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This study erxaminers ther influerncer of library facility and infrastructurer managermernt on studernt satisfaction at Sterlla Maris Loli Catholic Privater Junior High School. A quantitativer merthod with a correrlational approach was employed to identify the relationship between the two variables. The analysis results reveal that the management of library facilities and infrastructure falls into an unsatisfactory category, with an average student satisfaction score of 49.3%. The t-test indicates a significant positive effect (t count = 9.040) between management and satisfaction levels, where 42% of student satisfaction can be explained by library management. Additionally, factors such as procurement, storage, and maintenance exacerbate the situation. These findings emphasize the need for improvements in library management, including better planning and adequate budget allocation. By enhancing the management of facilities and infrastructure, student satisfaction is expected to increase, consequently encouraging students to be more actively engaged in visiting the library. As a rercommerndation, ther school should derverlop a stratergic managermernt plan for ther library focuserd on improving serrvicer quality and facilities.

Halal certification is a primary requirement for Muslims when choosing food. This requirement is stated in Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 168 of the Quran, which commands Muslims to consume food that is halal and wholesome. Halal certification is assessed not only by the ingredients used but also by the entire production process, from processing and raw material use, transportation, to sales and consumption methods. In Indonesia, the development of halal products continues to grow rapidly in line with the large Muslim population. However, public understanding of halal certification, particularly for food and beverage products, remains relatively low. Based on this situation, this study examines the impact of halal certification on the marketing strategies of MSMEs in the food sector. This research seeks to answer two main questions: first, to what extent do MSMEs understand the importance of halal certification? and second, does the existence of halal certification influence consumer purchasing interest? The study used a library method, reviewing a variety of relevant literature, and an empirical approach to obtain data directly from the public.

The Community Service Program (KKN) conducted by students of Padang State University (UNP) focuses on community service to address social issues and improve the quality of life for a more developed nation. One of the programs implemented is digital literacy and the renovation of the village library located at the Sumpur Kudus Village Head's office, Sumpur Kudus District, Sinjunjung Regency, West Sumatra Province. Given the widespread use of technology today, accessing information related to the history, social conditions, and tourism in Sumpur Kudus Village is now easy. To create a comfortable reading space or information center, renovations were carried out at the Sumpur Kudus Village Head's Library, adding various decorations and facilities. The approach used was a qualitative descriptive approach aimed at understanding the impact of the program's implementation on increasing reading interest and access to information by the community. The results of this activity indicate that the community feels comfortable and has easy access to information in Sumpur Kudus Village.

Interreligious dialogue in contemporary plural societies faces serious challenges, particularly due to differences in the use and interpretation of religious language, which is often understood in a monolithic and decontextualized manner. Religious language is frequently reduced to doctrinal propositions debated through logical arguments, thereby neglecting the form of life from which it emerges. This study aims to analyze the transformation of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s thought from the picture theory presented in Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus to the concept of language games developed in Philosophical Investigations, as well as its implications for understanding religious language and contemporary interreligious dialogue. This research employs a qualitative approach using a library research method through philosophical-conceptual analysis of Wittgenstein’s major works and relevant secondary literature. The findings indicate that the concept of language games allows religious language to be understood as a social practice with internal rules and contextual meanings, rather than as metaphysical propositions subject to empirical-logical verification. In the context of interreligious dialogue, this approach helps explain differences in the meanings of religious terms such as “salvation” or “God” without treating them as absolute logical contradictions. By viewing religious language as part of language games rooted in distinct forms of life, interreligious dialogue can be directed toward mutual understanding and respect for diversity rather than the pursuit of theological uniformity.

