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Abstract The purpose of this study deals with the effect of snowball throwing model in ability to writing recount text at class X in SMA Negeri Lawe Sumur Academic Year 2021/2022. Its objective is to find out whether the use snowball throwing model has a significance effect in writing recount text. Population and samples used in this study were all students of class X total 36 students. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a one group as pretest and posttest design .This study was carried on using quantitave method. The data was analysed by using t-test. The researcher found the pretest mean = 50,97 , deviation standard = 2,87 and experienced an increase in the posttest mean = 78,47, deviation standart = 3,69. From this analysis, writer found that guided snowball throwing model has significane in teaching writing recount text. It can be proved by the result of the analysis showed that “ ” observed about 35,26 was higher than “ttable” about 2,030 with the level significance is 0,05% it implies that the teacher of English should use snowball throwing model in teaching writing recount text so that the teaching and learning process can be successful

Abstract. This study deals with the use picture word inductive model to improve students’ descriptive text writing class VII SMP Negeri 3 Kutacane Academic Year 2021/2022. Its objective is to find out whether the use picture word inductive model has a significance effect in writing descriptive text.Population used in this study of class VII were 87 and samples used in this study were 28 students. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a one group as pretest and posttest design .This study was carried on using quantitave method. The data was analysed by using t-test.The researcher found the pretest mean = 44,64 , deviation standard = 6,37 and experienced an increase in the posttest mean = 78,57 deviation standart = 4,05. From this analysis, writer found that guided picture word inductive model has significane in teaching writing descriptive text. It can be proved by the result of the analysis showed that “ ” observed about 23,73 was higher than “ttable” about 2,052 with the level significance is 0,05% it implies that the teacher of English should use picture word inductive model in teaching writing descriptive text so that the teaching and learning process can be successful.

This study aims to describe the stages of development and feasibility of teaching materials assisted by the Filmorago application for class VII description text material. The use of the Borg and Gall model in this study modified by Sugiyono, namely through the potential and problem analysis stage, data collection, product design, design validation, revision and trial stage. The validation stage included material expert lecturers and media expert lecturers to evaluate the feasibility of the material and the feasibility of the media. The sample of this study was 31 students of class VII of SMP Swasta Musyawarah Perbulan. Data collection techniques with interviews and questionnaires. The research instrument is a questionnaire sheet for validation of material experts and media experts using Likert scale calculations. Data analysis using qualitative descriptive analysis. The research shows that the product of the teaching material for description text assisted by the Filmorago application gets research results with the criteria "Very Good" with an average of 90%, with the results of the material expert validator of 85% with Very Good criteria" As well as the results of the media expert validator of 90% with the criteria "Very Good" The results of the product trial received a score from the teacher of 96% with the criteria "Very Good" and a student assessment of 90% with the criteria "Very Good". Therefore, class VII description text-assisted teaching materials are very feasible to use in learning.

Indonesia has about 81,000 km of coastline making coastal areas of great significance to the Indonesian economy. Development in coastal areas is very important to provide an improved quality of life to coastal communities with the development of health services, education, infrastructure to places of worship such as mosques/mushola. The platform structure of a floating mosque or mushola building is unique in its platform part, which resembles a building on stilts. Based on the data obtained, the majority of students do not understand the type of floating building construction. Therefore, product development on the construction of floating prayer rooms with interactive augmented reality (AR) based learning media using the Assemblr Studio application and developed with the 4D model consisting of the stages of define, design, develop, and disseminate. The product in the form of this media is intended to display a 3D model in the form of an architecturally floating mushola building with illustrations of the surrounding environment, displaying a 3D model in the form of a structure of a floating mushola building along with its explanation, displaying supporting videos in the form of building renderings and structural development stages of a floating mushola building. This learning media has gone through validity testing by material experts and media experts and obtained a feasibility score of 4.14 (predicate feasible) for the material validation test and obtained a feasibility score of 4.17 (predicate very feasible) for the media validation test.

Learning about traffic signs has been carried out since elementary school level. The right learning model will certainly make it easier for students to absorb the material and make it easier for students to understand and remember it. The Probing Prompting learning model is a learning model that can be applied to traffic sign material. This article uses a descriptive method with literature study techniques.

