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The development of information and communication technology has encouraged the world of education to adapt to the use of digital media in the learning process. One platform that can be utilized effectively is Google Sites, a free website creation service from Google that allows teachers and students to easily create web-based learning media. This article comprehensively discusses the use of Google Sites as a learning medium, including its advantages, disadvantages, and functions in supporting digital learning. In addition, this article also explains the systematic steps in creating a learning site using Google Sites, from planning to publishing the site. The results of the discussion show that Google Sites is a practical, flexible, and collaborative solution in supporting 21st century learning, especially in the context of blended learning and distance learning. Although it has limitations in design and interactivity, the advantages in integrating Google services and ease of use make this platform worthy of adoption in educational environments.

Low motivation to learn and limited conceptual understanding are significant challenges in learning biology at the junior high school level, especially in abstract material on the classification of living things. This study aims to analyze the influence of the use of animated videos on student learning motivation and learning outcomes. A quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design of one group pre-test and post-test was used in this study. The research sample consisted of 25 students in grade VIII of SMP Negeri 2 East Likupang. Data was collected through observation sheets to assess learning motivation and pre-test and post-test tests to evaluate learning outcomes. The results of the observation showed that the average motivation of students reached 86.32% in the outstanding category. The average pre-test score of 59.57 increased to 81.09 on the post-test, indicating a significant improvement in concept comprehension. The t-test corroborates these findings with a significant value at a 95% confidence level. These results show that animated videos can present a visualization of complex concepts in an engaging and contextual way, thereby increasing students' focus, active participation, and absorption of the material. In addition, the use of this media also supports the development of students' collaborative skills and critical thinking. This research confirms that animated videos are a strategic alternative in effective science learning, especially in school environments with limitations of conventional visual media. It is suggested that the application of this media be expanded to various materials and levels of education.

Cultural, ethnic, and religious diversity can create a unique educational landscape and demand an inclusive and responsive approach. In multicultural schools, the curriculum often intersects with multicultural education, which includes teaching about different cultures, history, global perspectives. The subjects taught not only focus on traditional academics but also must involve content that deeply understands how diversity influences thinking and action. To fulfill learning so that it can influence students' thinking and actions or attitudes, one of the things needed is to create inclusive education based on love. Inclusive education is one type of approach used in the world of education with an emphasis on the importance of acceptance and appreciation of diversity. In the implementation of inclusive education, the role of teachers is needed, one of which is a Christian religious education teacher. The role needed is how teachers apply compassion to students. Teachers can do this through teaching inclusive attitudes, loving attitudes, and teachers must also be role models. The purpose of inclusive education based on love is to carry out learning activities such as role playing, group discussions, and collaborative activities to help children develop attitudes, social skills, and emotions. In discussing the role of Christian religious education teachers in implementing inclusive learning based on love, the method used is a literature approach by collecting information from books and journals based on the discussion.

  Abstract. Interregional cooperation is a strategic approach to addressing cross-boundary development challenges, particularly in supporting the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study aims to examine the opportunities and challenges in implementing the Grebang Ratubangnegoro Kertowilangan cooperation, which involves 11 regencies/cities across East and Central Java. The research employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, by collecting and analyzing relevant academic articles from Google Scholar and other sources. This study is grounded in the Intergovernmental Relations theory by Agranoff and Radin (2014), which emphasizes the importance of collaboration and coordination across multiple levels of government in managing modern governance complexities, using five core principles as the analytical framework. The findings show that this cooperation has significant potential to accelerate infrastructure development, improve public service efficiency, and enhance regional economic competitiveness, especially in relation to SDG 11 and SDG 17. However, the initiative still faces major challenges, including weak institutional coordination, differing regional priorities, and limited resources. Therefore, strengthening institutional frameworks, establishing a joint secretariat, and integrating SDG indicators into interregional planning are recommended as strategic steps toward more effective and sustainable cooperation.