Understanding God in Christian education plays a crucial role in the moral formation of children, as the theological concept of God forms the foundation for values, character, and ethical actions, developed from an early age. In Christian education, the process of moral formation does not simply rely on rules or customs, but rather rests on the child's personal relationship with God as a loving, guiding Being, and the source of truth. This study uses qualitative methods with a library research approach to explore how the concept of God according to Christian theology can serve as a foundation for the comprehensive moral formation of children. The aim of this study is to analyze how God's attributes such as love, holiness, justice, and faithfulness can be applied in the educational process so that the moral values formed are not formalistic but grow from a deep spiritual awareness. The research findings show that a proper understanding of God helps children recognize moral standards rooted in God's character, develop ethical attitudes, and strengthen the internal drive to live according to His will. This research is also expected to contribute to Christian educators in developing theological, contextual, and effective learning strategies to continuously cultivate children's morality in accordance with the principles of the Christian faith.

In the 21st century learning era that demands the integration of 4C skills and digital literacy, the textbook Akidah Akhlak Class IV MI based on the 2019 KMA 183 Curriculum needs to be evaluated for its suitability to be relevant in shaping students' Islamic character. This study aims to analyze the suitability of the book's content, presentation, language, and graphics according to BSNP standards, with a focus on the strengths of active learning and the weaknesses of technology integration such as QR codes and science-technology interconnections. The descriptive qualitative method through library research uses the 2020 Kemenag textbook by Subkhiaton Noor as primary data, supported by BSNP instruments and comparisons with other books. The results show that the book is very suitable overall: very good content suitability (accurate material, relevant KI-KD, supports 4C through discussion and reflection), good presentation (systematic structure, HOTS-LOTS, glossary), good language (communicative, appropriate to students' cognition), graphics pass with minor improvements in visual consistency, so it is effective for contextual learning even though it needs additional digital features.

Ecclesiology and the church's calling amidst the development of the times marked by increasingly dynamic social, cultural, technological, and lifestyle changes. The background of the problem in this paper departs from the fact that the church often faces challenges in maintaining its theological identity while responding to the demands of the modern era, so that a contextual and relevant understanding of ecclesiology is needed. The research method used is a qualitative method with a library research approach, namely reviewing and analyzing various library sources such as the Bible, theological books, scientific journals, and church documents related to ecclesiology and the role of the church. The purpose of writing this article is to re-examine the nature of the church from a theological perspective and formulate the church's calling to remain faithful to God's mission amidst the changing times. The benefits of this paper are expected to provide theoretical contributions to the development of church theology studies and become material for practical reflection for the church in carrying out its duties of fellowship, service, witness, and diakonia in a relevant, contextual, and responsible manner in modern society.

This study examines the integration of Irau cultural values into Catholic Church ministry in Malinau through the approach of inculturation. The Irau festival, as a cultural heritage of the Dayak community, contains social and spiritual values such as togetherness, brotherhood, and gratitude. The study employs a qualitative method with a library research approach, analyzing Catholic Church documents, literature on inculturation theology, anthropiological studies on Dayak culture, and publications related to Malinau. The results indicate that integrating Irau cultural elements, such as music, dance, and traditional symbols that align with Catholic teaching, can enrich liturgy and pastoral ministry. This inculturation helps Catholics experience their faith contextually while respecting their cultural identity. A selective process is necessary to purify cultural elements that conflict with faith, enabling the Church to be an integral part of Malinau society.

This study aims to analyze the comprehensive relationship between selection, placement, career development, and employee well-being within the perspective of organizational psychology. Human resources (HR) are the central driver of organizational success, yet many institutions, including Islamic educational institutions, still face challenges in professional HR management. This research employs a library research method with a descriptive-comparative analysis approach, reviewing relevant scientific literature and empirical reports. The findings indicate that these four aspects form an integrated unit; effective selection based on person-organization fit provides quality candidates, appropriate placement optimizes potential, structured career development maintains motivation, and holistic well-being ensures loyalty and productivity. The study concludes that organizational success is heavily dependent on the synergy of these four components managed through an organizational psychology approach, rather than being treated as separate administrative functions.

