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Kindergarten provides early childhood education for children aged 0-6 years, aiming to develop their cognitive, social, and emotional skills through various educational approaches. This study examines the effect of using educational props, specifically flipbooks, and learning motivation on early reading skills in kindergarten children. A quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design was employed. The study involved two groups of kindergarten students: the experimental group, which used flipbooks, and the control group, which followed a conventional learning model. The results indicated that using flipbooks significantly improved early reading skills compared to the conventional method. Additionally, learning motivation was found to have a significant effect on reading ability. The interaction between using flipbooks and learning motivation demonstrated that their combination significantly enhanced children's reading ability. This study concludes that employing flipbooks and fostering students' learning motivation can improve the early reading skills of kindergarten children. Therefore, integrating flipbook and emphasizing learning motivation can have a significant and positive impact on early reading comprehension skills in kindergarten students, both individually and synergistically.

Teaching using effective learning strategies is very necessary to improve student learning outcomes in the learning process. Educators need to choose interesting strategies so that students do not feel bored and learning remains active and enjoyable. One strategy that can be applied is Crossword puzzles, which allows students to learn in a fun way without reducing the essence of learning, thereby increasing their enthusiasm and enthusiasm. This study aims to determine the application and effect of the Crossword puzzle learning strategy on the learning outcomes of grade III students on theme 6 subtheme 1 at MI Al Hikmah Jatiasih. This study uses a quantitative approach with a Quasi Experiment design and a Non-equivalent control group design model. The research sample consisted of 70 grade III students. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that the average post-test score in the experimental class was 81.56, while in the control class it was 72.15, which showed a significant difference in results. The independent sample t-test showed a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.007, which was smaller than 0.05, so it can be concluded that there was a significant difference between student learning outcomes in the experimental class and the control class.

Project-Based Learning is a learning model that uses projects as the core of learning (Permendikbud, 2014:20). This learning model is an innovative learning model that involves project work where students work independently in constructing their learning and culminating it in real products (Nanang Hanafiah and Cucu Suhana, 2009:30). Project Based Learning learning model is a learning strategy where students must build their own content knowledge and demonstrate new understanding through various forms of representation (NYC Department of Education 2009:8). characteristics of the PJBL Learning Model The Project Based Learning, learning model was developed based on the level of development of students' thinking, centered on students' learning activities so as to enable them to carry out activities according to their skills, comfort and learning interests. This model gives students the opportunity to determine for themselves the project they will work on, both in terms of formulating questions to be answered, choosing topics to research, and determining research activities to be carried out. The teacher's role in learning is as a facilitator, providing materials and work experience, encouraging students to discuss and solve problems, and ensuring students remain enthusiastic while they carry out the project.   Keywords: project-based learning model

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the Effect of Contextual Teaching And Learning Model on Students' Cognitive Learning Outcomes on Theme 5 Subtheme 3 Class III SDN Batang-Batang Daya II. This research is a quantitative study that uses the experimental method, with a Pre-Experimental design using the One-Group Pre-Test Post-Test Design. Data collection was carried out using the sampling method from the population. The number of students sampled was 21 students. Data was collected through giving Pre-Test and Post-Test questions. The results showed that the application of the Contextual Teaching and learning (CTL) learning model had a significant impact on student learning outcomes. The significance level of the results of the Paired sample T-Test test shows a value of 0.000, this indicates that there is a significant difference found in the effect. Based on the testing criteria if the Sig. (2-tailed) <0.05 (0.000<0.05) then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. This means that there is a significant influence in the application of the Contextual Teaching And Learning Model on Students' Cognitive Learning Outcomes on Theme 5 Subtheme 3 Class III SDN Batang-Batang Daya II.

One of the causes of low student learning outcomes is the use of learning models that are monotonous and tend to be boring, so innovation in learning is needed. The integration of technology into the education and learning process reflects an innovative effort. One model that can make it easier for students to understand and can support technological developments is the blended learning model. Quipper School is an online learning platform that can be used in the blended learning model. This research aims to determine whether or not there is an influence of the blended learning model using Quipper School on the mathematics learning outcomes of class XI MA Nurul Jadid students. This research is quantitative research with a quasi experimental type. The subjects in this research were class XI MIPA 2, totaling 23 people as the experimental class and class XI MIPA 4, totaling 23 people as the control class. Based on the results of the Mann-Whitney U Test, it was found that Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 is smaller than 0.05, meaning that  is rejected and  is accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence from the blended learning model using Quipper School on the mathematics learning outcomes of class XI MA Nurul Jadid students.

