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The poem "Antara Gelap dan Terang Manusia" by Ariffin Noor Hasby in the book Salawat Laut aims to analyze the diski and meaning of the poem. This poem explains the meaning of each word used by the author has a certain meaning in which the reader understands the intention and purpose conveyed by the author. The method in this study is qualitative and data collection techniques using literature techniques by understanding the content of the poem. Through the analysis of the poem "Between Darkness and Human Light" by Ariffin Noor Hasby, the diction chosen by the author has a deep meaning, namely telling the story of a person's spiritual journey in searching for the meaning of life in the midst of the complexity of the world, such as darkness and light, heart and mind, sin and forgiveness. This journey is described as an attempt to find love, truth, and inner peace. This poem describes the beauty, emotion, and complexity of the relationship. The repetition of the phrase "Between darkness and human light" at the beginning of each verse emphasizes that this is a universal human condition that continues to be in a struggle between good and evil, between enlightenment and spiritual darkness.

The revitalization of ancient buildings has an important role in preserving cultural heritage and also in developing the potential of art and architecture in Indonesia. In this research, the case study in this context will be the Dr. Saleh is in the city of Probolinggo, East Java. This museum was built in the 20th century and has high historical and architectural value. This research uses a qualitative approach in order to analyze the aesthetic, historical and social aspects of the building. By showing research results that the revitalization of museums can optimize their function as public spaces, increase the preservation of cultural heritage, and attract the interest of tourists. Through several art and educational programs, the Dr. Saleh was able to transform into a center of creativity that connects past and present generations. From the results of this analysis, it is recommended that revitalization be carried out while maintaining the original elements of the building, while adding several modern facilities that can support interaction with visitors. With this approach, the museum not only functions as a collection storage center but can also be used as an education and arts center that contributes to the development of local communities as well as tourism. It is also hoped that this research will be able to provide guidance for the revitalization of other historical buildings in Indonesia.

Effective urban spatial planning is a key element in supporting sustainable urban development. Tangerang, as one of the rapidly growing urban areas, faces significant challenges due to conflicts between increasing population density and the need for green spaces as ecological balancing elements. This study aims to analyze the issues of urban spatial planning in Tangerang, focusing on the factors driving the conflict between population density and the provision of green spaces. A qualitative approach was used, involving secondary data analysis from urban spatial planning documents, government policies, and relevant literature reviews.The findings indicate that high urbanization rates, discrepancies in the implementation of spatial planning policies, and low public awareness of the importance of green spaces are the primary factors exacerbating the problem. Additionally, the lack of green spaces has negative impacts on environmental quality, such as rising urban temperatures, increased flooding, and a decline in residents' quality of life. As a solution, this study recommends integrating spatial planning strategies based on ecological approaches, including optimizing zoning policies, developing vertical gardens in densely populated areas, and enhancing community participation in green space conservation. These findings are expected to contribute to more sustainable urban spatial planning in Tangerang and other cities facing similar challenges.

Global climate change has become a serious challenge that affects various aspects of life, including the field of architecture, especially in tropical climates. Increasing environmental temperatures and changing weather patterns have a significant impact on the thermal comfort and energy efficiency of buildings. This article aims to explain strategies for applying bioclimatic architectural principles as design solutions that are responsive to local climate conditions. Through systematic literature analysis, it was found that architectural design that considers climatic factors can increase comfort for occupants and reduce dependence on artificial lighting and lighting systems. This article also discusses various strategies for applying bioclimatic principles, such as the placement of the building's core orientation, window openings, balconies, transitional spaces, wall design, landscape relationships, passive shading, and heat insulation on the floor, where the application of these strategies can help create a more beautiful building. sustainable and energy efficient. Therefore, the application of bioclimatic architecture is very important to create buildings that can adapt well and efficiently in tropical areas.  

