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Keratitis is an inflammation of the cornea caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi. Keratitis can be classified based on the layer of the cornea affected, such as superficial and deep keratitis, or based on the cause, namely keratitis due to reduced tear secretion, keratitis due to drug poisoning, keratitis allergic reaction, infection, immune reaction, reaction to chronic conjunctivitis. This report describes the case of a 44 years old man who came with the main complaint, his left eye felt painful/stinging since ± 3 months ago. Pain in the left eye worsens when the patient leaves the house and is exposed to sunlight, complaints become mild if the patient is not exposed to sunlight. The patient's complaint initially arose after a foreign object entered the patient's eye, after which surgery was carried out, a week after the operation the patient's eye felt painful again. Ophthalmic status examination revealed a decrease in the left visual acuity from 6/12 to 6/18 ± 2 months after surgery, the bulbar conjunctiva was hyperemic, and the cornea was cloudy. The patient was diagnosed with keratitis et. causa oculi sinistra bacteria. In management, patients are given education to avoid direct exposure to sunlight/dust, avoid rubbing their eyes, and use protective glasses every time they leave the house. The pharmacological management given is in the form of antibiotics, cycloplegics, painkillers and H2 receptor antagonists.

The use of electronic medical records (EMR) in hospitals has become a primary focus in efforts to improve the efficiency and accuracy of healthcare services. This study aims to identify the relationship between EMR usage and the satisfaction level of healthcare workers at Hospital X. The research method employed is a quantitative study with an analytical approach and a cross-sectional design, involving 55 healthcare workers using total sampling techniques. Data were collected through questionnaires that measured EMR usage and healthcare worker satisfaction. Data analysis was conducted using the chi-square test. The analysis results show that 44 respondents (80%) categorized their EMR usage as good, and 42 respondents (76.4%) were categorized as satisfied with their work. The chi-square test results yielded a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.05), indicating a strong relationship between the use of electronic medical records and healthcare worker satisfaction at Hospital X, particularly in terms of ease of access to information and the reduction of errors in medical record-keeping. This study concludes that although EMR provides significant benefits for improving the quality of healthcare services, system improvements and adequate support are necessary to achieve optimal satisfaction among healthcare workers.

This study aims to describe the forms of Javanese language maintenance in the multilingual community of Cot Girek District. This research is qualitative descriptive in nature. The methods used are observation and interviews. The data for this study come from the attitudes of Javanese speakers that influence Javanese language maintenance. The findings of this research indicate that Javanese speakers should use Javanese among fellow Javanese, at home, and when playing with friends, read books about the Javanese language, learn new Javanese vocabulary, frequently use it in family conversations, participate in Javanese language contests or competitions, strengthen Javanese language teaching in schools, attend Javanese language training or courses, teach Javanese to children, use social media or technology to teach Javanese, use social media accounts and follow accounts that use Javanese, raise awareness and maintenance of the Javanese language by listening to and watching Javanese songs and dramas, communicate with native Javanese speakers, engage in cultural events and traditional performances, collaborate with Javanese culture enthusiasts, develop literature, and promote legal protection for the Javanese language as an important cultural asset.

Utilizing white pepper peel waste (Pipper nigrum L.) as compost can minimize the problem of pepper peel waste. This research uses black soldier flies (BSF), the results of which are maggots as fertilizer for the growth of potpourri tomato plants (Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium). The aim of this research is to determine the quality of compost from white pepper skin waste resulting from bioconversion using BSF, and its effect on the growth of potpourri tomato plants. This research used an experimental method by pre-fermenting white pepper skin waste using 50 ml EM4 for 2, 3, 4 weeks and then using it as food for BSF larvae. Next, the cassava results are applied to potpourri tomato plants with P1 (1 kg of soil: 5 kg of cassava 2 weeks), P2 (1 kg of soil: 5 kg of cassava 3 weeks), P3 (1 soil: 5 kg of cassava 4 weeks), P4 (1 kg : 10 kg cashgot 2 weeks), P5 (1 kg : 10 kg cashgot 3 weeks), P6 (1 kg : 10 kg cashgot 4 weeks) and control (soil without cashgot). The data were analyzed using ANOVA via the SPSS 26 application. The cassava application showed that there was a significant effect on the highest plant height P6 (22.98 inches), the highest stem diameter P1 (4.58 mm), the highest number of leaves P3 (108.67 leaves), the highest fruit diameter was P2 (17.97) and the highest fruiting time was P0 (29.75). The highest number of fruit is P1 (13 fruits/plant), the highest fruit weight is P5 (39 grams/plant). In conclusion, P1 treatment is the best quality compost for the growth of potpourri tomatoes which is thought to have N (0.22%), P (0.15%), K (0.01%), C-organic (5.84) and a C/ N (26.5).

