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One of the areas of mathematics that studies the concept of flat and spatial shapes is geometry. Thus, in elementary school, geometry concepts are taught gradually in concrete, semi-concrete, and abstract forms. The research method using literature review. The results show that there are many reasons why many students in elementary school face difficulties in learning geometry materials. Therefore, this study will investigate the various reasons why students face difficulties in learning geometry materials.    

This study aims to analyse the interaction between ethno STEM based thematic learning and conventional learning with early mathematical abilities in improving students' numerical literacy. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design. Data collection was carried out through a numerical literacy test. Methods of data analysis using two-way variance analysis using a general linear model univariate analysis. The research subjects were fifth grade elementary school students in Tuban Regency, East Java Province. The sampling technique used a purposive sampling technique, taking into account the homogeneity of students' early mathematical abilities in both classes. Homogeneity is determined by giving pre-tests to students. The research sample consisted of 48 students, which were divided into two classes. The results showed that there was no interaction between conventional and ethno-STEM based thematic learning with the categories of students' initial abilities on students' numerical literacy. However, for each level of students' early mathematical ability, the increase in numerical literacy of students who received learning with an ethno-STEM approach was higher than students who received conventional learning.

Improving the quality of education, of course, is inseparable from the teaching and learning process as the main activity in schools, Mathematics is one of the very important branches of science that is taught at every level of education starting from elementary school (SD) to high school (SMA), there is also this research carried out at SD Negeri 4 Lintang Kanan in grade 5, The purpose of this study is to have a positive influence by using the Mastery Learning Strategy in Mathematics lessons with measurement materials, time distance and speed, this research was carried out after seeing pre-cycle observations that obtained incomplete score results due to lack of concentration from students who were still less active and playing games in learning, and learning was still monotonous, after cycle 1 and cycle 2 the students' grades became complete With an average score of 78 indigo, this study uses observation sheets, and a written essay test to obtain accurate data.

Basic mathematical principles are applied in daily activities, especially in the field of economics, and are an important source in teaching and learning activities in the field of mathematics. This research aims to explore the basic mathematical principles of economics to support and reference in learning activities. The method used in the research is based on a literature review study. Based on the research conducted, there are six main topics discussed regarding basic mathematical concepts in economics, namely a) variables, constants, coefficients and parameters; b) equations and inequalities; c) set theory concepts; d) real number system; e) power rules, roots, factorization, as well as f) fractions, decimals and percentages.

The low interest of students in mathematics lessons results in most students being less enthusiastic about following the lessons given by the teacher, so that student learning outcomes are low. With this situation, teachers will try their best to improve learning patterns by conducting classroom action research (CAR). The purpose of this study is to increase student interest and learning outcomes in mathematics, the main material explains the addition and subtraction of decimal numbers in writing using the experimental method carried out in class II SDN.09. BILAH BARAT which consists of 18 students. From the research that I conducted for 2 cycles, and based on all the discussions and analyses that I have done, it is concluded that learning with the experimental method has a positive impact on improving student learning achievement with an increase in student learning completeness in each cycle, namely cycle one (65.22%), and cycle 2 (78.26%). The use of the experimental method has a positive influence, namely increasing student learning motivation, this can be seen from the results of the interview which stated that students were interested and interested in the experimental method so that they were motivated to learn.   

Islamic education at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Thoyyib Hasyim Jorongan Leces Probolinggo is committed to integrating and applying the teachings of the Qur'an and Hadith in all aspects of education, with the aim of shaping students who are not only intellectually competent but also possess noble character as a fundamental aspect of their personality. This research aims to explore the forms, processes, opportunities, challenges, and implications of integrating the Qur'an and Hadith in the development of Islamic education at this institution. The results of the study show that Madrasah Tsanawiyah Thoyyib Hasyim Jorongan Leces Probolinggo integrates Islamic values into various subjects, such as mathematics, science, and religious studies, through an interdisciplinary approach. The strengthening of students' character is carried out through routine activities based on the teachings of the Qur'an and Hadith, such as congregational prayers and reading the Qur'an. Despite the challenges related to teachers' limited understanding in integrating religious values with general subjects, there are significant opportunities to develop Islamic-based education. The implications of this integration include the formation of students with piety, noble character, and responsibility. Strategies that need to be implemented to strengthen this integration in the future include the development of a more flexible curriculum, continuous teacher training, and the utilization of technology in learning. Therefore, Madrasah Tsanawiyah Thoyyib Hasyim Jorongan Leces Probolinggo has successfully created a synergy between academic education and religious education, providing students with knowledge for both this world and the hereafter  

