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The purpose of this study is to understand the form of intellectual property regulation that is the object of debt collateral in bank financial institutions and the form of execution of intellectual property that is the object of debt collateral in bank financial institutions in the event of default according to Government Regulation Number 24 of 2022. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory regulatory approach and a conceptual approach. The legal materials used include primary legal materials in the form of legislation covering intellectual property and collateral, secondary legal materials in the form of interviews with Rikson Sitorus as Chair of the Legal Analyst Working Group for Copyright and Industrial Design, DJKI, Ministry of Law and Human Rights and Muhammad Fauzy as Coordinator of Intellectual Property Facilitation II, Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy/Baparekraf, scientific papers and related documents. The validity of legal materials is carried out by harmonizing legal materials in order to find the suitability of legal materials with the issues being answered. Based on the research results, it was found that: (1) Intellectual Property as an object that has a movable and intangible nature, the same as other property rights, can be transferred and assigned to other parties, such as being used as a credit guarantee object by the owner of the intellectual property. PP 24 of 2022 opens up opportunities for all types of IP to be used as bank collateral. (2) Execution of IP as Collateral can be carried out by; if the collateral is bound by fiduciary, it can be executed following the provisions contained in the Collateral Law, if using a contract in creative economic activities, the settlement process is carried out based on the provisions of the existing contract, if using the right to collect in creative economic activities, the right to collect can be executed by demanding payment through a legal process in accordance with the existing agreement.

This paper discusses the importance of developing tarkib (grammatical structure) and vocabulary evaluation instruments in learning Arabic, which is a crucial aspect in understanding and composing meaningful sentences. Tarkib learning includes exercises in underlining fi'il and fa'il, converting ismiyyah sentences to fi'liyah numbers, filling in blanks and selecting answers in parentheses, completing sentences, identifying the type of amount. Vocabulary learning includes practice in pronouncing vocabulary according to pictures, writing vocabulary based on pictures and filling in blank sentences. This article also outlines the different levels of mastery of tarkib, from beginner to advanced. It is emphasized that effective and adaptive evaluation instruments are needed to measure students' abilities objectively, so as to improve students' linguistic competence and logical thinking skills.

This study aims to improve students’ interest in learning in the subject of Islamic Cultural History (SKI) in class VII B MTsN 4 Karawang through the application of the Relay method. The main problem found is the low interest in learning of students, which causes them to tend to be passive and do not understand the material. By using the Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach carried out in two cycles, this method aims to create a more active and enjoyable learning atmosphere. Students are divided into several groups and take turns answering questions, so that all students are involved and motivated. The results of the study showed a significant increase in interest in learning between the first and second cycles. In the first cycle, the average student interest in learning was at 67.5%, and increased to 88.75% in the second cycle. This proves that the application of the Relay Method is effective in increasing enthusiasm, cooperation, sense of responsibility, and student activity during learning.

In this article, we discuss the nature of human beings as learning creatures and creatures who are always dependent on Allah SWT as contained in QS. Al-'Alaq verses 1-5. What is a special fact in this article is the urgency of understanding Islamic education in answering modern challenges through strengthening the values of monotheism and spirituality. The purpose of this study is to analyze in depth the meaning of education and human existence in the perspective of tarbawi interpretation of the early verses of surah al-'alaq. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of library research. The data collection technique uses literature review by studying verses of the Qur'an. Data analysis was carried out in a descriptive-qualitative manner with an interpretative approach to the text and the thoughts of experts. The results of the study show that qs. al-'alaq 1-5 affirms that man was created as a learning creature who obtains knowledge from Allah and in the process of learning always needs His guidance. This article emphasizes that the theory of Islamic education must be based on the theory of education should be based on the principle of monotheism which combines intellectual intelligence and spiritual awareness.