Cross-infection prevention is a crucial aspect of health services, especially in dental clinics that often face high risks of infection transmission. This community service program aims to improve the knowledge and skills of health workers and the community in preventing cross-infection in dental clinics. These activities include counseling, practical training, and evaluation in several dental clinics, with a focus on the implementation of hygiene protocols, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and sterilization of medical devices. The results of this program showed a significant increase in the understanding and implementation of cross-infection prevention procedures, as measured by questionnaires before and after the program implementation.

Ajwa date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from Medina, Saudi Arabia, contains a high carbohydrate content. Dates are commonly recognized to be available in two forms: dried fruit that may be consumed directly and concentrated date juice. Concentrated date juice usually gives an unpleasant taste when consumed and requires a large container for storage. This study aims to formulate the effervescent granules using two combinations of acids, namely citric acid and malic acid as a source of acid and sodium bicarbonate as a source of base. The research process was began with macerating dates with 96% ethanol solvent and making a dry extract. Furthermore, effervescent granule preparations were made in three formulations with the ratio of sodium bicarbonate and acid (citric acid : malic acid) as follows: formulation I = 2.5: (2:1), formulation II = 3: (2:1), formulation III = 3.5: (2:1). The results showed that, each 5g serving size contained 84.41 g of carbohydrate in the form of effervescent granules. In formula I, the test results obtained were pH 4.82, water content 4.14%, flow speed 11.58 g/second, angle of repose 25.36o, and dispersion time 28.91 seconds. Then, in formula II, the test resultedin pH 5.27, water content 3.80%, flow speed 12.39 g/second, angle of repose 26.69o and dispersion time 26.19 seconds. Moreover, the test findings for formula III, were pH 5.76, water content 3.86%, flow speed 11.83 g/second, angle of repose 26.63o and dispersion time 29.55 seconds. The differences between acid and base concentration ratio in the three formulas above affect the physical properties of effervescent granule preparations, with formula II producing the best carbonation of the three.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common metabolic disorder worldwide. DM is the most common chronic illness in adults. It is estimated that 300 million people will have DM by 2025, and it will reach approximately 439 million and the prevalence is estimated to be 7.7% by 2030. The decrease of blood glucose levels in patients with DM decreases the mortality and morbidity rates significantly.Objective: To identify the potential risk factors of poor glycemic control among patients having type2 Diabetes mellitus in Al-diwaniya city. Methods: A total of 340 patients were included in the study. This was cross sectional study conducted in the Diabetes  Center at Al-diwaniya city, Iraq, from period of 1st of February to the 1st September2023. Based on the cutoff point of Glycosylated hemoglobin of 7, the poor control were the patients with (Glycosylated hemoglobin is ≥ 7) and the good control were the diabetic patient with Glycosylated hemoglobin is <7. A questionnaire developed to gather the demographic, lipid profile, disease characteristics and lifestyles behaviors and filled by the researcher through direct interview. Results: The total number of poor controls was 221 and the good control was 119 patients. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding sex, age, marital status and occupation. A significant association was observed between the control status and high education level (p=0.001) dyslipidemia (p=0.001), cholesterol level (P=0.002), high TG level (p<0.001), and LDL level (p=0.025). Smoking, Body Mass Index and HDL level were not significant factors (p>0.005). All disease characteristics including the duration, family history of DM, FBS, type of medication were significant factors (p<0.001). Lifestyles  behaviors including  self-monitoring, healthy diet, physical activity, and adherence were significant factors (p<0.001). Conclusion: The most important potential risk factors for poor control diabetes were dyslipidemia, poor adherence and longer duration of diabetes. Enhancement of education of the patients and their healthcare providers on these factors are great benefit in glycemic control.