The Merdeka Curriculum emphasizes individual freedom to learn according to their potential. Thus, teachers face the challenge of providing instruction that suits students' varying abilities. In addition, many students face difficulties in multiplication and division when studying mathematics. So, the aim of this research is to find out whether student learning outcomes are better by using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in learning Indonesian in one grade. Learning Indonesian in first grade often faces problems in improving students' skills. Consequently, the aim of this research is to apply the PBL learning model and learning approach at the appropriate level (TaRL) at SDN Pakis V Surabaya. The aim of this research is to explain the use of TaRL in Indonesian language learning in grade 1 using data collection techniques such as observation, interviews and document analysis. The research results show that efforts to improve student learning outcomes are through the use of TaRL in a process that includes classifying learning needs, learning design, implementation, and student reflection and evaluation.

MIPA education (Mathematics and Natural Sciences) plays a strategic role in developing excellent human resources in the modern era. However, the disparity in access to and the quality of MIPA education in Indonesia remains a significant challenge, particularly in remote areas. This article aims to identify the factors contributing to the gap in MIPA education, analyze its impact on learning quality, and propose solutions to address the issue. The main causes of this disparity include inadequate infrastructure, uneven distribution of teachers, and technological and socio-economic barriers. The consequences range from low student interest in science and technology to inequality in educational quality across regions. This article recommends strengthening policies for equitable education, enhancing remote learning technologies, and fostering cross-sector collaboration to create inclusive and sustainable MIPA education.

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of using FPB and KPK trees, two forms of interactive learning media, on primary school mathematics instruction with the goal of boosting students' intrinsic drive to learn. This study employed classroom action research (PTK), a methodology that contains two cycles, cycle I and cycle II, each of which includes the following steps: planning, carrying out the activity, observing the results, and reflecting on the experience. Approximately thirty fifth graders from SDN Tembong 2 participated in the study. Methods such as observation, interviews, testing, and documentation were employed to gather the data. Learning media in the shape of FPB and KPK trees were the tools utilized in this study. This study's findings demonstrate that fifth graders at SDN Tembong 2 may greatly benefit from learning about fruit trees and vegetables through the usage of KPK and FPB learning media. According to the results of this study, this kind of educational media does a good job of boosting students' comprehension and enthusiasm for studying.    

This research aims to increase fourth grade elementary school students’ understanding of the concept of equivalent fractions through peer tutoring. The research was conducted at SDN Ponteh 1, Galis District, Pamekasan Regency, using the Classroom Action Research (PTK) approach which consists of planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The peer tutoring method allows students who are superior in understanding the material to help their friends who are experiencing difficulties. The research result showed that this method was effective in increasing students’ understanding, with 100% of students succeeding in achieving learning mastery in this first cycle. The application of the peer tutoring method makes it easier for students to understand the material because of the simple and relevant delivery from their peers. These findings indicate that the peer tutoring method can be an effective solution in learning mathematics, especially equivalent fraction material at the elementary school level

This research is a quantitative research with a quasi-experimental research design. Comparison of the effectiveness between groups of students using the TaRL (Teaching at The Right Level) learning method as a control group and groups of students using the CRT (Culturally Responsive Teaching) learning method as an experimental group on the Mathematics Learning Outcomes of Students IX MIPA 1 and IX MIPA 2 SMAS Mardi Yuana Bogor Regency. The sampling technique was carried out by determining according to the wishes of the researcher, namely students who were already in the class. The instrument used in this study was in the form of a test in the form of pretest and posttest questions to measure student learning outcomes. The instruments tested amounted to 20 questions with an objective or multiple-choice test assessment system which were analyzed using simple regression analysis including the t-test and coefficient of determination. The results of the study showed that there was no significant difference between the group of students using the TARL (teaching at the right level) learning method and the group of students using the CRT (culturally responsive teaching) learning method on mathematics learning outcomes as indicated by t count < t table (1.04 < 2.021) and a significance value of 1.04 > 2.024.