This community service activity aims to increase the financial independence of the Women Farmers Group (KWT) in Sudiang, Makassar, through a networking approach and strengthening financial literacy capacity. The main problems faced by the local KWT are the still low understanding of group financial management, limited access to financial information, and dependence on external assistance. Through socialization, training, and interactive discussions, participants were provided with an understanding of the basic concepts of financial independence, simple financial record keeping, collective fund management, and the importance of institutional networks as a sustainability strategy. The results of the activity showed an increase in members' understanding of the importance of financial literacy and the ability to design an internal financial system independently. In addition, strengthening networks with local stakeholders was also started as a first step towards finding a KWT business. The activity concluded with a question and answer session and the presentation of certificates to participants as a form of appreciation and ongoing motivation. Going forward, further mentoring is needed so that the empowerment process can continue to develop consistently. As a follow-up to this activity, a sustainable mentoring strategy is needed so that the understanding and skills that have been acquired do not just stop at the level of knowledge, but can be implemented in real life in the KWT's daily activities. This mentoring can include monitoring the group's financial records, facilitating access to microfinance institutions, and training in building partnerships with external parties such as government, academics, and the private sector. With structured mentoring, KWT is expected to be able to build a transparent and accountable financial management system and support the growth of sustainable, productive businesses. This aligns with efforts to strengthen women's independence in the agricultural sector while contributing to the welfare of families and the wider community.

This study aims to describe the application of the inquiry approach in science learning for early childhood. The inquiry approach is believed to be able to foster curiosity, critical thinking skills, and exploration skills in children from an early age. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with observation and documentation techniques. The subjects of the study were children in the Playgroup at Kiddie Care. The results of the study indicate that the inquiry approach can increase children's active involvement in the science learning process, such as when observing objects, asking questions, and trying to find answers through simple experiments. The application of inquiry also encourages children's communication and cooperation skills in groups. Thus, the inquiry approach is effectively applied in science learning in PAUD.

The RADEC (Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, and Create) learning model is an innovative approach that aims to improve students' critical thinking skills in elementary schools. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of implementing the RADEC model in the context of elementary school learning and its impact on the development of students' critical thinking skills. The RADEC approach emphasizes active student involvement through five main stages: reading to build initial understanding, answering questions to test reasoning power, discussing to broaden perspectives, re-explaining concepts to deepen understanding, and creating products or solutions as a concrete manifestation of the critical thinking process. This study used a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design and involved fifth grade students in a public elementary school. The instruments used were critical thinking tests and student activity observation sheets. The results showed that the implementation of the RADEC model significantly increased students' critical thinking skill scores compared to conventional learning models. In addition, students showed higher enthusiasm and learning independence during the learning process. These findings indicate that the RADEC model is not only able to build a stronger understanding of concepts but also encourages students to actively analyze, evaluate, and create ideas. Therefore, the RADEC model is recommended as an effective alternative learning strategy to improve the quality of learning and critical thinking skills of students at the elementary school level.

This activity aims to raise awareness and understanding among PKK mothers in Padang Cermin Village, Langkat Regency, regarding the importance of mental health. Mental health issues are often overlooked, especially in rural areas where access to information and support services is limited, and where social stigma against mental disorders persists. Lack of knowledge about the early signs of mental health disorders can cause preventable problems to develop into more serious conditions. Through this outreach activity, participants were introduced to the basic concepts of mental health, the factors that influence it, the early signs of mental disorders such as prolonged stress, anxiety, and depression, and simple steps that can be taken to maintain mental health within the family environment. Methods used included interactive material delivery, educational videos, group discussions, and question-and-answer sessions, allowing participants to understand the material more deeply and relate it to their personal experiences. Additionally, practical tips were provided, such as breathing relaxation techniques, establishing positive communication within the family, time management, and the importance of social support among community members. This approach is expected to empower mothers, as central figures in the family, to recognize, prevent, and address mental health issues early on. The results of the activity showed a very positive response. Participants demonstrated high enthusiasm, openness in sharing experiences, and a greater awareness of the importance of maintaining mental health. Many participants acknowledged that they previously lacked understanding of the importance of mental health care and tended to ignore early symptoms. This activity demonstrated the strategic role of community-based mental health education in preventative efforts to create healthier, more harmonious, and more resilient families. Going forward, follow-up efforts in the form of regular mentoring programs, dissemination of advanced educational materials, and collaboration with relevant parties are needed to ensure continued understanding and support for mental health issues in rural communities.