This research aims to find out: (1) The role of Pancasila Education teachers in improving the character of grade I students at SDIT Persada (2) How teachers apply religious, disciplined, and responsible character values. This research is qualitative research through descriptive analysis methods. The primary data sources in the research are Pancasila Education teachers in class I and students of grade I SDIT Persada Bayat. Research instruments use observation, interviews, and documentation. This research uses data validity and credibility testing using triangulation. The data analysis techniques used in this study use Miles and Huberman analysis models consisting of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and inference. The results of research conducted at SDIT Persada Bayat can show that: (1) Teachers act as educators, teachers, learning resources, supervisors, demonstrators, motivators and evaluators in improving the character of students. Where the role of the teacher is very influential on improving the character of students in the learning process and outside the learning process. (2) Religious values, discipline and responsibility are strongly emphasized in the school environment. This value must also be formed in the family environment, and in school continue what is already formed from home.

Learning Javanese is included in learning ethics or politeness values, so it is very important to teach it in the world of education. As a tool to attract students' attention and want to learn Javanese, namely by developing learning media in the form of audio pop-up books. This research aims to explain: (1) the process of developing audio pop-up book, (2) the quality of audio pop-up book, (3) student responses to audio pop-up book learning media as a learning medium for uploading Javanese language material at SMP Negeri 2 Pare. This research uses research and development (R&D) methods with a four-D (4D) development model. The resulting data is in the form of oral and written. The data collection techniques used were observation, questionnaires and interviews. The instruments used were observation sheets, questionnaire sheets, and interview sheets. The results of this research are the product manufacturing process starting from needs analysis, product manufacturing plans, to the results of product development. to the final product. Validation from experts received a total percentage of 93.4% and total student responses received a percentage of 91.9% which was included in the "very suitable" category for use.

The purpose of this research is to find out how the Application of Children Learning In Science (CLIS) Learning Model in Civic Education Learning on the Material of Encouraging and Inhibiting Factors of National Unity and Unity for Students of Class XI IPS at MA Darul Ihsan Samarinda. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. The research subjects were the Principal, Civics Teacher, homeroom teacher, and students of MA Darul Ihsan Samarinda. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman model. Data validity using data triangulation. The results showed that the application of the learning model (CLIS) in learning civic education was well received by teachers and students, with a percentage of 61.22% agreeing from 20 respondents as reinforcement, besides that it made students able to argue and made learning less boring. In learning civic education, there are supporting factors including the availability of facilities and infrastructure and also adequate teaching staff, besides that, there are inhibiting factors including the unavailability of facilities and infrastructure such as LCDs that are not yet available in several classes so that it takes time to prepare for learning. This can make learning hours wasted. Efforts that must be made by the school to overcome problems in the learning process are to improve skills and complete school facilities.

This research is based on the ability to collaborate which is an ability that students must have. Collaboration skills, what teachers must do to improve collaboration skills is to apply various learning models that adapt to students' needs. The Group Investigation type learning model is a learning model that focuses on students' collaboration abilities. The success of a learning process can be measured by the success of students in participating in the learning process.This research aims to explore the application of the group investigation model in an educational context and measure its impact in improving the collaboration abilities or skills of class XI students at SMA Negeri 11 Samarinda. The object of this research is all students in class XI C of SMA Negeri 11 Samarinda, totaling 36 students. This research is a qualitative descriptive type of research. The research method used in this research is a qualitative research method with a system of field observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used in this research is analysis.The concept of group investigation learning is learning that emphasizes students gaining knowledge through learning experiences. The group investigation type learning model has six stages, namely selecting topics, planning collaboration, implementing plans, analysis and synthesis, presenting work results, and evaluation.The collaboration ability of students in class And the results of interviews with students show that students have good collaboration or cooperation skills in completing the topic/material given.The advantage of the Group Investigation type Cooperative Learning learning model in class can improve students' ability to collaborate or work together and students can learn to solve problems that arise during the learning process.The weakness of the Group Investigation type Cooperative Learning learning model in class XI SMA Negeri 11 Samarinda namely, the material presented will be less because the learning time is short, the teacher will have difficulty giving individual grades, and the class atmosphere will be noisy due to discussions.