The development of information and communication technology in the digital era has increased access to and productivity of scholarly publications, while also creating challenges in managing academic literature and references. Final-year students, particularly those from non–Information Technology programs, often experience difficulties in organizing references systematically, maintaining citation consistency, and avoiding unintentional plagiarism. This article aims to describe the implementation and outcomes of a community service program that provided training on the use of Mendeley as a personal digital library for managing scholarly literature. The program was conducted over two days using a participatory and hands-on approach involving students from Universitas Tamansiswa in Padang. The training methods included conceptual lectures, live demonstrations, and practical sessions covering Mendeley installation, reference management, automatic citation, and bibliography generation. The results indicate improvements in participants’ understanding and skills in reference management, as well as increased awareness of academic integrity. Overall, the training proved effective in enhancing efficiency and writing quality in the preparation of theses or final projects.

One of the skills in facing global challenges in the application of 21st century skills is critical thinking skills in solving problems with a scientific attitude (Eka et al., 2020) critical thinking skills enable them to be able to face complex situations and make wise decisions. The application of case-based learning can be a learning solution including in learning with limited meetings in class because it is oriented towards developing critical thinking skills in solving cases. This study uses a descriptive-analytical library research method, where data is collected from various library sources such as books, journals, and scientific articles. This research is a qualitative descriptive type that relies on analysis to determine, interpret, and clarify the data or information collected. This method aims to obtain an overview of the Case Method Learning Design on Halal Haram Material in the Al-Qur'an Hadith Subject of Class XII Madrasah Aliyah at Dayah Modern Ihyaaussunnah Lhokseumawe. This study successfully designed a case-based learning method as an innovative approach in teaching the Qur'an and Hadith on the topic of Halal and Haram in grade XII of Madrasah Aliyah. However, the implementation of this method also faces challenges such as the need for teacher readiness in designing and moderating cases, limited class time, and variations in students' abilities in analyzing cases

This research is motivated by the low level of discipline among elementary school students, characterized by non-compliance with rules, tardiness, and other negative behaviors, thus requiring the role of Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) as a strategic solution. This research aims to examine the role of PPKn learning in shaping the discipline of elementary school students through a library research approach. This research method uses a systematic and comprehensive library research method to assess the contribution of PPKn learning in forming the discipline of elementary school students (SD). The main focus is on national scientific sources in Indonesian and English languages from the period 2020-2025, with the aim of identifying patterns and strategies of PPKn learning towards improving student discipline in SD. The study results show that PPKn learning is effective in internalizing discipline values through habituation, teacher exemplification, continuous evaluation, and the use of innovative learning media such as educational videos. The involvement of teachers, schools, and parents is an important factor in supporting the formation of student discipline character, with strategies such as family collaboration and group supervision to overcome external challenges. This research provides a theoretical contribution as a basis for developing applicable PPKn learning strategies to form a disciplined generation in elementary schools. The implications of this study indicate that PPKn learning has a strategic role in shaping the discipline of elementary school students, thus requiring synergy between teachers, schools, and parents to optimize the internalization of character values in every learning activity.

In essence, technology has become an inseparable part of Generation Alpha’s life. However, the improper use of technology can affect their overall development. The technology available today has a significant influence on the progress of a nation; therefore, the roles of parents and educators are crucial in encouraging, controlling, and supervising children to prevent technology addiction. When used appropriately, technology can broaden knowledge through the internet and digital devices, enhance creativity in developing skills, and facilitate the learning process. Nevertheless, modern technology can also bring negative impacts, such as dependency, excessive screen time, and reduced social interaction, as children tend to spend more time in front of screens rather than engaging with their surroundings. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of technology on Generation Alpha from an Islamic perspective and to explore ways to implement this understanding.(Ari Fajar Isbakhi et al., 2025, p. 287) The research employs a qualitative method with a library research approach. Generation Alpha is a generation that grows up amid rapid, interactive, and dynamic digital technological advancements. This condition presents both opportunities and challenges for the world of education, particularly in shaping students’ character within the school environment. This study aims to analyze the strategies, challenges, and roles of schools in developing the character of Generation Alpha to become intelligent, ethical, and empathetic individuals. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach through a literature study method. The findings indicate that character education in schools needs to be designed contextually, collaboratively, and technology-based to foster an adaptive Generation Alpha while maintaining strong moral and social values.