Rhinitis is one of the health conditions commonly found in the community, with a high prevalence both globally and in Indonesia. These disorders have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, interfere with daily activities, and have the potential to lead to complications such as sinusitis and asthma. Educational efforts through health counseling are an important strategy in improving public knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to the prevention and management of rhinitis. This counseling activity aims to expand public understanding of rhinitis, including definitions, risk factors, symptoms, preventive measures, and self-management that can be applied in daily life. The methods used include interactive lectures, group discussions, and question and answer sessions, with the target of the general public who have risks or complaints related to rhinitis. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in participants' understanding of the condition of rhinitis and the importance of preventive measures. Participants showed a higher awareness of the importance of maintaining environmental cleanliness, avoiding exposure to allergens, and implementing a healthy lifestyle. In addition, there was an increase in participants' proactivity in seeking health information and a commitment to implement preventive behaviors consistently. This counseling has a positive impact on improving public health literacy and encouraging constructive changes in attitudes in dealing with rhinitis. It is hoped that similar activities can be carried out in a sustainable and widespread manner, so as to contribute to reducing the prevalence of rhinitis and improving the quality of life of the community in general. Community-based counseling has proven to be effective as a promotive and preventive approach in handling chronic and recurrent diseases such as rhinitis.

The digital era brings new challenges and opportunities in Arabic language learning, so the development of innovative and adaptive curriculum-based teaching materials is very important. This article discusses innovations in the development of Arabic language teaching materials that utilize digital technology, such as multimedia, mobile applications, and interactive e-learning platforms, to create a more effective, engaging, and contextual learning experience. With a qualitative approach and case studies in secondary education environments, this study shows that the integration of technology in teaching materials can increase students' interest, motivation, and understanding of Arabic. In addition, this article identifies various obstacles, such as limited infrastructure and teacher readiness, and provides recommendations for sustainable development that is inclusive and responsive to the needs of the times. These findings are expected to be the basis for the development of Arabic language teaching materials that are relevant to the curriculum and able to answer the demands of learning in the digital era.

This study aims to analyze students’ conceptual understanding of hydrocarbons through a literature review utilizing the Three-Tier Multiple Choice Diagnostic Instrument. Hydrocarbons are a fundamental topic in chemistry education that often leads to student misconceptions. The three-tier diagnostic instrument is designed not only to assess students’ cognitive knowledge through correct or incorrect answers but also to explore the reasoning behind their choices, enabling more accurate identification of misconceptions and conceptual understanding. The methodology employed is a literature review examining various scientific sources on the application of this diagnostic tool in teaching hydrocarbon concepts. The findings indicate that the Three-Tier Multiple Choice Diagnostic Instrument is effective in systematically detecting and classifying students’ difficulties and misconceptions. Furthermore, the use of this instrument contributes significantly to developing targeted and data-driven instructional strategies to enhance students’ conceptual mastery in chemistry. The implications of this study highlight the necessity of integrating three-tier diagnostic instruments in the assessment process to support optimal learning outcomes in hydrocarbon material.

This service activity was conducted in RT 11 Pantai Amal Village, East Tarakan District, Tarakan City, North Kalimantan Province on May 6, 2025 at 13.00-17.00 WITA. This activity was conducted at the house of Mrs. Hadirah with the participation of the local community, especially people who have a history of hypertension. This community service activity aims to empower coastal communities in Pantai Amal RT 11 village through nutrition education and intervention of mung bean porridge for hypertension control. The implementation method includes interactive counseling on mung beans, benefits of mung beans, conditions for limiting mung bean consumption, and demonstration on how to prepare modified mung bean porridge, as well as distribution of mung bean porridge to residents with hypertension accompanied by questions and answers related to hypertension. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' knowledge about the nutritional value of mung bean porridge. This activity also triggered the formation of a community group committed to continuing the program independently. In conclusion, the combination of nutrition education and local ingredient intervention is an effective strategy to empower coastal communities in sustainable hypertension control.