Mathematics is a universal science that underlies the development of modern technology, plays an important role in various scientific disciplines, and human thinking abilities. The view that mathematics is a science that trains thinking. The Creative Problem Solving learning model is a learning model that focuses on teaching and Problem Solving skills. Digital teaching materials are use digital devices, such as computers, smartphones. The aim of this research is to see the validity, practicality and effectiveness of the e-module being developed. This teaching material development model uses the ADDIE model. This research was carried out at SMP Negeri 21 Medan which is located on Jl. Rampe Raya flower. The time for the panel research is the even semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. The subjects of this research were class VII students at SMP Negeri 21 Medan. Meanwhile, the object of this research is learning media in the form of e-modules using flipbooks based on Creative Problem Solving. The e-module was declared very valid with a score of 3.56 and was categorized as very feasible. The e-module was declared practical with a percentage of 92.67% and was categorized as very practical. The e-module was declared effective by achieving Problem Solving indicators in indicators 1, 2, 3 and 4 with 65% of students completing the learning. The achievement of classical student indicators has met 65% of students who took part in learning with a score of 75. And there was a significant increase in indicators 1, 2, 3, and 4.

Faculty The Faculty of HOLS Hospitality School faces challenges in manual administration, such as accumulating registration data, difficulty in data retrieval, risk of data loss, administrative inaccuracies, and time-consuming registration and attendance processes, increasing the risk of administrative errors. To address these issues, researchers designed a web-based information system using the waterfall model and PHP programming language. This system allows students to mark attendance using a QR code within a 5-meter radius, mentors to reschedule classes quickly and easily, and administrators to control administrative data accurately and efficiently. The result of this research is an information system product that facilitates academic administration management at HOLS Hospitality School, supports e-learning facilities, and simplifies coordination between students, mentors, and administrators.

The aim of this research is to determine the positive and significant influence of the Means Ends Analysis learning model on the active learning of Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of class XI students at SMA Negeri 1 Simanindo for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research method used is a quantitative method with inferential statistics. The population is all class Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 40 items, namely 24 items for variable Negeri 1 Simanindo for the 2023/2024 academic year, proven through the following data analysis: 1) Test analysis requirements: a) positive relationship test obtained by the value rxy = 0.712 > rtable(a=0.05,n=46) = 0.291. b) Testing a significant relationship obtained tcount= 6.726> ttable(a=0.05, dk=n-2=44)= 2.021. 2) Test the effect: a) Test the regression equation, obtained the regression equation Y ̂=20.23+0.37X. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 50.7%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(a=0.05, dk numerator k=31, dk denominator=n-2=46-2=44) namely 45.264 > 1.51. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.  

This research is classroom action research, this research was conducted in class X6 of SMA Negeri 8 Denpasar. Based on the researcher's initial observations at SMA Negeri 8 Denpasar, several problems were found that affected student learning outcomes, especially physical fitness material. As an alternative to solving existing problems, researchers provide a solution in the form of putting into practice a cooperative learning model of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) type with the aim of improving the physical fitness results of class X6 students. This investigation is classroom action research, this investigation was carried out in class X6 of SMA Negeri 8 Denpasar. A population of 45 people was used, and the entirety was used as a sample. The cycle in this research was carried out until it reached completion in accordance with the KKTP that had been determined at SMA Negeri 8 Denpasar, namely 75. After implementing the STAD type cooperative learning model, the average final score of students increased beyond the KKTP that had been determined.  It can be concluded that the application of the STAD type cooperative learning model can improve physical fitness learning outcomes in class X6 students at SMA Negeri 8 Denpasar.

This research aims to improve students' understanding of learning in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subjects through the application of the Direct Instruction learning model. Direct Instruction is a structured and systematic teaching method, which aims to provide direct and clear instructions to students. In this research, an experiment was carried out in a middle school involving two groups of students: an experimental group that used the Direct Instruction model and a control group that used conventional learning methods. The research results showed that students taught using the Direct Instruction model experienced a significant increase in understanding compared to students taught using the conventional method. This is shown by an increase in comprehension test scores before and after intervention in the experimental group. In addition, observations and interviews with students show that the Direct Instruction model helps them understand the material more effectively and increases involvement in the teaching and learning process. The conclusion of this research is that the Direct Instruction learning model is effective in increasing students' learning understanding in PAI subjects. Implementation of this model can be an alternative for teachers to improve the quality of learning and students' understanding of the subject matter.

This study compares the performance of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms in detecting and classifying smoking activities. Using an image dataset containing two classes, Smoking and Non-Smoking, this research implements transfer learning using the InceptionResNetV2 model for CNN and the SVM method. Evaluation results show that CNN has higher accuracy compared to SVM in detecting smoking activities. This research contributes to the development of surveillance systems for smoke-free areas in smart cities.