The purpose of this study is to find out whether there is an influence of blended learning on metacognitive awareness, self-efficacy, student learning independence, and student learning achievement and to find out whether blended learning is superior to scientific learning in mathematics learning in the aspects of metacognitive awareness, self efficacy, student learning independence, and student learning achievement. This research is a pseudo-experimental research with the population of all students in grade XI MAN 2 Wonosobo for the 2023/2024 school year. Of the ten existing classes, two classes were selected by purposive sampling, namely classes XI - 3 and XI - 4. From the two selected classes, then randomly selected so that class XI - 4 was obtained as an experimental class, namely the class that received blended learning and class XI - 3 as a control class that received mathematics learning with scientific learning and vector subjects. The instruments used to collect data are in the form of student learning achievement test questions and questionnaires on metacognitive awareness, self-efficacy, and student learning independence. Validity is determined by the consideration of the validator who concludes that the instrument used in this study is valid. Meanwhile, Cronbach's alpha of all variables in this study showed reliable values. To see if there is an effect of blended learning on metacognitive awareness, self-efficacy, learning independence and student learning achievement after research treatment is carried out in both the experimental and control classes, the T2 hotteling statistical test is used. Meanwhile, to see the advantages of scientific learning with blended learning methods compared to scientific from the perspective of metacognitive awareness, self-efficacy, learning independence and student learning achievement from both classes, univariate t test statistics were used. The results of the study showed that :(1) there was an effect of blended learning on metacognitive awareness, self-efficacy, learning independence, and student achievement simultaneously; (2) scientific blended learning is not superior to scientific in terms of metacognitive awareness, self-efficacy, and learning independence of high school/MA students; (3) scientific blended learning is superior to scientific in terms of learning achievement of high school/MA students.

This research aims to identify and synthesize previous research related to optimizing Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in improving students' critical thinking skills in mathematics learning through a systematic literature review. Data was collected from relevant scientific articles published in the last 10 years using certain keywords through databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. The results of the literature review show that the application of PBL consistently plays a role in improving students' critical thinking abilities, especially when supported by strategies such as the use of relevant contextual problems, structured feedback, and directed teacher guidance. These findings confirm the constructivist theory which states that meaningful learning occurs when students are actively involved in authentic problem solving. However, there are variations in results across educational levels and countries, indicating the importance of contextual adaptation in the implementation of PBL. In addition, the lack of comprehensive practical guidance and long-term evaluation instruments is a major obstacle. The conclusions of this research emphasize the need to develop clearer PBL implementation guidelines and more accurate evaluation instruments to measure its impact on students' critical thinking abilities, as well as the potential of PBL in improving the quality of mathematics learning that encourages critical thinking skills as an important competency in 21st century education.

Mathematics education in Indonesia faces significant challenges in raising students' awareness of the relevance of mathematics in daily life and the workforce, particularly in the digital era and knowledge-based economy. This study aims to assess the influence of students' awareness of the importance of mathematics in their future careers. Using a quantitative approach, the research collects data from students at various educational levels and analyzes their views on the relationship between mathematics and career development. The results show that students' awareness of the relevance of mathematics in careers, especially in technology, economics, and science, affects their interest and motivation to study mathematics. These findings indicate the importance of increasing awareness through more relevant and technology-based learning approaches to prepare students to face career challenges in the future.  

This research is classroom action research (PTK) which aims to determine the increase in learning motivation and learning outcomes of grade IV elementary school students in mathematics subjects through the Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) approach. Data was collected using questionnaire and test techniques, which were carried out three times, namely at the pre-cycle stage, cycle I and cycle II. The application of the TaRL approach in mathematics learning has proven successful in increasing students' learning motivation. Based on the results of observations, the percentage of learning motivation increased from 49% in the pre-cycle to 61% in cycle I, and rose again to 78% in cycle II. Apart from that, student learning outcomes also showed a significant improvement, with the percentage of completion increasing from 56% in the pre-cycle to 70% in cycle I, and reaching 83% in cycle II, which is included in the good category.

