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Jumarla, Rivaldo Biltzasar; Purwanto, Purwanto; Ihkammuddin, Zhini

Jurnal Universal Technic (UNITECH) 2025 Fakultas Teknik Universitas Maritim AMNI Semarang

Maritime safety is one of the most crucial aspects of sea transportation, largely determined by the orderliness of vehicle loading on board. This study aims to evaluate vehicle loading practices on KMP Terubuk operating on the Semarang–Kumai route by examining vehicle spacing, the use of lashing equipment, transport productivity, and ship stability based on the metacentric height (GM) value. This research employed a descriptive quantitative method using primary data obtained from field observations and secondary data from PT Dharma Lautan Utama’s operational reports. The findings reveal that the average spacing between vehicles ranged from 15 to 20 cm, which is far below the minimum standard of 30–60 cm as regulated by the Indonesian Ministry of Transportation Regulation No. 115 of 2016. Moreover, none of the vehicles were secured with lashing equipment, despite its availability on board. The transport productivity over the past five years has shown a significant increase in both passengers and vehicles; however, this growth has not been followed by adequate implementation of safety standards. Stability analysis demonstrated variations in GM values across trips, with several trips recorded below the safety threshold of 0.15 m, indicating unstable conditions. The study concludes that vehicle loading practices on KMP Terubuk do not yet comply with maritime safety regulations, thus stricter enforcement and monitoring of loading standards are urgently required.

Arief Hidayat

Jurnal Universal Technic (UNITECH) 2025 Fakultas Teknik Universitas Maritim AMNI Semarang

Panel surya merupakan salah satu solusi energi terbarukan yang banyak dikembangkan di Indonesia. Namun, salah satu kendala utama dalam implementasinya adalah penurunan efisiensi akibat peningkatan suhu permukaan panel saat terpapar sinar matahari secara intensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efektivitas sistem pendingin pasif berbasis alumunium fin dalam mengoptimalkan kinerja panel surya. Metode eksperimen digunakan dengan membandingkan dua unit panel surya: satu unit menggunakan sistem pendingin pasif dengan fin alumunium dan satu unit lainnya tanpa sistem pendingin. Parameter yang diamati meliputi suhu permukaan panel, tegangan output, arus, dan efisiensi daya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan alumunium fin mampu menurunkan suhu rata-rata permukaan panel sebesar 8–10°C dibanding panel tanpa pendingin. Penurunan suhu ini berdampak positif terhadap peningkatan efisiensi panel surya sebesar 12,5%. Alumunium dipilih sebagai material utama karena konduktivitas termalnya yang tinggi serta ringan dan ekonomis. Dengan penerapan sistem ini, diharapkan pemanfaatan panel surya di wilayah tropis seperti Indonesia dapat menjadi lebih optimal tanpa tambahan konsumsi energi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penggunaan sistem pendingin pasif sebagai solusi efektif dan berbiaya rendah dalam pengembangan sistem energi surya skala kecil hingga menengah.

da Costa Fátima, Manuela Rosa; Lobo Soares, Jaime da Costa

IT-Explore: Jurnal Penerapan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 2025 Fakultas Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

Lecturers are a key element in improving the quality of education in higher education. Effective assessment of lecturer performance is essential for evaluation and improvement of education quality. Instituito Profissional de Canossa (IPDC) evaluates lecturer performance through manual methods involving students, this process often produces inaccurate data and slows down decision making. For this reason, a decision support system is needed that can accommodate all the criteria needed in decision making using the promethee method to assess lecturer performance. Promethee was chosen in this research because of its ability to consider data characteristics and provide more accurate results. This DSS will consider three assessment criteria, including education, community service and research. The results of the DSS implementation with the Promethee method can provide recommendations for lecturer performance rankings that help the quality assurance team in identifying outstanding lecturers.