The development of social media in the digital era has a significant impact on the lives of students, both academically and morally. High levels of social media use are often accompanied by low self-control, potentially leading to impulsive behavior, digital addiction, and moral degradation. This study aims to analyze the effect of learning Aqidah Akhlak (Islamic Creed) on students' self-control in social media use. The method used was library research, reviewing various relevant literature in the form of books, scientific journals, and other academic sources. The results indicate that learning Aqidah Akhlak plays a crucial role in shaping spiritual awareness, strengthening the values ​​of patience, mujahadah an-nafs (self-control), iffah (self-control), and taqwa (obedience to God), which contribute to increased student self-control. By internalizing the values ​​of monotheism and morality, students are better able to use social media wisely and proportionally.

This research uses a qualitative approach with a library research method, focusing on the development of pragmatic thinking in Western and Islamic traditions and its contribution to contemporary education. Data were obtained through literature reviews from books, scientific journals, and previous research results. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis techniques to identify similarities and differences in Western and Islamic pragmatic thinking. The results of the study indicate that Western pragmatism developed through Peirce, James, and Dewey, who emphasized truth based on practical consequences and usefulness in life. Islamic pragmatism, although not explicit, is reflected in the thoughts of Al-Ghazali and Ibn Khaldun, who combine revelation with empirical experience and public welfare. The contribution of pragmatism to contemporary education includes: (1) educational goals oriented towards social experiences and problem-solving; (2) the position of students as active subjects with growth capacity; (3) curriculum development that is flexible, experience-based, and adaptive to social changes. this research states that Western and Islamic pragmatism both provide important contributions to contemporary education, shifting the focus from knowledge transfer to the development of competencies and characters that are relevant.  

The digital age of the 21st century has brought significant transformations to the spiritual life of Christians. Technology expands access to the word, worship, and faith community, but at the same time presents challenges in the form of distractions, individualism, and the shallowness of spiritual reflection. This research highlights the main problem of how Christian spirituality can be reinterpreted in the midst of digitalization, especially by placing hope as the core that sustains faith. The goal is to formulate a pedagogical model that is able to integrate digital technology with faith education so that it is relevant for the digital generation.The method used is a qualitative approach through library research with thematic analysis of contemporary theological and pedagogical literature. The study focuses on Runggeari & Deak's thoughts on the digital church and Boiliu's on faith education in the family, as well as the theories of hope from Moltmann, McGrath, and Hebblethwaite. The results of the study show that digital spirituality can thrive when it is rooted in hope, which serves to foster steadfastness of faith, shape the ethics of using technology, and expand digital solidarity. Christian Hope encourages churches, educators, and families to not only produce spiritual content, but to present transformative communities of love. The synthesis of the main idea emphasizes the importance of a pedagogy of faith that redeems technology: using it not just as a medium of information, but as a participatory space to form character, faith, and togetherness.

The Presbyterian-Synodal system of church government is based on the ideal theological foundation of Christocracy, the confession that Christ is the sole Head of the Church who rules directly through His Word and Spirit. Theoretically, this model rejects hierarchy, affirms the parity of all ecclesiastical officers (ministers, elders, deacons) as servants, and views the local church council as a complete church (ecclesia completa). However, in historical and contemporary practice, a fundamental tension exists whereby this system consistently deviates into hierarchical and clerical practices. This deviation manifests as a hierarchy of office (clericalism) and a hierarchy of assemblies (Synod-centrism), where authority shifts from Christ to official figures and Synodal structures that are viewed as the "highest court." This article aims to analyze the fundamental causes of this authority shift. Using a qualitative library research method, the author conducts a systematic-theological, historical-critical, and comparative analysis of the works of Reformers (especially Calvin), historical church order documents, and contemporary case studies (such as in Malawi and GMIM). This study concludes that this authority shift stems from two primary factors: First, a "theological deficiency" in many church order documents, which fail to affirm Christ's rule "through His Word and Spirit," stating instead only His rule "through the ministry of officials," thus effectively equating official authority with Christ's authority. Second, the historical legacy of Scottish "national covenant" ecclesiology, which was historically intentionally designed with a centralized authority structure for "godly officials" to "rule over" a mixed populace. The author recommends that churches in this tradition revise their church orders to explicitly re-assert the supremacy of Christ's rule through His Word and Spirit over any human official or synodical authority.

