt the model across diverse Islamic educational contexts.

The rapid development of digital technology has reshaped communication practices in online learning, particularly in language education. Emojis, as a visual symbol widely used in digital interactions, have the potential to enrich emotional expression and participation, but their role in educational contexts remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to investigate how emojis influence students’ emotional expression, engagement, and digital literacy in online language classrooms. To achieve this, a qualitative observational design was employed, focusing on university students participating in online language courses. Data were collected from authentic digital interactions, including chat messages, discussion forums, and collaborative platforms, and were analyzed through content analysis to identify the communicative and pedagogical functions of emojis. The findings indicate that emojis help clarify emotional expression, support comprehension of messages, and encourage active student participation in online discussions. These results demonstrate that emojis not only serve as supplementary tools for digital communication but also contribute to creating a more engaging and supportive learning environment. Synthesizing the main ideas, this study extends the understanding of digital communication theory by highlighting the pedagogical value of emojis beyond their informal use on social media. In conclusion, emojis play a crucial role in strengthening interaction, fostering emotional presence, and enhancing learning outcomes in online language education. The study recommends integrating emojis into digital teaching practices while encouraging further research on cultural variation, learner levels, and diverse digital platforms to maximize their educational potential.

Corruption remains a major challenge in Indonesia. Education plays a crucial role in instilling anti-corruption values from an early age to shape individuals with integrity. One of the core values in anti-corruption education is hard work, which contributes to developing children’s character, fostering independence, discipline, and perseverance. This study aims to analyze how instilling anti-corruption values through hard work can shape children's character in elementary schools. This socialization activities employs a direct socialization method involving students at SDN 023 Samarinda Utara through various activities, such as counseling, simulations, and educational games. The findings indicate that students experience an increased understanding of the importance of integrity and hard work in daily life. Participants demonstrated positive changes in attitude and behavior, such as increased motivation to complete school assignments honestly and responsibly. Thus, instilling anti-corruption values through hard work proves effective in shaping children’s character with integrity. Therefore, the continuation of anti-corruption education programs in schools is essential, involving teachers, parents, and the educational community to create a corruption-free generation.

Pesantren, as the oldest Islamic educational institutions, face complex challenges in environmental health management, primarily due to high residential density, limited sanitation infrastructure, and varying practices of Healthy and Clean Living Behaviors (PHBS). Although the religious concept of taharah (purity) serves as a foundation for cleanliness, there is a lack of in-depth research examining the integration of religious values, infrastructure conditions, and management systems in shaping the daily hygiene experiences of santri (students).This study aims to explore the santri's experience regarding environmental health management in pesantren, focusing on the integration of hygiene, sanitation, and Islamic religious values, while also identifying factors and challenges related to PHBS practices. This qualitative research, utilizing a descriptive phenomenology design, collected data through in-depth interviews with three female santri informants (with 8–9 years of boarding experience). Data analysis was conducted using the six-phase thematic analysis method by Braun & Clarke (2006).The study identified five main themes: (1) Infrastructure is quantitatively adequate but faces operational issues (queues, seasonal clean water scarcity); (2) PHBS practices show positive behavioral changes (self-reliance) but waste management remains traditional; (3) The religious value of taharah acts as a strong intrinsic motivation; (4) The management system involves multi-level roles (kiai-ustaz-administrators) that face consistency challenges; and (5) Main obstacles include limited facilities, varying levels of santri awareness, and disparity in educational programs. Poskestren (Pesantren Health Post) represents an institutional effort to provide basic health services.Environmental health management in pesantren requires a holistic approach, integrating infrastructure improvement and sustainable waste management systems, alongside developing education that unites Islamic religious values with modern health knowledge. Optimizing the religious strategy and strengthening national monitoring/standardization systems are key to program sustainability.

This research aims to identify and analyze the essential instructional tools needed in gas turbine learning for cadets of the Naval Academy's engineering corps using a mixed-method approach with an explanatory sequential design involving 160 respondents, consisting of 120 engineering corps cadets, 15 instructors, and 25 field engineering officers. The research results identified 28 types of gas turbine instructional tools categorized into four groups, with simulators and software showing the highest level of importance (4.65/5.0), and there were significant differences in the perception of importance levels among the three groups of respondents (F(2,157) = 12.45, p < 0.001). The AHP analysis produced a priority framework in four levels, with Level 1 encompassing 5 essential instructional tools: gas turbine simulator (0.742), gas turbine cut-section model (0.698), control system trainer kit (0.681), interactive learning video (0.673), and troubleshooting simulator (0.667). Regression analysis showed that instructional tools significantly contribute to learning effectiveness (R² = 0.742), with the gas turbine simulator as the main predictor (β = 0.384), positively impacting the cognitive aspect with a 26.8% increase in concept understanding (effect size 1.24), the affective aspect with an increase in learning motivation and career interest from 67% to 84%, and the psychomotor aspect with a 33.7% increase in hands-on skills and a 28.5% reduction in troubleshooting time. The resulting priority framework provides strategic guidance for optimizing resources and gradually developing gas turbine learning capabilities in military educational institutions, despite facing major obstacles such as budget constraints, technology compatibility, lack of quality human resources, and limited laboratory infrastructure.