This research aims to increase the activeness and learning outcomes of students in Physics lessons using the Teams Games Tournament type cooperative learning model in class 4 of SD Negeri Tamansari 2 with a total of 24 students. Data was collected using the observation method and a final test in the form of testing Quantity and Unit questions which had been tested for validity, and the level of difficulty using descriptive techniques through percentages and student learning outcomes by calculating the average score and learning completion both individual and classical. The results of data analysis showed that there was an increase in the percentage of student activity in cycle 1 from 65% (quite active) to 85% (very active) in cycle 2. Meanwhile, the learning outcomes of students who achieved completeness increased from cycle 1 by 55%, in cycle 2 by 55%. 88% and student response to the implementation of the TGT type cooperative learning model was 85% (very positive). This research concludes that the use of the cooperative learning model can increase the activity and learning outcomes of grade 4 students at Tamansari 2 State Elementary School    

Fraud detection is used in various industries, including banking institutes, finance, insurance, government agencies, etc. Recent increases in the number of fraud attempts make fraud detection crucial for safeguarding financial information that is confidential or personal. Many types of fraud problems exist, including card-not-present fraud, fake Marchant, counterfeit checks, stolen credit cards, and others. An ensemble feature selection technique based on Recursive feature elimination (RFE), Information gain (IG), and Chi-Squared (X2) in concurrence with the Random Forest algorithm, was proposed to give research findings and results on fraud detection and prevention. The objective was to choose the essential features for training the model. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Score, Accuracy, F1 Score, and Precision are used to evaluate the model's performance. The findings show that the model can differentiate between fraudulent transactions and those that are not, with an ROC Score of 95.83% and an Accuracy of 99.6%. The F1 Score of 99.6%% and precision of 100% further sustain the model's ability to detect fraudulent transactions with the least false positives correctly. The ensemble feature selection technique reduced training time and did not compromise the model's performance, making it a valuable tool for businesses in preventing fraudulent transactions.

The learning model is a form of learning that is depicted from start to finish which is presented typically by the teacher. In other words, a learning model is a wrapper or frame for the application of a learning approach, method and technique. This writing uses the library research method, where the library research method is a method carried out using literature in the form of books, notes or reports of research results from previous research. The author has made observations at SD IT Al Hijrah and conducted an interview with one of the teachers in order to obtain valid information. Planning can also be defined as a way to anticipate and balance change. According to Uno, this definition assumes that change always occurs. Environmental changes must always be anticipated so that changes are balanced with changes in learning in schools or madrasas. Thus, planning has three meanings. First, planning is an effort to find a future form and an effort to achieve it. Second, planning means efforts to eliminate the gap between the present situation and the future. Third, planning is an effort to change conditions so that they are in line with changing environmental conditions.

The learning model is a form of learning that is depicted from start to finish which is presented typically by the teacher. In other words, a learning model is a wrapper or frame for the application of a learning approach, method and technique. This writing uses the library research method, where the library research method is a method carried out using literature in the form of books, notes or reports of research results from previous research. The author has made observations at SD IT Al Hijrah and conducted an interview with one of the teachers in order to obtain valid information. Planning can also be defined as a way to anticipate and balance change. According to Uno, this definition assumes that change always occurs. Environmental changes must always be anticipated so that changes are balanced with changes in learning in schools or madrasas. Thus, planning has three meanings. First, planning is an effort to find a future form and an effort to achieve it. Second, planning means efforts to eliminate the gap between the present situation and the future. Third, planning is an effort to change conditions so that they are in line with changing environmental conditions.

This article discusses the application of the Classroom Action Research (PTK) method with the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model to improve learning outcomes in measurement material in elementary schools. The PTK method is an effective approach in identifying learning problems, formulating solutions, and testing their effectiveness directly in the classroom. The PBL model, as a student-centered learning approach, has been proven effective in improving student learning outcomes in measurement material in elementary schools. In the context of measurement, the application of the PBL model is expected to strengthen students' understanding of basic measurement concepts, such as units of measurement, measuring tools, and their application in the context of everyday life. PBL offers a student-centered learning approach, which not only helps students understand mathematical concepts, but also encourages active involvement, problem solving, and the development of critical thinking skills.