Da Silva, Graciela; Lobo Soares, Jaime da Costa

IT-Explore: Jurnal Penerapan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 2025 Fakultas Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

Choosing a strategic business location is a key factor in building a successful enterprise, especially in Lautem Municipality, Timor-Leste. This area presents various opportunities for businesses such as grocery shops, small restaurants, repair workshops, and agricultural ventures. However, entrepreneurs often face challenges like poor road infrastructure, limited purchasing power, and inadequate transport access. This study developed a web-based Decision Support System (DSS) using the ELECTRE method to help business owners select the most suitable location. The system evaluates multiple location options based on important criteria such as population density, transportation access, and economic activity. By using this approach, entrepreneurs can reduce the risk of choosing an unprofitable location and improve their chances of success. The results show that implementing the ELECTRE method in a DSS is effective for identifying optimal business sites. These findings are expected to serve as a practical reference for entrepreneurs in Lospalos and nearby areas, while also supporting local economic development in the region.

Prayoga, Yosafat Rendi; Martyas Edi, Sri Winarso

IT-Explore: Jurnal Penerapan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 2025 Fakultas Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

The rapid growth of the gaming industry demands innovation in map design to maintain dynamic and non-repetitive gameplay experiences. This study aims to implement the Random Walk algorithm to generate procedural maps for Scrollbearer, a roguelike game developed using C# in Unity. The algorithm constructs random corridors and rooms from a starting point, integrated with dead end handling and Corridor First mechanics to ensure map connectivity. The research applies a Research and Development (R&D) approach with quantitative evaluation through Likert-scale questionnaires. Test results demonstrate that procedural maps significantly enhance replayability, with 79.5% of players preferring this mode due to unique layout variations and higher challenge levels (score 4.07/5). Exploration satisfaction in the procedural mode also outperformed the static mode (score 4.34/5). These findings validate the effectiveness of the Random Walk algorithm in creating dynamic maps for roguelike games, while providing a foundation for future enhancements such as biome diversity and random events.

Sipasulta, Angelica Mailen; Bayu, Teguh Indra

IT-Explore: Jurnal Penerapan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 2025 Fakultas Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

Bea Cukai has recently been in the public spotlight, especially regarding the supervision of goods from abroad. News and public responses regarding Bea Cukai's supervision create pros and cons, thus triggering a variety of responses from the public. This study aims to analyze the sentiment of Indonesian people towards the performance of Bea Cukai in monitoring goods from abroad by utilizing Twitter social media. In this research, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm is applied to classify public comments on Twitter into positive or negative sentiments. Through the crawling process carried out from June 1, 2023, to May 12, 2024, 9,051 entries of data were collected. The analysis results showed an accuracy of 93.87%, precision 94%, recall 93%, and F1-score 94%. These results show that the SVM method is effective in analyzing public sentiment, especially related to Bea Cukai's supervision.

Wibowo, Andrean Vini Bimo Arya; Yeremia Alfa Susetyo

IT-Explore: Jurnal Penerapan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 2025 Fakultas Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

Conventional attendance systems often face various problems such as inefficiency, inaccuracies in attendance logging, and limitations in recapitulation processes. Manual systems are prone to human error and time-consuming, while fingerprint-based systems may fail when the sensor is affected by dirty, wet, or damaged fingers. This study aims to develop an attendance system based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) by utilizing the face_recognition function in Python and implementing a microservice architecture to improve efficiency and accuracy in attendance recording. The system is developed using the Agile Feature-Driven Development (FDD) method, which focuses on building system features based on prioritized business values. This method is applied within the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) to ensure a structured, iterative, and user-oriented development process. Facial recognition is performed by comparing the encoding of the captured face image with the data stored in the database. The results show that the system is capable of recording attendance automatically, accurately, and in real-time. Furthermore, the recapitulation process becomes more efficient as the system manages and presents the data systematically.

