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This study examines the understanding of religion in Muhammadiyah, the largest Islamic organization in Indonesia, with a focus on the methodology of thought grounded in the Qur'an and Sunnah. The research identifies the critical approach Muhammadiyah uses in understanding and practicing religious teachings, as well as how the organization responds to the challenges of the times through ijtihad and tajdid. The main concepts discussed include tawhid, worship, and sabilillah, as well as efforts to balance worldly and ukhrawi life. Through literature analysis, it was found that Muhammadiyah prioritizes rational and contextual understanding, encourages active participation in society, and rejects dogmatism. The results show that Muhammadiyah's approach contributes to social and educational development, and invites Muslims to integrate religious values with science. This research is expected to provide deeper insights into the dynamics of Muhammadiyah thought and its relevance in the modern context.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of leadership on the performance of regional office employees in the Ministry of Riau province. The population used in this study was 181 people. The sampling method uses the slovin formula in analyzing data obtained from research objects using quantitative analysis and the number of respondents is 65 people. The results of data processing through SPSS data analysis using the simple linear regression method with the results Y = 18.184 + 0.867x, from the t test there is a t count of 6.374 it can be seen that the value of t count > t table (6.374 > 1.99834) means that leadership has a significant effect on performance employees at the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of Riau Province. it can be seen that the R square value is 0.392, this means that the leadership variable (X) contributes or contributes to the dependent variable where the leadership is 0.392 or 39.2% while the remaining 60.8% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study. this research.

Abstract. Pedagogical competence is the main ability that educators must have to manage learning effectively. This research aims to discuss the meaning of pedagogical competence, the application of learning theories, and the role of information and communication technology in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning. The research method used is literature analysis and theoretical study. The research results show that pedagogical competence includes the ability to understand student characteristics, design learning, and carry out comprehensive evaluations. The application of learning theories, such as behavioristic, cognitive, constructivist and humanistic, has been proven to support the effectiveness of PAI learning. Behavioristics helps build positive habits, cognitive improves deep understanding, constructivists encourage active participation, and humanistics develops students' potential holistically. Apart from that, the use of information and communication technology, such as e-learning, video conferencing and multimedia, is able to encourage learning that is innovative, interactive and in line with the needs of students in the digital era. Thus, the development of PAI teachers' pedagogical competence needs to continue to be improved through targeted training, optimal use of technology, and strengthening learning strategies to produce learning that is relevant to the needs of the times Abstrak Kompetensi pedagogik adalah kemampuan utama yang harus dimiliki oleh pendidik untuk mengelola pembelajaran secara efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan membahas pengertian kompetensi pedagogik, penerapan teori belajar, serta peran teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis literatur dan kajian teoritis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi pedagogik mencakup kemampuan memahami karakteristik peserta didik, merancang pembelajaran, serta melakukan evaluasi secara komprehensif. Penerapan teori belajar, seperti behavioristik, kognitif, konstruktivistik, dan humanistik, terbukti mendukung efektivitas pembelajaran PAI. Behavioristik membantu membangun kebiasaan positif, kognitif meningkatkan pemahaman mendalam, konstruktivistik mendorong partisipasi aktif, dan humanistik mengembangkan potensi siswa secara holistik. Selain itu, pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, seperti e-learning, video konferensi, dan multimedia, mampu mendorong pembelajaran yang inovatif, interaktif, dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan peserta didik di era digital. Dengan demikian, pengembangan kompetensi pedagogik guru PAI perlu terus ditingkatkan melalui pelatihan yang terarah, penggunaan teknologi secara optimal, dan penguatan strategi pembelajaran untuk menghasilkan pembelajaran yang relevan dengan kebutuhan zaman.

This study aims to explore the role of religion as a social institution in the context of the study of religious sociology literature. The research methodology applied in this study is qualitative, with an approach based on literature review. The findings of the study indicate that religion functions as a social phenomenon that is inseparable from people's lives, regardless of any level of culture. Religion will continue to maintain its existence in society, because of its fundamental function. Religion can be considered a social institution, considering its existence in society, where religion is an entity that is recognized, understood, obeyed, and respected by the community. The conflicts or tensions that arise due to religion are not caused by religion itself, but by the excessive fanaticism of its adherents or by the extreme changes that occur in their communities.

Pondok Pesantren Al-Syaikh Abdul Wahid is one of the Islamic educational institutions that plays a crucial role in shaping the character and religious knowledge of its students. The Kyai, as the central figure in the pesantren, not only serves as an educator but also as a leader with significant responsibilities in guiding and educating the students. This journal explores the role of the Kyai in the context of Islamic religious education, including teaching methods, leadership, and the challenges faced. Through a qualitative approach and relevant data analysis, this study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the Kyai's contributions to Pondok Pesantren Al-Syaikh Abdul Wahid.