Background: Self-medication is defined as using medicinal products to treat the disorders or symptoms diagnosed by oneself, Self-Medication is common practice worldwide in both developed and developing countries, Regulations usually distinguish between prescription-only medicines (POM) and over the counter (OTC) drugs. inappropriate self-treatment can pose various risks including drug side effects, recurrence of symptoms, drug resistance, etc. the purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical students towards self-medication.  Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among five stages that were selected by the simple random sampling for choosing the students. Data collections were performed from the beginning of March to October 2023. Data were collected with A four-part researcher questionnaire. It was designed to address the students’ knowledge, attitude, and practice. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 23 software. Results: Out of 462 questionnaires distributed, 445 questionnaires were completed; giving a response rate of 96.3%. According to the results, 310 (69.7%) students had carried out self-medication within the past one year. Common cold was the most common ailment treated with self-medication (73.9%) and antipyretics analgesics (64.5%) were the most used drugs. The primary information sources used by the students were their academic knowledge and books (47.4%). Health problems are not serious the most reason for self-medication in the study and lack of knowledge about medicine the highest causes for not taking medication. Conclusion: students’ knowledge of self-medication appears to be good and significantly high. As well self-medication was highly practiced among the students. Therefore, medical students should be viewed as important contributors to the public health care system, and future health professionals should be properly educated on good pharmacy practice and responsible self-medication.

Background: breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, also it is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in low-resource countries. So, every woman should know what it looks like, be aware of any changes, and know what to do if they are discovered. Meanwhile, early diagnosis and management are fundamental steps toward increasing survival and improving the quality of life Aims: The purpose of this study is to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of women in Al_Diwaniaya city regarding breast self-examination, and to explore their level of knowledge about breast cancer focusing on some risk factors.Method:  Cross- sectional _ study was conducted among 350 women aged more than 18 years who attended breast screening department in Al- Diwaniyah teaching hospital during the period of study using face-to-face interviews questionnaire. Results: The total sample included in this study was 350 females, regarding the score of knowledge, the results showed near half of participants having moderate knowledge (49.1%), On the other hand, the attitude of study people was more interesting by enrolling questions. Concerning the attitude score, the findings indicated that 64% of the subjects had a moderate attitude. In terms of practice score, the findings revealed that 57% of participants had poor practice and only 6% had good practice. The study discovered that the age groups under 40 had better knowledge, attitudes, and practices than the age groups over 40, with a positive correlation also (p<0.001) in high education group.Conclusions: The results showed most of participants having moderate to good knowledge (78%) moderate attitude but poor practice of breast self-examination. the gap in knowledge in fields of breast self-examination emphasizes on the need to raise awareness among women about the correct method and timing of it.

Background: Children who experience dental and oral health problems can experience a decline in quality. At the age of elementary school children, it is necessary for business actors to maintain dental and oral health regularly, both in counseling, examinations and dental and oral health care, by parents, schools and related government agencies. Elementary school age is the ideal time to train children's motor skills, including brushing their teeth. In addition, school age has shown learning sensitivity according to children's curiosity. Objective: To provide dental and oral health education through interactive learning media to students of SDN Inpres Tamamaung 4, Makassar City in 2022. Method: This community service is carried out by providing counseling, using media, namely back and forth worksheets, animated films, and puzzle games that aim to create two-way communication and make students active. Respondents in this community service were 3rd grade students of SDN Inpres Tamamaung 4, Makassar City in 2022. Results: There were 5 respondents (25%) with a good level of knowledge before being given facilities increasing to 14 (70%), there were 5 respondents (25%) with a sufficient level of knowledge before being given facilities decreasing to 4 (20%), and there were 10 respondents (50%) with a level of knowledge before being given facilities decreasing to 2 respondents (10%). Conclusion: Community service activities with the theme "Dental and Oral Health Education Through Interactive-Based Learning Media for Students of SDN Inpres Tamamaung 4, Makassar City in 2022" have been carried out well and received a positive response from the 3rd grade students that we have filtered through screening. It was found that many students have dental and oral problems such as cavities and their lack of knowledge about how to maintain dental and oral health is due to the lack of health socialization held by the school and local health centers.