Mathematics is an important subject for students to master in facing the challenges of the 21st century. However, there are still many students who experience difficulties in learning mathematics. This is because learning mathematics is abstract and far from life. Therefore, the student mathematics education study program community service team introduced the Indonesian realistic mathematics education (PMRI) learning model at MTs Janki Dausat to increase student motivation in learning mathematics. As a result of this activity, students become motivated and enjoy learning mathematics, which can be seen from the students' enthusiasm and activeness in learning mathematics.

This research aimed to improve students’ activities and learning outcomes of Mathematics in solving problems related to money on chapter whole numbers up to 100.000 by using project-based learning integrated with social emotional learning (SEL) for students at class 5 in SDN Pilangrejo 02. This research used classroom action research which carried out in 2 cycles. Each cycle was carried out in 4 stages, includes planning, action, observation, and reflection. This research used observation, tests and documentation as the instruments. The data analysis used qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The result of this study showed the percentage of students’ activity in cycle I reached 58.84% and increased 87.23% in cycle II. The percentage of learning outcomes in pre-test (pre-cycle) reached 27.28% with average score of 60, it increased 72.23% with average score of 80 in post-test (cycle I), and increased to 90% with average score of 93 in post-test (cycle II). So, it concluded that the implementation of Project Based Learning integrated with Social Emotional Learning (SEL) can improve the students’ activities and learning outcomes of mathematics subjects at class 5 in SDN Pilangrejo 02.

he ability of young children to understand beginning mathematics is still relatively low. This is because the learning process in early childhood is not carried out in accordance with the child's age development. The aim of this research is to describe the use of flashcard media in introducing early mathematics concepts to early childhood. The research method used in this research is using literature study techniques by reviewing several pieces of literature from various existing sources which are adapted to the research topic. The data analysis technique used in this research consists of three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and verification or drawing conclusions. The research results obtained in this study are that the use of flashcard media can help children understand initial mathematical concepts such as the concepts of numbers and geometry. This is because the flashcard media displays images, basic geometric shapes which have quantities corresponding to the number symbols 1-10, so that children can easily understand the meaning of the numbers 1-10 based on the quantity of the images of the basic geometric shapes displayed in the flashcard media.

This study aims to analyze the intuitive thinking skills of junior high school students in solving geometric problems based on their learning styles: visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. The research employed a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through a learning style questionnaire to categorize students, problem-solving tests on geometric shapes, and in-depth interviews to explore students' intuitive thinking abilities. The findings indicate that students with a visual learning style exhibit stronger intuitive thinking skills compared to those with auditory and kinesthetic learning styles. Visual learners provided clear and well-structured answers aligned with intuitive thinking indicators such as Catalytic Inference, Power of Synthesis, and Common Sense. Conversely, auditory learners tended to give less detailed answers, although they could identify relevant information. Kinesthetic learners offered brief and less detailed responses, particularly in specifying measurements and units in their calculations. These findings underscore the importance of understanding students' diverse learning styles to optimize mathematics teaching strategies, particularly in enhancing problem-solving skills and intuitive thinking.

This research is an action to find out the influence of the NHT learning model assisted  by Ice Breaking on the Learning Interest of Class XI C.1 Students of SMA Negeri 1 Kuta Utara. This classroom action research conducts a reflective action in order to improve learning practices for students in terms of professionalism. In this class action research, the subject of the study is students of class XI C1 SMA Negeri 1 Kuta Utara for the 2023/2024 school year consisting of 38 students. The score of 55.59 (low category) shows the results of the analysis of the first cycle. It is clear that students' interest in learning is still relatively low and there needs to be a big improvement in the second cycle. The score of 89.1 (very high category) was shown in cycle II after a careful analysis of the improvements in cycle I. So from the data obtained and processed in cycles I and II, it can be concluded that there is an influence in mathematics learning with the application of  the Numbered Head Together  type cooperative learning model assisted by Ice Breaking.