ThisThis research employs a quantitative method by analyzing data from 15 journals related to Islam Nusantara and religious education. The study aims to examine the role of Islamic boarding schools (pondok pesantren) as educational institutions based on Islam Nusantara in shaping the character of the younger generation. Pondok pesantren serves not only as a religious education institution but also as a center for preserving local cultural values that align with Islamic teachings. Through the Islam Nusantara approach, pesantren instill values of moderation, tolerance, and diversity in students, fostering noble character and adaptability in facing global challenges. Data were processed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis to identify the relationship between pesantren education based on Islam Nusantara and the strengthening of students’ character. The findings reveal that pesantren education significantly contributes to the formation of a high-quality young generation. These findings affirm the relevance of Islam Nusantara in building a religious and culturally rooted generation.

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays an important role in the formation of students' character and understanding of religious teachings. However, in practice, not a few students face difficulties in understanding PAI material, both in terms of cognitiveness and affective. These difficulties can be caused by a variety of factors, such as differences in academic ability, lack of motivation, or socio-cultural problems. Therefore, the right strategy from PAI teachers in overcoming learning difficulties is very necessary. This article aims to identify various strategies that PAI teachers can apply to help students overcome learning difficulties. Based on a literature review, there are several approaches that have proven to be effective, including the use of varied learning methods, the use of educational technology, the provision of intensive guidance, and the strengthening of student motivation and character. In addition, the importance of constructive evaluation and feedback in the learning process is also one of the keys in improving the effectiveness of PAI learning. By implementing these strategies, it is hoped that the learning difficulties faced by students can be overcome, and the quality of PAI learning can be improved.

Information technology refers to any technology that assists human needs. Advances in computing and information technology significantly impact education through the use of computer networks and the internet. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most beneficial applications across various fields, including healthcare, industry, governance, and particularly in education, as exemplified by ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer). This study focuses on the accuracy of ChatGPT in analyzing learning materials for Buddhist Religious Education. It not only examines the technological accuracy but also explores its potential as an effective learning tool in formal educational settings. The method employed is a literature review, aiming to investigate the accuracy of ChatGPT in educational contexts. This research seeks to evaluate ChatGPT's capability to analyze materials and provide precise answers. However, as ChatGPT continues to evolve, there is a risk of increasing student dependency on its use. Despite its advantages, ChatGPT also has limitations, such as its reliance on available data.  

This research aims to describe the application of law number 16 of 2019 concerning amendments to law number i of 1974 concerning marriage regarding marriage dispensations in the Tuban religious courts. This research is qualitative research with a type of field research. Data collection techniques use interviews, observation and documentation. Analysis uses data reduction. data display and drawing conclusions. checking is done by data triangulation. The results of this research are that the Tuban religious court has implemented law number 16 of 2019 after the law was passed. With steps to provide outreach to the government concerned and the community. However, requests for marriage dispensation increased to 57% after the enactment of Law No. 16 of 2019, therefore it can be said that the implementation of Law No. 16 of 2019 is still not effective.    

The Indonesian nation is a nation which is often called a multicultural nation, in which there are various religions, ethnicities, races, even languages ​​and cultural customs. This research was conducted so that readers realize that living amidst a diverse society is not easy, so it is necessary to have a sense of love and tolerance within oneself to produce harmony. This is in line with the basic Christian faith in love and harmony. Then what is the role of Christian Religious Education in maintaining tolerance in diverse communities, for example, from religion, ethnicity, culture and so on.

This study examines the issue of distributing inheritance rights in the context of religious differences among heirs, which is often a complex issue in Islamic law. In traditional fiqh, heirs of different religions are generally not entitled to receive a share of a Muslim's estate. However, the maqashid shari'ah approach, which focuses on the purpose and wisdom of shari'ah, opens up opportunities to reinterpret such rules in light of the principles of justice, beneficence and family harmony. This study aims to analyze how maqashid shari'ah can be applied to provide a solution to the issue of inheritance rights for heirs of different religions. Using normative research methods, this study identifies the relevance of maqashid shari'ah in maintaining social stability, avoiding conflict, and ensuring family welfare. One of the approaches discussed is the application of mandatory wills as a mechanism to provide financial rights to non-Muslim heirs without violating the basic principles of shari'ah. The results show that maqashid shari'ah offers flexibility in addressing contemporary challenges, including the issue of interfaith inheritance. This approach not only emphasizes the importance of maintaining family relationships, but also creates a balance between normative justice and the practical needs of modern society.Thus,maqashid shari'ah becomes a relevant framework to answer inheritance issues in the context of religious differences.  

This research aims to explore the role of the Christian Religious Education (PAK) curriculum in improving the spirituality of youth in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach, this study involved in-depth interviews with teachers, students and practitioners of Christian Religious Education to obtain a holistic perspective regarding the influence of the curriculum on the formation of the spirituality of the younger generation. The research results show that the PAK curriculum has an important role in instilling moral values, strengthening faith, and forming the character of Christian youth. The implementation of a relevant and contextual curriculum allows young people to understand and appreciate religious teachings more deeply, so as to improve the quality of their relationships with God and each other. This research also found that there are challenges in implementing a curriculum that is able to adapt to current developments and technology without ignoring the substance of spirituality. Therefore, the success of the PAK curriculum in increasing youth spirituality is highly dependent on the active involvement of educators and educational institutions in creating an environment that supports learning that is holistic and relevant to the spiritual needs of today's youth.