The influence of the development of Science and Technology (IPTEK) on the world of education, so that both teachers and students are required to always adapt to existing developments. Technology is the result of knowledge originating from the world of education therefore the world of education should utilize technology to increase efficiency in learning. Chemistry among students is still considered material that is difficult to understand. One of its attractions is the abstract nature of chemical material. Chemistry learning does not only include theoretical learning but also includes practical activities. This research was carried out to determine the effect of using a virtual laboratory on students' skills during direct practicum. The method used in this research is a quantitative method that uses a lot of numbers, starting from data collection, interpretation of the data and presentation of the results. A total of 52 students in class XI, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences at SMA Negeri 1 Sliyeg. Presenting the results in the form of a representative table will increase the reader's level of understanding and make it easier to access information. Virtual laboratories help students understand the practical process. Based on the results of data analysis obtained from filling out the questionnaire, it was found that 78.8% or the majority of students answered agreeing that the virtual laboratory had an effect on increasing pH testing. This proves that the use of virtual laboratories can be a way out so that when doing direct practicum students do not experience difficulties and the practicum runs more effectively.

This research has the aim of knowing how the effect of role playing learning on increasing social studies learning motivation in 6th grade students of SD Bojong Salam 4. This study uses an experimental method. or experiment. Based on quantitative data analysis, it can be concluded that this role playing learning model has a significant effect on increasing students' learning motivation.

Academic self-efficacy is a belief based on students' self-confidence in their ability to complete academic assignments, achieve desired academic results, and achieve optimal results. In general, this research aims to identify the low academic self-efficacy of class XII students at SMA Negeri 3 Payakumbuh. This research was carried out in Class XII MIPA 2. Qualitative methodology using descriptive designs or patterns was used in this research. Interviews and observations are the data collection methods used. An interactive model that includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions is used in this research. Although low effort, task avoidance, and inability to complete assignments are characteristics of students' low academic self-efficacy, research reveals that internal factors such as lack of enthusiasm, lack of learning motivation, and lack of learning ability, among others, are the factors that actually cause self-efficacy. low student academic self. causes low student academic self-efficacy. External factors include students not listening to instructions from classmates and homeroom teachers, as well as a lack of guidance from homeroom teachers, which can cause students to give up too quickly, cheat, and lose interest in learning. The role of the Guidance and Counseling instructor is to provide individual and group counseling.

One of the important skills for learning Arabic is the ability to write, or mahar al-kitabah. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the theories that support the scientific learning of Arabic writing skills. Methodologically, this paper is descriptive qualitative by investigating various relevant sources. The results of the study show that mastery of linguistic elements such as vocabulary, grammar, and writing rules is necessary to master writing skills. Students must also go through various steps, such as modeling, getting guidance, and independent writing, to achieve the learning objectives. By understanding this idea, it is hoped that the learning and teaching of maharah al-kitabah can be improved in educational institutions.

Hidden curriculum emphasizes the development of affective aspects and students' self-actualization as a model for achieving learning goals. This research investigates the implementation of a hidden literacy curriculum in an online learning context, with a focus on program preparation, implementation, and completion. The aim of this research is to revive the nation's literacy spirit for Indonesia's future progress. The method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach to describe directly how the situation and implementation process takes place. Through analysis of literacy needs and selection of relevant materials, this program preparation creates a solid foundation. The implementation of this hidden curriculum emphasizes literacy orientation, integrated activities, and individual support to increase student participation and development of literacy skills. Literacy final projects, self-evaluations, and portfolio creation provide concrete evidence of students' literacy achievements, while evaluations of program effectiveness guide subsequent improvements. Overall, this research provides insight into how hidden curriculum literacy can shape students as independent learners who are able to apply literacy in their daily lives.