Menopause is the phase where menstruation stops for a woman. Menopause is caused by the loss of function of the ovarian follicles and a decrease in estrogen levels in the blood circulation. The menopausal transition period can occur gradually, usually starting with changes in the menstrual cycle. This transition period is called perimenopause. Perimenopause can last several years and can affect physical, emotional, mental and social well-being. So physical and mental preparation is needed to face this transition period. The aim of this community service is to provide education about menopause and prepare mothers as early as possible to face the menopause period. This activity was carried out in Sungai Jernih Hamlet, RT 10, Bajubang District, Batanghari Regency. Educational activities are carried out using lecture and discussion methods using leaflet media. The results of this activity showed that there was an increase in the level of maternal knowledge in the good category in the pre-test from 4 respondents (21%) to 16 respondents (84.2%) in the post-test results. So it can be concluded that there is an increase in knowledge among mothers before and after being given education about preparations for facing menopause.

Sovereignty is simply the highest power. One of the principles of sovereignty means managing domestic affairs without interference from other countries, this is because the state has power. However, the issue of who owns the power is still a polemic to this day. This is because if something is said to be sovereign but can still be subject to other powers, then that is not sovereignty. Therefore, the emergence of theories of sovereignty did not coincide but developed according to the times, followed by the emergence of philosophers who were more critical about sovereignty in the state. Among the theories is the theory of state sovereignty, which means that the highest power is held by the state. However, as has been explained, this theory still has advantages and disadvantages, which means that the state can be subject to many things, but the state can also be subject to other things.

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang faktor yang mempengaruhi tumbuhnya rasa solidaritas sosial pada komunitas pengemudi ojek online Marbun Delivery. Fokus utama dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana interaksi sosial mempengaruhi tumbuhnya rasa solidaritas sosial pengemudi ojek online Marbun Delivery dan apa bentuk solidaritas sosial yang dihasilkan oleh pengemudi ojek online Marbun Delivery. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori solidaritas sosial dari Emile Durkheim. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk memahami dan mendeskripsikan fenomena yang dialami oleh subjek penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode observasi, wawancara tidak terstruktur, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan melalui tahap reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa cara pengemudi ojek online Marbun Delivery membangun rasa solidaritas sosial adalah adanya ketergantungan antara pengemudi dengan pengemudi serta pelanggan dan dengan menjalankan pekerjaan yang sama. Sedangkan bentuk solidaritas sosial dari komunitas pengemudi ojek online Marbun Delivery terdiri dari kerjasama dan berbagi pelanggan.

Disciplinary character is an attitude and feeling of being obedient and obedient to values ​​that are believed to be one's responsibility. Therefore, teachers try to develop students' disciplined character, one of which is by applying the role-playing method. This research aims to develop students' disciplined character through role-playing methods on Pancasila values. This researcher uses a qualitative method with the Classroom Action Research (PTK) type, which consists of 2 cycles and each cycle has 2 meetings. The data collection techniques are through observation, interviews and documentation. The research results obtained from the application of the role playing method in PPKN subjects on Pancasila values ​​for teachers in cycle I increased from 75.5% to cycle II 88.75%. The application of the role playing method in PPKN subjects regarding Pancasila values ​​to students in cycle I was 67.5% and cycle II was 93.75%. Meanwhile, student learning outcomes in the mathematics subject material flat shapes after implementing the picture and picture model increased with the average score in cycle I being 65% and cycle II being 85%.

Iraqi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners typically spend around eight years studying English before entering university. During the last four years of high school, students get frequent and rigorous instruction in English tenses. In addition, when they Upon entering the institution, students enroll in the English department where they engage in a rigorous four-year study of the English language. The curriculum is built with a focus on teaching tense. Grammar is taught for a total of three hours each week over a span of thirty weeks per year during these four years. However, Iraqi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners have significant difficulties in many grammatical aspects, particularly in the understanding and use of tenses. This article is a data analysis research that seeks to detect grammatical mistakes, including their nature, kinds, and origins. It is presumed in this context that you are now experiencing a difficulty, and I would want to know what specific issue you encountered in the past. The Past tense is used to describe previous activities that occurred either at a precise point in time, which may be indicated by a time phrase or inferred from the surrounding context. The past continuous tense is used to depict acts or occurrences that occurred at a period prior to the present moment.  