This research examines the influence of the role of parents on the learning motivation of fifth grade students at Al-Zaytun Private Madrasah Al-Zaytun School, Kita Indramayu.  The family has a very important role in educational activities.  So this is where the role of parents is needed to create a conducive environment so as to increase the potential, intelligence, and self-confidence of children. The purpose of this research is to find out how the influence of the role of parents on students' learning motivation.  This type of research is quantitative research.  This research was conducted in Class V Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Zaytun Private School, Kita Indramayu, with a total of 16 students consisting of 11 boys and 5 girls as subjects. This research method uses a quantitative approach with prerequisite analysis test techniques and hypothesis proof techniques.  The hypothesis testing technique that the authors took in this study was a simple linear regression analysis technique aimed at knowing the form of the relationship (influence) between variable x (role of parents) to variable y (learning motivation).  The author uses the SPSS version 22 program in proving the hypothesis. The final analysis in this study is a simple linear regression test.  The simple linear regression test value obtained is a significant value of 0.136 > 0.05, so it can be concluded that the parental role variable (X) has no effect on the learning motivation variable (Y) and the t value is 1.583 <t table 2.145, so it can be concluded that the Parental Role variable (X) has no effect on the Learning Motivation variable (Y).  Then H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected. Thus, the results of the final analysis in this study read "There is no influence of the role of parents on the learning motivation of fifth grade students of MIS Al-Zaytun Sekolah Kita Indramayu".

Effective learning is the primary goal in education, but traditional teaching methods are often considered less engaging for students. This article analyzes the implementation of interactive teaching methods at MTs Muslimat NU Palangka Raya to enhance student participation and motivation. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that the interactive method successfully creates a more dynamic learning environment, with students being more active in group discussions and presentations. This method also improved students' understanding of the material and their social skills, such as communication and collaboration. Overall, the interactive teaching method proved effective in enhancing the quality of learning and can be applied to other educational institutions.

This study aims to explore the challenges of mathematics learning in grade IX at SMP N 45 Kota Bekasi. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data were collected through interviews with teachers and students, as well as direct classroom observations. The findings show that the main challenges in mathematics learning include low student motivation, ineffective use of educational technology, and limited learning facilities. In addition, teaching methods that still rely on conventional approaches hinder students' understanding of mathematical concepts. This study recommends the use of more interactive teaching approaches and the utilization of technology to improve the quality of mathematics education at the school.

In the world of education, teachers have a very large and important role in teaching and learning activities because teachers are educators who are directly in contact with students, so teachers are required to have good performance in order to teach students who also have good quality. One of the educational problems faced by the Indonesian nation is the quality of education at every level and education unit, especially elementary and secondary education. Various efforts have been made to improve the quality of education, including through various training and improving teacher qualifications, procuring books and teaching tools, improving facilities and infrastructure, and improving the quality of school management. The research method used in this study is quantitative through path analysis and SITOREM analysis. The results of this study are that there is a positive relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable when viewed from the path analysis, then the relationship is a functional relationship where teacher performance (Y) is formed as a result of the functioning of organizational culture functions (X1), transformational leadership (X2), self-efficacy (X3) work motivation (X4)

The role of educational leadership is very important in developing entrepreneurial skills in students, especially in the era of globalization that requires graduates to have independent and innovative abilities. Educational leadership acts as a catalyst in creating a conducive learning environment, facilitating an entrepreneurship-based curriculum, and integrating entrepreneurship programs into the learning process. This study aims to explore the role of educational leadership in developing entrepreneurial skills in students. Educational leadership has an important role in shaping students' character and skills, including entrepreneurial skills. The research method used is a literature study to collect data and information relevant to the research topic. The results of the study indicate that effective educational leadership can provide encouragement and motivation to students to develop their entrepreneurial skills. The implication of this study is the need for an active role of educational leadership in creating a learning environment that supports the development of entrepreneurial skills in students.

The purpose of this study is to explore how game-based learning impacts the learning motivation of Grade V students at UPTD SDN Pendabah 3. A literature review method was employed to analyze relevant academic sources. The results indicate that game-based learning, through challenges and rewards, can enhance students' intrinsic motivation. This study concludes that game-based learning has significant potential as an innovative teaching strategy, despite certain challenges in its implementation, such as costs and teacher training.

The role of educational leadership is very important in developing entrepreneurial skills in students, especially in the era of globalization that requires graduates to have independent and innovative abilities. Educational leadership acts as a catalyst in creating a conducive learning environment, facilitating an entrepreneurship-based curriculum, and integrating entrepreneurship programs into the learning process. This study aims to explore the role of educational leadership in developing entrepreneurial skills in students. Educational leadership has an important role in shaping students' character and skills, including entrepreneurial skills. The research method used is a literature study to collect data and information relevant to the research topic. The results of the study indicate that effective educational leadership can provide encouragement and motivation to students to develop their entrepreneurial skills. The implication of this study is the need for an active role of educational leadership in creating a learning environment that supports the development of entrepreneurial skills in students.

Online learning has become an essential component of modern education; however, conventional online learning platforms often rely on two-dimensional interfaces that limit user engagement, interaction, and immersion. These limitations reduce learning motivation and hinder the creation of an effective learning experience, particularly for activities that require active participation. To address these challenges, this research focuses on the design of User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) for online learning implemented in a Virtual Reality (VR) environment. The objective of this study is to develop a user-centered VR-based online learning interface that enhances interaction, usability, and learning comfort. This research applies the Design Thinking methodology, which consists of five stages: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test. User needs and usability issues were identified through observations and interviews, followed by interface design and prototype development of a VR learning environment featuring chat rooms, whiteboards, slide presentations, and virtual representations of teachers and students. Usability evaluation was conducted using the Maze platform to measure user success rates in completing predefined tasks. The results show that 80% of users completed tasks through the expected interaction paths, exceeding the minimum usability threshold of 70%, while 20% of users failed to complete the tasks, indicating areas for improvement. These findings demonstrate that the proposed UI/UX design effectively supports user interaction and usability in a VR-based learning environment. In conclusion, this study confirms that integrating Design Thinking into the UI/UX design process contributes to the development of effective and user-centered VR-based online learning systems, while also highlighting the importance of usability evaluation for refining immersive educational interfaces.