Auliya, Kharisma Xena; Dian W. Chandra

IT-Explore: Jurnal Penerapan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 2025 Fakultas Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

The quality of user experience (Quality of Experience/QoE) in YouTube video streaming services is highly influenced by the quality of network service (Quality of Service/QoS). QoS measurement is conducted using Wireshark software with parameters such as throughput, packet loss, delay, and jitter, and assessed based on the TIPHON standard. Meanwhile, QoE is evaluated through a survey of 30 respondents and measured using the Likert scale.The analysis results indicate that QoS falls into the "Good" category, with a throughput of 1,545.45 kbps at 51.5%, 0% packet loss, 5.69 ms delay, and 0.0015 ms jitter. Additionally, the average QoE score of 4.55 suggests that the user experience is also considered good. Further analysis reveals a correlation between QoS and QoE, where a more optimal network quality positively impacts user experience. These findings provide insights for service providers to optimize streaming quality to meet user expectations.

Gunawan, Ricardho; Hendry, Hendry

IT-Explore: Jurnal Penerapan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 2025 Fakultas Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

Sentiment analysis of guest reviews is a crucial aspect in improving the quality of hotel services. This study aims to analyze the sentiment of guest reviews regarding the services of Grand Diamond Hotel Yogyakarta using a machine learning approach with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. SVM was chosen because it can handle high-dimensional data such as text and is capable of forming an optimal separating hyperplane between sentiment classes. The research data was obtained through web scraping from Traveloka, yielding 1,119 reviews, which were processed through preprocessing, translation, and sentiment labeling using the TextBlob library. After TF-IDF weighting, the data was divided into 80% for training and 20% for testing. The linear kernel SVM model achieved 80% accuracy in classifying the reviews into positive, negative, and neutral categories. The results of this study were implemented in a web-based application equipped with data visualization and model evaluation features, allowing hotel management to efficiently monitor and analyze guest sentiment and support data-driven service quality improvement.

Hafsah Islamiati Ayuningtyas; Wahyu Purnama Sari; Bintang Bahari; Triansyah Amarullah Ahmad Prayoga; Prawira Setia Ramdhani

IT-Explore: Jurnal Penerapan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 2025 Fakultas Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

Advancements in information technology have created significant opportunities for more efficient spatial data management, including the mapping of government buildings. To support this effort, this study develops a web-based geographic information system for mapping government buildings in Bandung City using Leaflet.js. The system aims to facilitate interactive map visualization and provide more accurate and structured access to spatial data. The Agile method is applied in the system development process, consisting of six main stages: needs identification, design, development, testing, implementation, and evaluation. The system is designed using the Laravel or CodeIgniter framework as the backend and Leaflet.js for dynamic spatial data presentation. The research results indicate that the system can display geographic information accurately and interactively while supporting search, filtering, and responsive map display features across various devices. Additionally, the Agile approach has proven to enhance development efficiency and user experience. With this system, the government can manage building data more effectively, transparently, and efficiently to support planning and decision-making based on spatial data.

Kostafani, Emmanuel Ardillan Kostafani; Tien Bayangkhariwati Tacoh, Yuliana

IT-Explore: Jurnal Penerapan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 2025 Fakultas Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

This study aims to examine the impact of using the Quizizz application on students’ learning interest in the Information Technology subject at SMK Negeri 3 Salatiga. The research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design, involving an experimental class that utilized Quizizz as a learning medium and a control class that used conventional teaching methods. Data on students’ learning interest were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using the Independent Sample T-Test to determine significant differences between the two groups. The findings revealed that students in the experimental class who learned through Quizizz achieved a mean score of 68.96, while those in the control class obtained a mean score of 57.30. The statistical analysis indicated a significant difference between the two groups, suggesting that the use of Quizizz had a positive and measurable effect on enhancing students’ learning interest. The interactive features of Quizizz, such as real-time feedback, gamification elements, and visual engagement, likely contributed to students’ higher motivation and active participation during the learning process. Based on these results, it can be concluded that Quizizz serves as an effective and engaging digital tool to increase students’ enthusiasm for learning Information Technology. It is therefore recommended that educators integrate Quizizz into classroom activities as a complementary interactive learning medium. Future research is encouraged to investigate the application of other digital platforms or compare the effectiveness of different gamified learning tools across various subjects and educational levels.