This research aims to analyze strategies for budget efficiency by strengthening collaborative governance in delivering social services by the Social Service Office of Surabaya City. A qualitative approach was used through a study of planning documents and local media reports from 2021 to 2024. Content analysis was applied to identify partnership patterns among government institutions, social organizations, communities, and businesses involved in the implementation of social programs. The findings reveal that such collaborations significantly reduce the fiscal burden on the government, expand service outreach for vulnerable groups, and reinforce the sustainability of social programs. The established partnerships also accelerate aid distribution, improve coordination, and encourage innovation through community-based participation amid regional fiscal constraints.

This Research aims to identify the role of of leadership in addressing and bridging differences of opinion between teachers and parents regarding the educational methods used. The goal is to create a harmonious collaboration to optimize children's development. The research method employed is library research, by collecting and analyzing various relevant literature sources to understand effective leadership strategies in building collaboration between families and schools. The findings indicate that effective leadership in early childhood education (ECE) settings must be able to accommodate diverse perspectives through open communication, collaborative activities, and the development of trust between schools and parents.

This paper analyzes bilateral cooperation between Indonesia and the UK in the field of cybersecurity. Cyber ​​threats are increasingly complex and require a collaborative approach that cannot be addressed independently by each country. Indonesia as a developing economy with high internet faces significant cyber dynamics, while the UK has technological advantages and mature cybersecurity experience. Using a descriptive qualitative analysis approach, this paper examines bilateral agreements, data, and related literature to understand the dynamics of this cooperation. Therefore, this paper shows that this cooperation is based on the strategic interests of both countries in maintaining regional and global security stability, as well as the rampant cyber threats in the current digital era. Indonesia chose the UK as its main partner because of its technological advantages in AI and digital innovation. This cooperation is implemented through personnel exchange mechanisms, technical training, and research and development collaboration.

This study explores the challenges and expectations faced by teachers in educating deaf students at SLB Negeri Keleyan. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews and observations to understand the real experiences of teachers in the learning process. The findings reveal that one of the main challenges is teaching students with total hearing loss from birth, which demands more time, creativity, and adaptation in instructional strategies. Teachers often adjust the curriculum based on the students’ individual abilities. Despite these difficulties, students show positive development when they receive consistent encouragement, emotional support, and recognition. Teachers express hope for improved training opportunities, especially in visual and adaptive teaching techniques, as well as better support from families and the government. Additionally, they highlight the importance of assistive learning tools and inclusive job opportunities after graduation. This study affirms that with collaborative support, deaf students have the potential to grow, learn, and contribute meaningfully to society.

The study analyzes the business strategy of UPC Pegadaian Pasar Bumiayu using the SERVO approach (Strategy, Environment, Resources, Values, Organization). The findings indicate that Pegadaian has developed adaptive and innovative strategies through service digitalization, sharia-based products, as well as public education and strategic partnerships. Both internal and external environments are managed responsively, utilizing human resources and technology effectively. Organizational values promote a collaborative work culture and inclusive leadership. The evaluation shows that the SERVO approach helps Pegadaian remain competitive and relevant in the modern financial industry.

Academic supervision is a crucial aspect of Islamic education management that plays a strategic role in enhancing the quality of curriculum implementation. This study aims to analyze the role of academic supervision in strengthening curriculum execution within Islamic educational institutions. The method employed is a qualitative literature review, examining various scholarly sources related to academic supervision and curriculum implementation in the context of Islamic education. The findings indicate that academic supervision functions not only as a monitoring mechanism but also as a process for professional development of teachers and adaptation of the curriculum to Islamic values. Systematic and collaborative supervision enhances teachers’ motivation and competence while ensuring the curriculum’s relevance to students’ needs and local contexts. The implications of this study underscore the importance of reinforcing academic supervision as a fundamental pillar in adaptive and sustainable Islamic education management, capable of addressing contemporary challenges without compromising religious values.