This study aims to analyze the impact of visual content on Instagram on users’ psychological well-being, focusing on body image, Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), and life satisfaction. As Instagram usage increases, more users are exposed to visual content promoting certain beauty standards and ideal lifestyles that are often unattainable for many. This exposure drives social comparison and FoMO, triggering various adverse effects on psychological well-being, such as low self-confidence, anxiety, and dissatisfaction with oneself. This research employed survey methods and a literature review from relevant prior studies. Findings indicate that exposure to idealized visual content on Instagram significantly intensifies body image dissatisfaction and personal insecurity. On the other hand, findings also suggest that educational and inspirational content on Instagram has the potential to support psychological well-being, though its accessibility and popularity are often overshadowed by entertainment and lifestyle content. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for users to be more selective in their content consumption and the platform’s role in promoting positive content that supports psychological well-being. This approach

This study aims to examine the shift in Islamic political thought in Indonesia, from a formalistic approach to a substantive one, as well as the factors that drive this change. The formalistic approach, which emphasizes symbols and the rigid application of Islamic law in the state structure, is increasingly seen as irrelevant to the social-political dynamics of plural Indonesia. In contrast, the substantive approach, which focuses on achieving the social goals of Islam, such as justice and welfare, is considered more adaptable to the needs of modern society. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature review approach, analyzing various relevant sources to identify the paradigm shift in Islamic political thought. The findings indicate that this shift is largely influenced by social developments and political challenges faced by Indonesian society. The implications of these findings highlight the importance of adopting a substantive approach in formulating inclusive public policies that can strengthen social harmony in Indonesia. This approach also offers a new foundation for the development of Islamic political thought that is more relevant to the challenges of the times.

Poverty in Aceh Province is a significant challenge with variation between districts/cities due to differences in access to education, health, job opportunities, and infrastructure. This study aims to group districts/cities in Aceh based on poverty indicators in 2021 in order to produce a more targeted policy basis. The research data consists of 23 poverty indicators obtained from secondary sources. Cluster analysis is applied using hierarchical (average linkage) and non-hierarchical (K-Means) methods to identify poverty patterns between regions. The results of the hierarchical cluster show that there are two main groups, namely the first cluster has low poverty rates, higher education, strong purchasing power, and low unemployment, while the second cluster has the opposite characteristics. The non-hierarchical analysis (K-Means) produced five clusters with significant differences in poverty levels, labor force participation, education, and economy. These findings provide a basis for the Aceh government to design poverty alleviation policies that focus on the specific needs of each cluster to accelerate the improvement of welfare in all districts/cities in Aceh Province.

Designing illustrations in developing environmental socialization in developing children's awareness of social environmental problems. Illustrations are not just pictures but are also an effective communication tool. Illustrations are able to convey messages about protecting the environment in a way that is attractive to children. With a visual approach through illustrations, it can attract children's attention, enrich their learning experience, and trigger interest and participation in maintaining environmental curiosity. Apart from that, the role of illustration has been proven to be able to influence children's emotions regarding environmental problems, arouse their curiosity about new things, and deepen their understanding of the surrounding environment. Research methods that use an R&D approach focus on developing and evaluating illustration products to introduce children to the social environment, both in the school environment and in the family environment. The research results show that illustrations are very useful for children's socialization to make an important contribution in strengthening social interactions, triggering creativity, and deepening social relationships between children and their families or those around them.    

In the accelerating digital age, video thumbnails have become an important element in attracting users' attention and encouraging further interaction. Video thumbnails play an important role as a visual attraction to attract the audience. Graphic design strategies focus on elements such as creativity, color, typography, and illustration to create interesting and informative video thumbnails. Experimental research methods are used to test the effectiveness of new video thumbnail designs in improving user retention. This research focuses on improving YouTube user retention through the introduction of an innovative graphic design approach to video thumbnails. Research results show that an innovative graphic design approach can significantly improve YouTube user retention, demonstrating the importance of the role of graphic design in the context of digital marketing and social media user interactions. This study contributes significantly to the practice of graphic design and digital marketers in optimizing the user experience through interesting and informative video thumbnails.        

Analyzing the implications of business law on business ethics practices in Indonesia using library research methods. Data was collected from various literature sources relevant to the research topic. The results show that business law has an important role in shaping business ethics in Indonesia. Business law regulates the rights and obligations that arise from agreements and agreements in business practices. Factors underlying business law such as developments in national development, business ethics, internal and external factors and legal awareness influence the implementation of business law in ethical and responsible business practices. Solutions that can be provided to improve the implementation of business law and ethical business practices in Indonesia are by strengthening regulations, effective law enforcement, education, government collaboration with business, accountability, and the formation of an independent supervisory body. In improving the implementation of business law, it is hoped that it can create a fair, transparent and integrity business environment and make a positive contribution to economic development and social welfare in Indonesia.