Christofel Oktavianus Nobel Pale; Maria Rosa Oktaviani Toji; Wulan Mardiany Maria Lomi; Ignasius Umbu Pati; Anjela Rut Tia +2 more

Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Nian Tana 2025 Fakultas Ekonomi & Bisnis, Universitas Nusa Nipa

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kebersihan dan kerapian lingkungan di Desa Rejo melalui pendekatan gotong royong yang melibatkan mahasiswa KKN dan masyarakat setempat. Metode pelaksanaan meliputi kegiatan partisipatif dengan rangkaian kegiatan seperti pembuatan tempat sampah, penanaman tanaman hias pinang, pembuatan dan pemasangan plang RT/RW, serta kegiatan kerja bakti pembersihan lingkungan. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli hingga Agustus 2025 dengan melibatkan partisipasi aktif masyarakat dalam setiap tahapan. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan perubahan positif baik secara fisik maupun sosial, dimana lingkungan desa menjadi lebih bersih dan tertata, pola pembuangan sampah masyarakat mulai terarah, area publik memiliki elemen penghijauan yang memperindah lingkungan, dan struktur wilayah administratif menjadi lebih jelas dengan adanya plang RT/RW. Selain itu, kegiatan ini berhasil meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya menjaga kebersihan lingkungan dan memperkuat nilai-nilai gotong royong di kalangan masyarakat

Nunsio Handrian Meylano; Erwin Cahya Saputra; Elisabeth Lusitania Lino Kromen; Eufrasia Reinelda Laju; Marlina Meme +2 more

Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Nian Tana 2025 Fakultas Ekonomi & Bisnis, Universitas Nusa Nipa

Stunting masih menjadi permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat yang berdampak pada pertumbuhan fisik, perkembangan kognitif, dan kualitas sumber daya manusia, khususnya di wilayah pedesaan. Upaya pencegahan stunting memerlukan pendekatan berbasis masyarakat yang mudah diakses dan berkelanjutan, salah satunya melalui Pos Pelayanan Terpadu (Posyandu). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis upaya pencegahan stunting berbasis Posyandu melalui kegiatan sosialisasi gizi dan Pemberian Makanan Tambahan (PMT) di Desa Parumaan. Metode pelaksanaan menggunakan pendekatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan dalam rangka kegiatan Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN), meliputi sosialisasi gizi kepada ibu balita dan keluarga, distribusi PMT kepada balita sasaran, pemantauan pertumbuhan melalui pengukuran berat dan tinggi badan, serta pencatatan hasil kegiatan oleh kader Posyandu. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman ibu balita mengenai pentingnya gizi seimbang, terlaksananya distribusi PMT secara terstruktur, serta meningkatnya partisipasi kader dan masyarakat dalam kegiatan Posyandu. Pemantauan pertumbuhan balita menunjukkan adanya perbaikan perilaku kesehatan keluarga dan peningkatan kesadaran untuk melakukan pemantauan rutin. Program ini terbukti efektif sebagai upaya pencegahan stunting berbasis masyarakat, memberikan manfaat nyata bagi keluarga balita, serta berpotensi untuk direplikasi dan dikembangkan sebagai model intervensi kesehatan berbasis Posyandu di desa lain.

Nunsio Handrian Meylano; Maria Fatmawati; Maria Gresemelia Barbara; Lusia Elisabeth Nona Verni; Odiliana Leda Muda +3 more

Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Nian Tana 2025 Fakultas Ekonomi & Bisnis, Universitas Nusa Nipa