Islamic educational institutions play a crucial role in shaping students’ character based on Islamic values. However, the rapid development of the digital era presents both opportunities and challenges. This article aims to analyze the problems faced by Islamic educational institutions in adapting to the digital age and to offer practical solutions. The research identifies key issues such as outdated curricula, lack of professional human resources, limited digital infrastructure, and financial constraints. The findings suggest that to remain relevant, these institutions must integrate technology into the learning process, reform curriculum design, improve teachers' digital competencies, and ensure sustainable funding. This study emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts between schools, families, governments, and society in ensuring the advancement of Islamic education in a digitalized world.

The rapid development of the business world has driven increased complexity in competition, particularly in the retail sector which has experienced significant growth in various regions, including Tuban. In this context, the partnership between suppliers and department stores (toserba) becomes a strategic aspect that plays a crucial role in maintaining business continuity, operational efficiency, and customer satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the patterns of relationships between suppliers and department stores in Tuban, as well as to identify factors that support the success of such partnerships and their impact on operational performance and customer satisfaction. Using a qualitative descriptive approach based on library research, data were collected from various secondary sources such as scientific journals, books, and relevant publications. The results indicate that effective partnership relationships are characterized by open communication, high trust and commitment, close collaboration, and adaptation to digital transformation. Furthermore, a solid partnership between suppliers and department stores contributes to improving supply chain efficiency, reducing logistics costs, optimizing inventory management, and enhancing customer satisfaction through product availability and responsive service. This study provides valuable contributions to formulating sustainable collaborative strategies for local retail businesses to face increasingly competitive markets.

Emotional well-being is a crucial element in establishing a creative and inclusive learning environment at SMAN 1 Palangka Raya. This study explores the relationship between students' emotional well-being and its impact on creativity and engagement in the learning process. The findings indicate that an environment that supports emotional well-being can reduce anxiety, enhance motivation, and strengthen social interactions between students and teachers. Through an inclusive educational approach, students from diverse backgrounds can actively participate, creating a harmonious and collaborative atmosphere. Emotional well-being not only affects academic performance but also contributes to students' social and emotional development. Therefore, it is essential for schools to integrate strategies that promote emotional well-being into the curriculum and educational policies, thereby creating a better learning environment that supports holistic growth for students at SMAN 1 Palangka Raya.  

The Geopolitics 5.0 era has introduced a new paradigm in which artificial intelligence (AI), digital technology, and global power dynamics are reshaping traditional diplomatic practices. As a nation rooted in the Pancasila ideology, Indonesia faces complex challenges in upholding its principles of humanity, unity, and social justice amid increasingly competitive geopolitical shifts. This research aims to analyze the relevance of Pancasila as a strategic framework for Indonesia’s diplomatic efforts in responding to the challenges of Geopolitics 5.0, while formulating policy recommendations aligned with national values. The study employs a qualitative approach, analyzing content related to Indonesia’s foreign policy, government documents, and recent diplomatic case studies. Supporting data is drawn from academic literature, archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and reports from global think tanks. The findings demonstrate that Pancasila serves as a critical foundation for shaping Indonesia’s adaptive diplomacy, particularly through: (1) soft power strategies rooted in cultural and creative economic assets, (2) digital diplomacy that prioritizes cyber sovereignty and freedom, and (3) leadership in multilateral forums. Pancasila’s values not only remain relevant but also provide Indonesia with a strategic advantage in building principle-driven diplomacy in the Geopolitics 5.0 era. Policy recommendations include strengthening digital human resource capacity, fostering collaborative technology research, and advancing public diplomacy initiatives.

This community service program aims to enhance the design skills of local Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Cadassari Village, Purwakarta Regency, through the use of digital design software, particularly Canva and CorelDRAW. Initial needs assessment revealed that most MSME actors in the area face challenges in creating product visual identities, including logos, packaging, and promotional media. Using a participatory approach and the Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) method, the training program was collaboratively designed and implemented in several stages, including planning, technical training, mentoring, evaluation, and a final showcase. The results indicate a significant improvement in participants’ ability to apply design tools for their business needs, along with the emergence of collaborative learning initiatives among participants. This training program contributes to the digital empowerment of local MSMEs and serves as a replicable model for creative economy development based on community engagement.