Disciplinary character is an attitude and feeling of being obedient and obedient to values ​​that are believed to be one's responsibility. Therefore, teachers try to develop students' disciplined character, one of which is by applying the role-playing method. This research aims to develop students' disciplined character through role-playing methods on Pancasila values. This researcher uses a qualitative method with the Classroom Action Research (PTK) type, which consists of 2 cycles and each cycle has 2 meetings. The data collection techniques are through observation, interviews and documentation. The research results obtained from the application of the role playing method in PPKN subjects on Pancasila values ​​for teachers in cycle I increased from 75.5% to cycle II 88.75%. The application of the role playing method in PPKN subjects regarding Pancasila values ​​to students in cycle I was 67.5% and cycle II was 93.75%. Meanwhile, student learning outcomes in the mathematics subject material flat shapes after implementing the picture and picture model increased with the average score in cycle I being 65% and cycle II being 85%.

Iraqi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners typically spend around eight years studying English before entering university. During the last four years of high school, students get frequent and rigorous instruction in English tenses. In addition, when they Upon entering the institution, students enroll in the English department where they engage in a rigorous four-year study of the English language. The curriculum is built with a focus on teaching tense. Grammar is taught for a total of three hours each week over a span of thirty weeks per year during these four years. However, Iraqi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners have significant difficulties in many grammatical aspects, particularly in the understanding and use of tenses. This article is a data analysis research that seeks to detect grammatical mistakes, including their nature, kinds, and origins. It is presumed in this context that you are now experiencing a difficulty, and I would want to know what specific issue you encountered in the past. The Past tense is used to describe previous activities that occurred either at a precise point in time, which may be indicated by a time phrase or inferred from the surrounding context. The past continuous tense is used to depict acts or occurrences that occurred at a period prior to the present moment.  

The objective of the research was to describe tag and intersentential code switching found in English young learners classroom interaction at Ganesha English Courses Lubuklinggau. The research questions in this research was they were what were tag and intersentential code switching found in English young learners classroom interaction. Setting of this research were Ganesha English Courses Lubuklinggau. The qualitative approach in descriptive qualitative research design was used in this research because the data was in the form of words rather than the number. The data were collected by means of the observation and interviews. Then the data were analyzed by using transcribing and analyzing. The result of this research show, there were found 31 data; (1) 15 tag codes switching, and (2) 16 intersentential codes switching.

This article explores the development of a curriculum for the Qur'anic literacy program at the high school level (SMA). The curriculum aims to enhance students' ability to understand and interpret the Qur'an, integrating both traditional religious education and contemporary pedagogical approaches. The study examines the needs of high school students in mastering Qur'anic literacy and how the curriculum can be tailored to meet these needs effectively. The research also addresses the challenges and opportunities in implementing such a program, considering the diversity of student backgrounds and the evolving educational landscape. The findings suggest that a well-structured Qur'anic literacy curriculum can significantly contribute to students' religious and moral development, preparing them to engage with the Qur'an in a meaningful way throughout their lives.

Rahmah's belief in the role of education as one of the right ways to raise the status of women has been held since she was a teenager. Therefore, Rahmah wanted to establish a special religious college for women. This research aims to find out how Rahmah El-Yunusiyah's ideas on Islamic education for women. The method used in this research is the Systematic literature review (SLR) method. The data of this research is taken from the google scholar database, the author uses google scholar as the main source of information by analyzing documents related to Rahmah El-Yunusiyah's ideas on Islamic Education for women. The results showed that a woman must learn as high as possible because a woman is the first madrasa for future generations, so this is what Rahmah El-Yunusiyah has always fought for in raising the status of women to get learning, but in fighting for this it cannot be separated from the pros and cons but it all does not eliminate Rahmah El-Yunusiyah's enthusiasm in fighting for gender equality in education by establishing AL-Madrasah AL-Diniyyah Li Al-Banat.