Kemiskinan ekstrem masih menjadi permasalahan serius di wilayah pesisir, khususnya pada masyarakat nelayan di Desa Darat Pantai, Kecamatan Talibura, Kabupaten Sikka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kemiskinan ekstrem serta mengkaji upaya penanganannya melalui program Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) Universitas Nusa Nipa. Metode yang digunakan meliputi observasi langsung dan wawancara dengan perangkat desa, tenaga kesehatan, serta masyarakat setempat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemiskinan ekstrem di Desa Darat Pantai bersifat struktural dan multidimensi, dipengaruhi oleh rendahnya pendapatan nelayan, keterbatasan aset produksi, ketergantungan pada pemilik modal, serta minimnya akses terhadap pendidikan, kesehatan, sanitasi, dan infrastruktur dasar. Program KKN berfokus pada pendataan valid masyarakat miskin ekstrem (P3KE), perbaikan ketepatan sasaran bantuan sosial, serta pelaksanaan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) untuk merumuskan solusi bersama. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pemutakhiran data kemiskinan secara berkala, penguatan program pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat, serta peningkatan infrastruktur dasar sebagai langkah berkelanjutan dalam menanggulangi kemiskinan ekstrem di wilayah pesisir.

Yoseph Darius Purnama Rangga; Rosalia Yuliani; Febronia Inexia; Elisabeth Conchita Naru; Amelia Ardita Silviana Moy +2 more

Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Nian Tana 2025 Fakultas Ekonomi & Bisnis, Universitas Nusa Nipa

The Community Service Program (KKN) is a form of student dedication to society aimed at supporting sustainable rural development. In Regapu’u Village, KKN students implemented a collaborative program focusing on two strategic issues: extreme poverty data collection and stunting prevention education. The data collection was carried out through door-to-door visits to obtain accurate information regarding the residents' social and economic conditions. The data was then used as a basis for village policy planning and social assistance distribution. Meanwhile, the stunting education was conducted through outreach activities targeting pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and families with toddlers, covering topics such as nutrition, parenting practices, and sanitation. The methods used included participatory  observation,  interviews,  educationaloutreach, and demonstrations of nutritious food preparation (mung bean porridge). The results of the program showed an increase in community awareness regarding child nutrition and health, as well as the availability of more accurate poverty data for the village government. This activity demonstrates that collaboration between students, the community, and local authorities can contribute significantly to addressing poverty and preventing stunting at the local level

Yoseph Darius Purnama Rangga; Gervasius Febriano Valentino Judi; Lusia Rosita Lango; Maria SIsilia Virly Radja; Julianto Edwar Baber +2 more

Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Nian Tana 2025 Fakultas Ekonomi & Bisnis, Universitas Nusa Nipa

The 2025 Nusa Nipa University Community Service Program (KKN) in Masebewa Village aims to raise public awareness of the protection of women and children through outreach, given the increasing number of cases of physical, sexual, and psychological violence that are often resolved within the family without reporting. The methods used included discussion sessions and the delivery of educational materials on legal basis (such as Law No. 23 of 2004), women's and children's rights, forms of violence, and solutions. The program was implemented over two weeks (July 14-26, 2025) in each neighborhood unit (RT), neighborhood unit (RW), parents, housewives, teenagers, youth, and children through a participatory approach.The results of the program demonstrated active community participation, increased understanding, increased courage for victims to speak out, and collective awareness for preventing and reporting violence, thus creating a safer and more caring environment in Masebewa Village.

Yoseph Darius Purnama Rangga; Maria Sisilia Skolatika; Maria Claudia Dhana Ndolu; Sinthia Dafros Tawa; Marselian Ernest Idayantri Woro +2 more

Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Nian Tana 2025 Fakultas Ekonomi & Bisnis, Universitas Nusa Nipa

The Community Service Program (Kuliah Kerja Nyata / KKN) carried out by students of Nusa Nipa University Indonesia in Wolorega Village represents a community service initiative aimed at strengthening village identity and improving public service accessibility. The Community Service Program (Kuliah Kerja Nyata / KKN) of Nusa Nipa University Indonesia is one of the compulsory academic activities that reflects the implementation of the Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi, particularly in the field of community service. This program aims to provide real contributions to village development, improve the quality of public services, and strengthen the relationship between students and the local community. One of the work programs carried out by the KKN group in Wolorega Village was the creation of a village name board as an identity marker for the Village Office.                                                                                                                                The background of this activity lies in the absence of a proper and representative village name board, which often caused difficulties for both local residents and visitors in locating the village office. This situation affected the effectiveness of administrative services. Therefore, the KKN students took the initiative to design and construct a new village name board to strengthen the village’s identity and improve public service facilities.  The implementation method included several stages: coordination with the village head and officials, designing the name board, procuring materials and equipment, constructing and painting the board, and finally installing it in front of the Wolorega Village Office. The entire process was carried out in collaboration with village officials and with active participation from the local community. The results of this activity show that the village name board was successfully built and installed. Its presence provides significant benefits, such as making it easier for the community to locate the Wolorega Village Office, clarifying the village’s official identity, and enhancing the image of the village government as a well-organized and professional institution. In addition, this activity received positive appreciation from village officials and the community because it effectively addressed an existing problem.  In conclusion, the creation of the village name board is not only a physical facility improvement but also a tangible form of contribution from the students of Nusa Nipa University Indonesia in supporting village development and improving public services in Wolorega Village.  