In a company, it will always be connected to third parties and want to protect the company that is run honestly ("te goeder trouw"), so the legality of a company is important in business activities. The legality of a company or business entity is the most important element, because legality is the identity that legalizes or validates a business entity so that it is recognized by the public. The legality of the company must be valid according to laws and regulations, where the company is protected or covered by various documents until it is legal in the eyes of the law. Forms of Company Legality There are several types of identities that legalize a business entity, including: company name, company brand, and trade business license. While the benefits of company legality are as a means of legal protection, a means of promotion, proof of compliance with the law, making it easier to get a project and facilitating business development. The large number of companies that are established without legalizing the company is very detrimental to other companies that run their business activities honestly.

Russiva and Crookes proposed the widely used, highly efficient, robust Q-score parameter scale in their 1993 work, and they approximated it using "fast" Huber's M-scores. Shown What proposed us M-scores are highly efficient and robust on arbitrary nom distributions, thanks to correct choice parameter approximations. We pay particular attention to the Cauchy divisions  and cases of Gaussian distribution . Important terms: Cauchy's law, parameter scale, robustness, and Gaussian distribution With the Q-estimate as a foundation, the M-estimates of the scale parameter are very efficient and robust. Rousseeuw and Croux (1993) proposed the scale parameter of Q-estimate, which is often used with fast Huber M-estimates, and we were able to get rather close to it. By meticulously choosing the approximation parameters, we proved that the proposed M-estimates are efficient and resilient for any data distribution. In order to measure the robustness and efficiency of scale M estimates , we calculated their asymptotic variances; breakdown points , and influence functions. The Cauchy and Gaussian distributions were our main focus. Notably, the proposed robust estimate is consistent the Maximum likelihood estimation for the Cauchy distribution. Last but not least, these robust and efficient scale estimates need three to four times less computing time than their comparable Q-estimates. The research provides robust and efficient solutions for estimating distribution parameters more quickly and with less complexity, making them suitable for applications requiring fast and accurate computations.  

This research investigates school scope classification using Deep Neural Networks (DNN), focusing on students living environments and educational opportunities. By addressing the interplay of socioeconomic and educational factors, the study aims to develop an analytical framework for understanding how environmental contexts shape academic trajectories. The research provides a nuanced understanding of the importance of features in educational classification by developing DNN models based on Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient (SRCC). The methodology employs machine learning techniques, integrating data wrangling, exploratory analysis, and multiple DNN models with K-fold cross-validation. The study analyzes 677 student records from two schools. The research examined multiple model configurations. Results show that the 'All Data' model achieved 83.08% accuracy, the 'Top 5' model 81.54%, and the 'Non-Top 5' model 79.23%. The SRCC-based approach revealed that while top correlated features are important, additional variables significantly contribute to model performance. The study highlights the profound impact of family background, social environment, and educational contexts on school selection. Furthermore, it demonstrates DNN's capability to uncover intricate, non-linear relationships, offering actionable insights for policymakers to leverage machine learning's potential in developing targeted educational strategies.

In the situation of learning basic technical material for dribbling in the game of soccer in class VII of SMP Negeri 8 Paragalam, it was found that the majority of students had not completed the KKM, because conducting experiments by applying a reciprocal teaching style was expected to be a solution to this problem. This research aims to determine whether there is an influence of a reciprocal teaching style on the learning outcomes of dribbling soccer games for class VII students at SMA Negeri 8 Pagaralam. The method used is an experimental method with a one group pretest-posttest research design. The research population consisted of 30 students and samples were taken from a total population of 30 people. Data collection uses psychomotor skills sheets. Data analysis used SPSS paired sample t test. The research results stated that there was an influence of the reciprocal method on dribbling learning outcomes in class VII students at SMP Negeri 8 Pagaralam because tcount > ttable (10.926 > 1.69)

This research aims to understand in depth about mathematics and how teaching aids in learning, especially in mathematics subjects, help students understand abstract mathematical concepts. The literature study method (qualitative approach) in this research was also used for the ability to obtain information from various sources related to mathematics learning theory, the benefits of using teaching aids, and so on. This research also briefly explains how behaviorism, cognitivism and constructivism can enable students to build their understanding by increasing motivation by teachers and ensuring that the teaching aids used are effective both over time and in the learning process.