Critical thinking skills are fundamental to everyday life and academics, allowing individuals to analyze information, evaluate arguments, and draw evidence-based conclusions. In the context of Christian Religious Education (PAK), critical thinking also has a theological dimension, where reason, as a divine gift, is renewed through Christ to understand divine truth and love God. Given this urgency, this study aims to explore how the implementation of the Team Based Learning (TBL) Model can improve the critical thinking skills of PAK students. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method through literature study, collecting and analyzing data from various journal articles and books. The results show that the TBL structure includes individual preparation, team discussion (IRAT/GRAT), problem-based concept application, and peer feedback and evaluation systematically encourage high-level cognitive processes. In conclusion, TBL has proven effective in improving the critical thinking skills of PAK students, while deepening their understanding of the material and their religious competence.

Christian Religious Education (PAK) has an important role in shaping the character, morals, and spirituality of students. In the digital era, PAK faces new challenges and opportunities. The main challenge is the lack of teacher readiness in using technology and the negative influence of the digital world. However, the digital era also opens up great opportunities through interactive learning media and wider accessibility. This study uses a literature review method to analyze digital transformation in PAK. The results show that the integration of technology in PAK must be supported by teacher training, relevant curriculum development, and collaboration between schools, churches, and families. With an innovative and collaborative approach, PAK can continue to be relevant and effective in strengthening the faith and character of students amidst the flow of modernization. PAK teachers need to utilize technology to enrich the learning experience, while maintaining Christian values. Collaboration between teachers, churches, parents, and students is the key to optimizing the benefits of technology and minimizing its negative impacts. Thus, PAK in the digital era is able to form a young generation that is technologically literate and steadfast in the Christian faith.

Cleanliness is a fundamental aspect of life that plays an important role in maintaining the health of individuals and society. The concept of cleanliness covers various aspects, starting from personal cleanliness, the environment, to the cleanliness of the residence. Research shows that good hygiene can prevent the spread of disease, improve quality of life, and create a comfortable and productive environment. However, challenges in maintaining cleanliness include lack of public awareness, limited access to sanitation facilities, and poor waste management. Therefore, collaborative efforts are needed from individuals, communities and governments to increase awareness of the importance of cleanliness through education, health campaigns and the provision of adequate facilities. By maintaining cleanliness, it is hoped that a healthier, more prosperous and sustainable life will be created.

At several levels of education, particularly at SMP Dewantara in Bekasi Regency, students continue to face difficulties in achieving satisfactory learning outcomes in the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subject. The predominantly lecture-based teaching style in class IX.A has not been effective in encouraging active student participation, resulting in low mastery of the subject matter. The aim of this study is to improve learning outcomes by integrating the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model into PAI instruction. This study involved 12 students from class IX.A as subjects and was conducted over two cycles using a collaborative Classroom Action Research (CAR) strategy. Data were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively through observations, tests, and interviews. Based on the collected data, students' average scores increased significantly from 76.67 before the intervention to 98.33 in the second cycle. Learning mastery also improved from 58% to 100%. By creating a more dynamic, collaborative, and real-world-relevant learning environment, the PBL approach proved effective in helping students gain a deeper understanding of the subject matter.

Computational thinking skills are now one of the main skills in 21st century education. Not only does it support mastery of technology, this ability is also very important in understanding and solving problems systematically. This study aims to review in depth the potential for utilizing Triangulos software as an innovative learning medium to improve students' computational thinking skills, especially in mathematical geometry material. The study used a literature review approach by tracing primary and secondary sources from 2020–2024. The results of the analysis show that the use of Triangulos can encourage students to develop algorithmic thinking patterns, spatial visualization, and problem-solving skills. In addition, this application also supports independent and collaborative learning, and has the potential to increase student motivation and activeness in class. These findings recommend the integration of Triangulos in mathematics learning as one of the efforts to innovate education in the digital era. Further empirical research is highly recommended to test the effectiveness of this application at various levels of education.