This research aims to, (1) To determine the ability to write reviews in class XI students of SMA Negeri 8 Medan using the Conventional model, (2) To determine the ability to write reviews in class ) To determine the effect of the 5E Learning Cycle model on the ability to write reviews in class XI students at SMA Negeri 8 Medan. The population in this study were all class XI students, totaling 309 people. The sample consisted of 65 people who were divided into two classes, namely the control class with 32 people and the experimental class with 33 people. The instruments used in this research are the title, book identity, outline of the book's contents, book advantages, book weaknesses, closing review, spelling and punctuation, and neatness of writing. This research uses a two group test design experimental method using a quantitative approach. The data analysis techniques used are analysis requirements tests, normality tests, and hypothesis tests. The research results in writing reviews using the conventional model are in the fair category with an average value of 62. Meanwhile, the research results in writing reviews using the Learning Cycle 5E model are in the good category with an average value of 74. Through hypothesis testing, a t count of 18 is obtained. .05 > t table 1.66, this proves that there is a significant influence from the use of the Learning Cycle 5E model on the ability to write reviews in class XI students at SMA Negeri 8 Medan for the 2023/2024 academic year.    

The purpose of this research is to create learning media with the help of MtestM application about German language students' knowledge of listening skill A1 topic "Kennenlernen (sich vorstellen)". This research was conducted at the Language Laboratory of the Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan. This research uses Richey and Klein's model which consists of three stages, namely (1) research, (2) development, (3) evaluation. The data of this research are words, texts, sentences about "Kennenlernen" from the book Netzwerk Deutsch als Fremdsprache A1 Kursbuch by Stefanie Dengler, Paul Rusch, Helen Schmitz and Tanja Sieber pages 8-17. This interactive quiz is interesting and varied. The results of this study are German learning media and interactive quizzes for mastering the A1 listening skill 'Introducing oneself' with the help of MtestM.

Action research in the classroom (PTK) is being conducted in this study with the goal of helping students become more proficient writers of recon texts and replies to learning activities for the classroom. However, the study has not yet met the success requirements. The class average reaching a minimal level of 80 as the limit value for the minimum completeness criteria (KKM) with completion being primarily 75%, is one of the success markers that have not been met. Using the Project Based Learning (PJBL) approach helps improve students' motivation and text-writing skills. Recon for SMK Negeri 1 Sukawati's class X TKJ pupils for the 2022–2023 school year. 2. Using the Project Based Learning (PJBL) approach can boost the positive feedback that students in class X TKJ provide.  

This research aims to improve students' mathematical problem solving abilities by using a learning model Think Aloud Pair Problem Solving (TAPPS) with the help of animated videos. The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Sumbul involving 36 class X-G students as research subjects. The type of research used is classroom action research (PTK) with steps, namely, providing an initial test to measure students' mathematical problem solving abilities before taking action, identifying problems in the classroom, planning action, implementing action, namely applying the TAPPS learning model (Think Aloud Pair Problem Solving) With the help of animated videos as a medium for conveying summaries of learning material, observation, giving post tests, data analysis and data reflection.  The research was carried out in 2 cycles where each cycle included two meetings, while observation activities were carried out simultaneously with the implementation of actions with the aim of observing the activities of researchers and students during learning activities. The research results showed that after the first cycle of research was carried out, the average student score from the pretest results to the first cycle posttest results increased from 52.56 to 72.94 with the average observation of student and researcher activities being 2.38 and 2.38. In the second cycle, students' mathematical problem solving abilities increased based on the average student score on posttest II, namely 84.62, the results of observations in the second cycle also improved better to 3.23 for student activities and 3.44 for researchers' ability to manage class, apart from that 34 out of 36 students (94%) obtained scores above the KKM (70). These results show that students' mathematical problem solving abilities increased after implementing the TAPPS learning model (Think Aloud Pair Problem Solving) Assisted by animated videos.

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the jigsaw type cooperative learning model for class The research method used is a quantitative method. The data collection technique used is in the form of test questions and observations. The data obtained in this research are the learning results of students at SMAN 6 Lhoksemawe. The sample in this research was all class XI students of SMAN 6 Lhokseumawe. Data analysis techniques in this research use normality tests, homogeneity tests, and hypothesis tests. Based on the research results, it was found that student learning outcomes increased by 61.87% in the medium category. This can show that the jigsaw type cooperative learning model is quite effective.