Buddhist teachings play a crucial role in addressing various social problems that continue to develop in the modern era. Rapid social change, globalization, and technological advancement have brought not only positive impacts but also serious challenges, such as increasing social conflicts, moral degradation, individualism, and the weakening of social awareness within society. In this context, Buddhism offers universal ethical guidance that remains relevant across time, particularly through the principles of compassion (karuṇā), loving-kindness (mettā), wisdom (paññā), and mental equanimity (upekkhā), which guide individuals toward harmonious and responsible living. This study aims to analyze the role of Buddhist values in providing solutions to contemporary social problems. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method based on library research, using a hermeneutic approach to Buddhist sacred texts and relevant scientific studies. The findings indicate that the application of Buddhist values contributes significantly to the development of social morality, the strengthening of social solidarity, conflict resolution, and the formation of individual character marked by empathy, tolerance, and responsibility. Furthermore, these values play an essential role in fostering interreligious harmony and cultivating collective awareness of the importance of peaceful coexistence within pluralistic and multicultural societies.

In the book Bina Belajar Al-Qur'an dan Hadith for grade V MI published by Erlangga Publisher in accordance with the madrasah curriculum (KMA) No. 183 of 2019, this book is analyzed by researchers in meeting the needs of 21st century learning, especially in developing critical thinking skills, creativity, communication, and collaboration. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of textbooks based on four aspects of the National Education Standards Agency (BSNP) standards, namely the feasibility of content, feasibility of presentation, language and graphics. This study uses a literature study approach (library study) which is used to collect various data sources from the book Bina Belajar Al-Qur'an dan Hadith, journals and others. The results of the study show that this book is in the very feasible category, with the suitability of the material to KMA No. 183 of 2019, the use of communicative language, and consistent graphic displays. However, deficiencies were found in the presentation aspect, such as the absence of concept maps, learning objectives, and the lack of contextual illustrations. Overall, this book remains relevant and can support the learning of the Qur'an and Hadith in MI.

An employment relationship is a relationship between a worker and an employer or entrepreneur involving work, wages, and orders. One outcome of this employment relationship is termination of employment. To create a just and prosperous society based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, the government has enacted laws concerning termination of employment, such as Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower, Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, and Government Regulation No. 35 of 2021 concerning Fixed-Term Employment Agreements, Outsourcing, Working and Rest Hours, and Termination of Employment. This research uses a normative legal method, namely examining the law as it exists or should exist, or the law in books. The research was conducted by analyzing applicable laws and regulations, using library materials or secondary data covering primary, secondary, and tertiary law. Termination of employment is the right of both parties, namely workers and employers. Both parties can terminate the employment relationship according to their respective situations or conditions. This issue often generates debate because each party has different perspectives and arguments regarding termination of employment. As a result, the amount of compensation workers receive in practice also varies. Comparing Law No. 13 of 2003, Law No. 11 of 2020, and Government Regulation No. 35 of 2021 concerning termination of employment, it is clear that the Employee Rights Act No. 13 of 2003 provides more compensation than the Job Creation Law. Therefore, in practice, many companies, including PT Kuoni Indonesia, seek ways to reduce their compensation obligations under the pretext of negotiating with employees.