Character education is a systematic effort that aims to shape an individuals personality holistically, including moral, ethical and noble values aspects that are important for social life. In its implementation, character education is integrated into various subjects, extracurricural activities, and the school environment that supports the creation of an educational atmosphere that encourages good character development. This research aims to investigate character value and the impact of character education as well as challenges in implementing character education using qualitative research methods, which use article review. Based on the method use to gain an understanding of character education material through journal sources, articles and also objects relevant to the research. The research results include: (1) Definition of character education, (2) Objectives of character education, (3) Benefits of character education, (4) Main values in character education, (5) Challenges in character education, (6) Methods of implementing education character, (7) Character education in the digital era.

This qualitative literature review titled "The Power of Sequence: A Qualitative Analysis of Consumer Targeting and Spillover Effects in Social Media Advertising" investigates the strategic interplay between consumer targeting, the sequencing of advertisements, and the resultant spillover effects within social media marketing. As social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter continue to evolve as vital advertising channels, understanding how to optimize consumer engagement through targeted strategies is essential for brands aiming to maximize their advertising returns. This review synthesizes existing literature on consumer behavior, advertisement sequencing, and information diffusion to establish a comprehensive framework for enhancing the effectiveness of social media campaigns. Findings indicate that strategic sequencing of advertisements can significantly enhance click-through rates and conversions by leveraging positive spillover effects. Moreover, the review identifies best practices for targeting specific demographic groups and suggests that an optimal sequence can lead to substantial budget savings in advertising expenditures. This study contributes valuable insights for marketers seeking to refine their social media advertising strategies and improve overall campaign performance, paving the way for future research in this rapidly evolving field.

Distribution channels in a company play a very important role in ensuring that products or services produced by producers can reach final consumers efficiently and effectively. CV. Merauke Indah is one of the Sub Distributors located in Eastern Indonesia, namely in South Papua.  The recommended alternative to overcome these obstacles is to increase accessibility to remote areas. Collaborate with local logistics service providers such as SIKI express expeditions. The efficiency in logistics management. Optimize delivery routes to determine the most efficient path based on road and weather conditions to be more efficient. Regular market surveys can also be carried out to understand consumer needs in various regions and adjust stock in the warehouse according to the survey results. Improving distribution channels is also an important part. CV. Merauke Indah is advised to use multimodal transportation that combines land, sea, and air routes to overcome infrastructure limitations. Building warehouses in strategic locations such as Boven Diguel Regency and Mappi Regency will also speed up distribution and reduce dependence on poor road conditions.

This research aims to determine the influence of company size, Return On Equity, and Debt to Equity Ratio on company value in the property and real estate sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2019 - 2022. The method in this research is a quantitative method, namely analyzing and testing data using numbers with descriptive statistical test tools, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression tests, hypothesis tests, and determination tests. Research Results: firm size partially has no negative but significant effect on firm value, Return On Equity partially has a negative and significant effect on firm value, Debt to Equity Ratio partially has no effect but significant on firm value, the firm size, Return On Equity, and Debt to Equity Ratio simultaneously and significantly influence firm value.

The main cause of maternal mortality is bleeding (28%), as well as SDKI 2012 data shows that the highest cause of maternal mortality is bleeding (42%). This is due to three delays that occur, namely being late in recognizing the danger signs and making decisions; late arrival at health facilities; and late in getting services at health facilities. These three delays can be prevented by providing knowledge and understanding to pregnant women about danger signs in childbirth, if you experience immediately coming to the health center or health workers so that delays can be prevented, you immediately get help which can ultimately reduce the case of your death. The purpose of the activity is to increase the understanding and ability of pregnant women to recognize the danger signs of pregnancy early, immediately seek help so that mothers and babies are safe and have an impact on decreasing the Maternal Mortality Rate. The service method used in its implementation is the stage of preparation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of activities. The results of the activity were obtained to increase the knowledge of mothers and families about the danger signs in pregnancy, early detection of prevention and early actions that must be taken/handled to prevent maternal and child deaths.