Studying biology serves as a means to enhance understanding, abilities, perspectives, principles, and ecological accountability. Biology is the scientific discipline that seeks to understand the natural world. Learning biology entails more than simply acquiring factual knowledge, concepts, or principles; it is also an exploratory endeavor. This research aims to discuss problem-based learning (PBL), which can improve the learning outcomes of class XI biology students on plant tissue material and can be used as an alternative learning model. This research uses classroom action research (PTK), which includes four stages: planning, implementing actions, observation,  and reflection, which aim to improve the learning process. PTK is an activity that involves testing an idea in practice, which can improve and increase the quality of the teaching and learning process. The application of the PBL model was able to improve student learning outcomes, especially in biology subjects with plant tissue material for class XI students at SMA N 2 Langowan. During the pre-cycle, the average value was 5.7. In cycle I, it climbed to an average value of 7.3. In cycle II, it further increased to an average value of 8.4. Meanwhile, the completeness of student learning outcomes in the pre-cycle was 20%, while in the first cycle, it was 67%, then grew again in the second cycle, specifically 87%. Based on the aforementioned research findings, it can be inferred that the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model has led to an improvement in the academic performance of Biology students at SMAN 2 Langowan.  

This research ais to descrribe implementation of the Masteryy Learning Mode in teaching writing of advertisements, posters, and slogans in the eighth-grade class at SMPN 17 Semarang. The research method employs a qualitative descriptive approach, focusing on variables such as mastery learning, advertisements, slogans, and posters. The sample consists of one Indonesian language teacher and 30 eighth-grade students selected through purposive sampling. Data collection involves observation, Student Worksheets (LKPD), interviews, and documentation. The results indicate the effectiveness of the model's implementation, characterized by structured steps, a crucial role for the teacher, and active student involvement. Formative evaluation also aids in students' understanding and prepares them for higher levels.  

Every activity is bound to be presented with obstacles, this research describes the obstacles to the solutions suggested by the researchers. Based on the research results, extracurricular activities are divided into 2 (two) parts, namely mandatory and optional extracurricular activities. This is in the Minister of Education and Culture Regulation Number 63 of 2014 concerning extracurricular activities in educational units. One of the extracurricular activities that must be implemented at every level is the Scout Education extracurricular as implemented in the 2013 curriculum. Scout Education plays a role as a vehicle for complementary activities in the learning process with the aim of forming and developing student character. In the implementation of Scout Education extracurricular activities there are 3 (three) models, namely the Block Model, Actualization Model and Regular Model. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative method, namely the research results are presented descriptively.  

This research uses a quasi-experimental method with a pretest and post-test control group design research design. This research uses the Numbered Head Together Cooperative Learning model to improve student learning outcomes at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano for the 2022/20223 academic year. The sample in this study was class. The average post-test score obtained in the experimental class was 87.7, and the average in the control class was 78.1. The data analysis technique used is the t-test with the condition that the data comes from a normally distributed and homogeneous population—test normality using the Lililefors test and homogeneity. Based on the hypothesis of the research statistical data, a tcount of 2,730 was obtained. Based on the ttable with α=0.005 and degrees of freedom (dk) = n1 + n2 -2 =20+20-2= 38, By looking at the ttable, we get ttable = 1.688. So tcount is greater than ttable, namely tcount = 2,730 > ttable = 1,688. Thus, according to the test criteria, if tcount > ttable, then H0 is rejected, so hypothesis H1 is accepted, and it is concluded that there is an influence of using the Numbered Head Together model on student learning outcomes in the human respiratory system material at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano.

This study aims to find out the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) models on students' learning soup chapter outcomes in Class XI of Culinary at SMKN 1 Lamongan. The type of research used is a quasi-experimental with a non-equivalent control group research design. The sample was two classes, including an experimental class and a control class with 53 students in  Class XI of Culinary at SMKN 1 Lamongan. Data instruments were obtained by pre-test and post-test. The data analysis technique uses an independent sample t-test test with SPSS 25. The t-test independent test results for post-test showed that the value of Sig. For 0.020, which means the significance is <0.05. It can be said that there is a significant difference in the mean. Thus, it can be concluded that there is an effect of problem-based learning model on the learning results in Class XI of Culinary at SMKN 1 Lamongan.