The formation of the Saber Pungli Task Force was carried out as a firm and real step by the government to restore public trust, so that through Presidential Regulation Number 87 of 2016 concerning the Clean Sweep Task Force for Illegal Levies, all city areas in Indonesia formed the task force to eradicate and enforce the law. This type of research is empirical. After the data is obtained, the researcher will group the data based on the data source and analyze it to get answers to the formulation of the problem in this study. The results of the study show that the Clean Sweep Task Force for Illegal Levies (Satgas Saber Pungli) was formed with the aim of eradicating the practice of illegal levies that occur in various public service sectors in Indonesia, and the Clean Sweep Task Force for Illegal Levies at Tenau Port involves various activities aimed at overcoming and preventing the practice of illegal levies in various public service sectors to create a public service system that is free from extortion and increase public trust in public services. In its implementation, various inhibiting factors are still encountered, namely the weak performance of the task force in the field, aspects of facilities and infrastructure such as the low reporting channels that are friendly and easily accessible to the public, and the budget which is still a real challenge in implementing the Saber Pungli Task Force function, especially in areas such as East Nusa Tenggara Province (NTT) which has geographical characteristics as an archipelago.

The scientific approach is an approach that conveys students' understanding of knowledge and uses a scientific approach to understand the scientific approach that does not depend on direct information from the teacher, anytime, anywhere, anytime (Daryanto, 2015). Through this approach, learning is aimed at students who are centered on interactive, encouraging students to improve their thinking skills. According to Permendikbud (2013), students carry out five main activities to learn: observation, questioning, gathering information, connection and communication. When using a scientific approach, the question aspect is the most difficult aspect. Many students have low enthusiasm, curiosity, and motivation to follow the PPKN compartment. The area of ​​study is considered boring and student life is lost. Low skills in critical thinking, problem solving and decision making also interfere with the learning process (Fischer et al 2012 Murawski 2012 Wang & Zheng, 2016). To answer or ask questions, students must have the ability to analyze, evaluate, integrate, and apply acquaintances.

This community service programme aims to improve teachers' understanding and skills in managing interactive learning media to increase student engagement in the learning process at SMAN 17 Lamuru, Bone Regency. Based on the results of the need assessment and situation analysis, it was found that the partners experienced several problems, including the lack of teacher understanding of information technology, the low ability of teachers to implement online learning, and the lack of knowledge about interactive learning media. This activity was attended by 25 participants and was carried out using various methods, such as lectures, questions and answers, discussions, brainstorming, demonstrations, and direct practice of online-based interactive learning media management. The materials provided were arranged in accordance with the objectives of the mentoring, and supported by instruments such as mentoring modules, observation sheets, participant satisfaction questionnaires, activity documentation, and other technical equipment. The main target of this programme is intangible, namely the realisation of mentoring participants who are able to understand the concept and create electronic modules for interactive learning.

Critical thinking skills are essential for every student, especially in today's digital era, where information is spread so freely and without limits. Students need to be taught how to think critically to make the right decisions regarding the information obtained. At school, developing critical thinking skills will help students face increasingly complex challenges. In this case, teachers play a very important role in guiding and educating students to develop these skills well. The objectives of this study are: 1) To find out the role of social studies teachers in improving the critical thinking skills of 8th grade students in the digital era of Ngeri 1 Boyolangu Junior High School. 2) To find out the steps used by social studies teachers to develop critical thinking skills of 8th grade students at Ngeri 1 Boyolangu Junior High School. 3) To find out the inhibiting and supporting factors in developing students' critical thinking skills. The approach used in this research is qualitative. data collection procedures in this study using observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques are carried out through data collection, data reduction, data display, and data verification. Research Results: 1) Teachers play a role in designing lesson plans with varied learning methods, in each method there are discussion activities, teaching by taking real problems in accordance with the reality related to the material in the classroom, familiarizing students to ask, answer, provide input and provide simple solutions related to the problems given.2) Steps to Develop Students' Critical Thinking Skills, including teachers getting students used to asking questions, answering, providing simple solutions related to the problems given. Teachers use digital media, such as PowerPoint and websites, as well as game-based learning, which not only makes learning more interesting but also supports students' critical thinking skills through technology. Teachers provide positive motivation to encourage students to participate more actively in learning. 3) The inhibiting factors include the rapid flow of digital information, “filter bubble,” lack of digital literacy, and low learning independence. Supporting factors include motivation from teachers or parents and students' intellectual development, which encourages exploration of information and a higher learning spirit.