Dela Puspita Ernanda Sari; Sri Puguh Kristiyawati

Nursing Applied Journal 2025 LPPM STIKES KESETIAKAWANAN SOSIAL INDONESIA

Ischemic stroke occurs when a thrombus, embolus, or vascular stenosis disrupts blood supply to the brain, causing vessel rupture and blood leakage into the surrounding neuronal space. A common clinical symptom of stroke is hemiparesis, or muscle weakness on one side of the body. Non-pharmacological management, such as range of motion exercises using mirror therapy, can support rehabilitation. Mirror therapy is a form of motor rehabilitation that engages the patient's motor imagery. The mirror provides visual stimulation to the brain, particularly the cerebral motor nerves on both the affected and unaffected sides, to assist movement in limbs experiencing hemiparesis. This study used a case study method, implementing nursing care and evidence-based nursing practice. Over six consecutive days of intervention, mirror therapy led to increased muscle strength. Prior to the therapy, muscle strength was recorded at. After the therapy, muscle strength improved to. These results suggest that mirror therapy can serve as an effective rehabilitation strategy to address impaired physical mobility in patients with ischemic stroke.

Hendra Warman; Budi Syahri; Waskito Waskito; Fiki Efendi

Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

The Teaching Campus Program provides students with direct experience in collaborating with teachers and principals to improve the quality of learning, particularly in literacy, numeracy, and technology adaptation. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Teaching Campus Program Batch 8 among students of the Faculty of Engineering, Padang State University (FT UNP). This study uses a program evaluation research type with a quantitative approach. The research population consisted of 35 students, all of whom were sampled using total sampling technique. The research variable was the evaluation of the implementation of the Campus Teaching Program based on the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model. Based on the results of the study, the evaluation of the implementation of the Campus Teaching Program among FT UNP students was overall “Fairly Good”. This provides learning experiences outside the campus and improves student skills. However, efforts to improve the quality of each evaluation dimension, especially in terms of student placement relevant to their study programs, clarity of guidelines, and preparatory curriculum, are necessary to achieve the “Very Good” category and maximize the program's contribution.

Natalia Suzanty; Arianto Arianto; Irwan Musafir; Hardoni Hardoni; Abdul Aziz BSA +1 more

Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Sosial dan Humaniora 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

The Indonesian government has long faced complex armed conflicts, particularly in Papua, involving security forces and Armed Criminal Groups (KKB). This conflict has had a major impact, not only in terms of casualties involving the military and civil society, but also in terms of broader social and political impacts. A more security-oriented approach by the government is often questioned, because on the one hand, it exacerbates human rights violations, creates a negative stigma against the Papuan people, and further limits the space for constructive political dialogue. This ongoing tension has worsened relations between the central government and Papuans, who have long felt marginalized. In addressing these issues, it is important for governments to develop a more holistic approach, by strengthening protection of civil society, increasing transparency and accountability, and opening up space for inclusive dialogue between all relevant parties. A sustainable settlement requires not only security management, but also serious attention to the well-being, rights of the Papuan people, and recognition of their cultural diversity and political aspirations. Going forward, approaches that prioritize dialogue and reconciliation can open up opportunities to achieve a more just and sustainable peace.