This article discusses the important role of Christian religious education in facilitating intercultural cooperation in Indonesia, which is a country with a pluralistic society. Religious education not only serves to build individual morals and character, but also serves as a bridge to create understanding and tolerance between different groups. By prioritizing the values of peace and mutual respect, Christian religious education has the potential to reduce conflict and promote harmony in a diverse society. Therefore, education about pluralism and the rights of adherents of other religions in the religious education curriculum is very important, in order to strengthen social solidarity and intercultural cooperation.

Learning evaluation is an important part of the education process. In the context of Islamic Religious Education (PAI), evaluation is not only centered on the knowledge aspect, but also assesses the development of students' religious character. This study aims to examine the influence of learning evaluation on student learning outcomes at SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta, and to describe the learning strategies applied by educators in an effort to improve these results. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study revealed that learning evaluation was carried out in various forms, such as daily assignments, mid-semester tests (PTS), and end-of-semester assessments (PAS). The strategies applied by teachers include providing role models, giving rewards, delivering moral messages, sharing inspiring experiences, and developing honest and polite behavior. Structured and integrated evaluation with this learning strategy has a meaningful impact on student learning outcomes, both in academic aspects and character development.

This research aims to explore the role of the Christian Religious Education (PAK) curriculum in improving the spirituality of youth in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach, this study involved in-depth interviews with teachers, students and practitioners of Christian Religious Education to obtain a holistic perspective regarding the influence of the curriculum on the formation of the spirituality of the younger generation. The research results show that the PAK curriculum has an important role in instilling moral values, strengthening faith, and forming the character of Christian youth. The implementation of a relevant and contextual curriculum allows young people to understand and appreciate religious teachings more deeply, so as to improve the quality of their relationships with God and each other. This research also found that there are challenges in implementing a curriculum that is able to adapt to current developments and technology without ignoring the substance of spirituality. Therefore, the success of the PAK curriculum in increasing youth spirituality is highly dependent on the active involvement of educators and educational institutions in creating an environment that supports learning that is holistic and relevant to the spiritual needs of today's youth.

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) is a process of transferring knowledge, understanding, values ​​and practicing Islamic teachings in a planned, systematic and sustainable manner. In other words, PAI is an effort to develop the natural instinct of students that has been brought since birth into an ability and strength that can produce professional competence. On the one hand, natural instinct can be interpreted as a tendency (potential) to know, understand and practice Islamic teachings both as servants of Allah and as caliphs of Allah on earth. To develop this natural instinct, PAI must be able to direct and guide students in accordance with Islamic teachings. One thing that is very urgent in the implementation of PAI is that it must be based on the instillation of Islamic morals by emphasizing the instillation and habituation of moral action in the lives of students. This is based on the assumption that the essence of Islamic teachings is the practice and practice of akhlaq al-karîmah.

This article was created to examine the role of Islamic religious education in forming honest character in early childhood, where when children are still at the age known as the golden age, they tend to learn a lot from what they see and experience. It contains the role of Islam in becoming a forum for instilling and teaching honest character to young children through fun methods by implementing honesty from the holy book Al-Qur'an, hadith, and exemplary stories of the Prophets and Apostles of that era. A long time ago. Later, honest character education through the role of the Islamic religion will influence their character in the future, and what their character, behavior and mindset will be like in the future.

This article aims to understand the role of religion in adulthood and how religious beliefs evolve with age. This research employs a literature review methodology by examining various sources related to the psychology of religion in adult individuals. The findings show that religion plays a significant role in providing emotional support, enhancing psychological well-being, and shaping life perspectives. Furthermore, religious commitment tends to increase with age, associated with the pursuit of meaning and life purpose. These findings suggest that religion can be a substantial source of mental strength for adults.    

Islamic religious education has a fundamental role in forming people who are faithful and have noble character. The concept of Islamic education is based on the values ​​of monotheism, the exemplary behavior of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, and the teachings of the Qur'an and hadith which emphasize the importance of morality in individual and social life. This study analyzes the concept and practice of Islamic religious education in building character through a qualitative approach with literature study methods, observation, and interviews. The results of the study show that Islamic education is implemented through various methods, including cognitive learning, habituation of worship, role models, and the role of family and social environment. Islamic education does not only focus on mastering religious knowledge but also on internalizing moral and ethical values ​​that shape the personality of Muslims who have noble character. Therefore, optimizing Islamic religious education is very important in facing moral challenges in the modern era.

 This study examines the influence of local culture on religious practices in Sukamulya Village, Lembang, focusing on the use of ritual offerings during the first suhoor of Ramadan. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data was collected through in-depth interviews with three key informants and direct observation of community practices. The findings reveal a complex interplay between local culture and religious practices, highlighting the need for community education to maintain Islamic principles while respecting cultural heritage. The study suggests that further research is needed to better understand the dynamics of cultural and religious acculturation in Indonesia.