This research thinks that Pasola is a series of traditional ceremonies performed by the Sumbanese people who are old enough to have an indigenous religion called Marapu. Every year in February and March, the series does well. The culmination of the traditional ceremonial activities carried out a few days earlier was the so-called Pasola. Pasola was a war fought by both groups of horsemen. Each group consisted of approximately 100 people armed with a spear made of wood with a diameter of approximately 1.5 m whose ends were left blunt The main purpose of this study was to study and describe the social conflict on the impact of Pasola Culture in Wainyapu village. This research also aims to examine and describe the history of Pasola, the purpose of Pasola being implemented, the rules in Pasola and the tribes that participate in Pasola. The concepts that underlie this research are the impact of Pasola, Nyale or sea worms, spears, sandalwood horses, social conflicts, causes of conflicts, forms of conflict, social conflicts and types of conflicts. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method with a narrative. The data sources needed are primary data and secondary data with observation, interview and documentation data collection techniques. The population in this study is a traditional Rato and there are 3 Rato assistants, using the purposive sample technique. Data analysis using data reduction, data presentation, data verification and conclusion drawn. From the results of the answers obtained in the study, it can be concluded that the data analysis in the family relationship between Pasola participants and the audience is well maintained despite conflicts in it, government supervision and traditional Rato in the implementation of the Pasola tradition to avoid conflicts that occur permanently and well coordinated as well as unity and unity in maintaining this Pasola tradition is well intertwined between Pasola participants.  audiences, traditional Rato and even the government in the process of handling conflict resolution has been well minimized.  

The hastag No. viral No. justice has recently emerged on social media platforms creating its own discourse in the justice system. This research aims to examine how the impact of this phenomenon on the judicial system and to find the ideal mechanism of digital transformation of justice so that this phenomenon remains in line with the principle of due process of law.This research method uses a social legal with a case study approach and conceptual approach in answering the problem formulation. This research found that this phenomenon is motivated by the slow response of law enforcement officials and the lack of transparency of the judicial system, then the impact of this phenomenon disrupts the independence of the judiciary because it is tried by the media and has the potential to accommodate the spread of hoaxes and public disinformation. To answer these challenges, the author proposes a digital transformation of the judiciary through the optimization of SIPP, by adding a verification link feature on the SIPP page. So that access to case tracking becomes more transparent. In addition, there are also new rules regarding the publication of unresolved legal cases on social media by requiring the admin and related accounts to provide a disclaimer and link to the SIPP verification link of the case. This regulation is regulated through the revision of the ITE Law by the legislators.

Suffering is a condition where a person experiences pain or difficulty in living their life. Paul's words about "fulfilling what was lacking in Christ's suffering" raise the question that whether Christ's suffering on the cross was incomplete? And it is as if Christ's suffering was ineffective and limited so that redemption had to be completed or completed through Paul's suffering. However, Christ's suffering on the Cross was perfect, sufficient to atone for human sins and did not need to be fulfilled again. The thing that needs to be accomplished or fulfilled is suffering for the sake of preaching the Gospel, about Christ who was incarnated as a human, died as a ransom sacrifice and was resurrected from the dead. So everyone can know God through His power and resurrection. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. The purpose of this study is first to "deliver a theological answer regarding the meaning of "filling up in my flesh what is lacking in the sufferings of Christ" Second, to provide an important meaning that every believer must truly live in Christ, because the perfect redemption of Jesus Christ has been done to save mankind. The final result of the study on Colossians 1:24 provides the meaning that every believer is called to fill up what is lacking in the sufferings of Christ, namely, the suffering related to the challenges of preaching the gospel. Like Paul who was never free from suffering when preaching the gospel, but Paul remained joyful, and continued to preach the gospel. Likewise, we as believers should follow Paul's example so that the gospel can be spread throughout the face of the earth.

This study aims to improve the understanding of grade VII students of MTsN 3 Karawang on the material of dhikr and prayer through the application of the Giving Question and Getting Answer method in the Fiqh subject. Based on the results of initial observations, it was found that only 12% of students were complete in understanding the material of dhikr and prayer. This study uses the Classroom Action Research (CAR) model with the Kemmis & McTaggart approach consisting of two cycles. Each cycle includes the planning stage, action implementation, observation, and reflection. The instruments used were multiple choice tests and observations. The results of the study showed a significant increase in student understanding, namely from 12% in the pre-cycle to 54% in cycle I, and reaching 81% in cycle II. Thus, it can be concluded that the application of the Giving Question and Getting Answer method is effective in improving students' understanding of the material of dhikr and prayer.