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This article describes the implementation of the Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) approach by utilizing the integrated application "BelaJARingan" at SDN Dukuh Menanggal I/424 Surabaya. This study aims to increase student involvement in the learning process, as well as foster a deeper understanding of culture through contextual learning. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation of the learning process in class 4A SDN Dukuh Menanggal I/424 Surabaya involving 30 students with diverse cultural backgrounds. Data analysis was carried out descriptively by grouping the results of observations and interviews to assess the effectiveness of the application of technology-based CRT in increasing student learning motivation and cultural understanding. By integrating digital technology and local culture, this application allows students to access teaching materials, quizzes, and culture-based projects. The results of the study indicate that this approach not only improves learning achievement but also encourages appreciation for cultural diversity. Despite technical constraints, the technology-based CRT approach has proven effective in creating a more interactive and meaningful learning process for students.      

This study investigates the impact of contextual problem-solving on students' mathematical reasoning abilities, comparing it to traditional problem-solving exercises. The study employs a quasi-experimental design with two groups: an experimental group exposed to contextual problem-solving activities and a control group using conventional methods. The experimental group demonstrated a 24% improvement in their mathematical reasoning abilities compared to the control group. Contextual problem-solving, which integrates real-world problems into the learning process, was found to be more engaging and effective in promoting deeper understanding and application of mathematical concepts. The study highlights the benefits of contextual learning in making abstract mathematical concepts more tangible and relatable to students. The findings suggest that by connecting mathematical knowledge to real-world scenarios, students develop stronger reasoning skills and improve their problem-solving capabilities. Moreover, the study recommends incorporating more contextual problem-solving exercises into curricula and providing teachers with training on how to implement these strategies effectively. It also suggests that future research explore the long-term effects of contextual problem-solving on other learning areas, such as critical thinking and creative problem-solving. This approach not only enhances students' mathematical reasoning but also fosters a more engaging and meaningful learning environment, thus preparing students to apply their mathematical knowledge in real-life situations.

Learning is an active process carried out by individuals to experience behavioral changes through interaction with their surrounding environment. This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of Fiqh subjects for grade IV students of MIN 13 Magetan in the 2023/2024 academic year, especially on the material of the five obligatory prayers, through the application of discussion strategies in learning. The problem raised in this study is the low learning outcomes of students who have not reached the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM). This research was conducted from March to April 2023 with the subject of teachers as implementers of discussion strategies and 40 grade IV students as students. The method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR), supported by observation data through assessment sheets. The results of the study showed that discussion strategies were effective in improving learning outcomes. In cycle I, the percentage of student learning completion classically reached 70% and was classified as incomplete. However, in cycle II there was an increase to 80%, which was included in the complete category. Thus, it can be concluded that the implementation of discussion strategies can have a positive impact on improving the Fiqh learning outcomes of grade IV students at MIN 13 Magetan in the 2023/2024 academic year.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of Augmented Reality (AR) media in improving students' understanding of atomic structure. The background of this study is based on the importance of innovation in chemistry learning to improve students' engagement and understanding of concepts. The method used is an experiment with a pretest-posttest design, where students are divided into control and experimental groups. The results showed that the use of AR significantly improved students' understanding compared to conventional methods. These findings indicate that AR technology can be an effective tool in chemistry education to strengthen abstract concepts. The implications of this study indicate the need for technology integration in the learning process to improve the quality of science education.

The results of observations and interviews at MTs Negeri 2 Surabaya City showed that the achievement of the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM) of 75 in the subject of Fiqh is still relatively low. The low learning outcomes of students are caused by the lack of focus during learning and the minimal use of learning media by teachers. The media used tend to be less varied, so that the learning process becomes monotonous and less interesting. This study aims to determine the application of snakes and ladders media in improving learning outcomes in the subject of Fiqh. The method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) with 32 class VIII E students as research subjects. Data collection techniques are carried out through student learning outcomes and filling out observation sheets. Data are analyzed quantitatively and presented in percentage form. The results of the study show that the use of snakes and ladders media has a positive impact on improving student learning outcomes. In cycle I, the completion of learning outcomes reached 69%, and increased to 81% in cycle II. Thus, there is an increase of 12% between cycle I and cycle II. This shows that snakes and ladders media is effective in improving student learning outcomes in the subject of Fiqh.

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of 5th-grade students at SD Negeri 21 Belinyu on the topic of the human circulatory system through the Use Of Studen Worksheets (LKPD). This research employs a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method, consisting of two cycles. Each cycle includes the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were 22 students in the 5th grade. Data collected includes students’ test result, observations of student learning activities, and questionnaires on students’ responses to the use of LKPD. The results indicate that the use of LKPD significantly improves students’ learning outcomes. The average student score increased from 66,60 and in the first cycle to 72,05 in the second cycle. Additionally, student learning activities also improved, with students becoming more actively engaged in the learning process. The questionnaire results showed that students responded positively to the use of LKPD,finding it helpful in understanding the material. Therefor, the use of LKPD is proven to be effective in enhancing students’ learning outcomes on the topic of  the human circulatory system.

Education has an important role not only in the transfer of knowledge but also in the formation of students' character and social skills, such as cooperation skills. At SMP 8 Palangkaraya, efforts to improve the cooperation skills of grade VII students were made through an arts-based project, namely P5 Tari Nusantara. The project aims to provide direct guidance to students in the learning process, not only in the technical mastery of dance, but also in the development of social skills such as planning, communication, and collaboration. Through this activity, students are expected to be able to develop mutual respect, share responsibilities, and complete tasks effectively in groups. Structured mentoring also involves teachers and parents to ensure the skills taught can be applied in daily life. As a result, the project is expected to be an effective model for improving cooperation skills and enriching students' learning experience at SMP 8 Palangkaraya.

The main objective of this study was to determine the extent to which students' critical thinking skills can be improved through the implementation of a guided inquiry learning model based on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). This study used a quasi-experimental approach with a post-test only control group design. The study population consisted of 5 classes with a total of 190 students. From this population, the researcher took a sample of 68 students through a simple random sampling technique. The sample was then divided into two groups, namely 34 students for the experimental class and 34 students for the control class. The research instrument was a critical thinking skills test consisting of 20 objective, reasoned questions. The research data were analyzed using a t-test. Based on the calculation results, the t-value was 3.792, while the t-table value at a significance level of 0.05 was 2.037. This indicates that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. Thus, there is a significant difference between the critical thinking skills of students who participated in learning with a guided inquiry model based on ESD compared to conventional learning. In addition, the improvement in critical thinking skills was also analyzed through the N-Gain calculation. The results showed that the experimental class achieved a 65% improvement, categorized as moderate, while the control class achieved a 59% improvement, also categorized as moderate. These findings indicate that guided inquiry learning integrated with ESD principles provides a more effective way to foster students' critical thinking skills compared to traditional methods. Therefore, ESD-based guided inquiry learning can be an alternative, innovative learning strategy to improve the quality of the learning process in secondary schools.

This study aims to enhance the competence of RA/TK/PAUD teachers in teaching basic Arabic through training based on the digital application Google Classroom in Desa Kembang, Pacitan Regency in 2024. The training was designed as an interactive learning medium that allows teachers to access, manage, and deliver materials online, while also monitoring student progress. The research employed a Community Service (PKM) approach with data collection through observation, questionnaires, and documentation of teaching practices. The results indicate that the training improved teachers’ ability to create virtual classes, assign tasks, utilize discussion forums, and deliver Arabic language materials interactively. Teachers became more confident and creative in developing learning modules, while student engagement increased through digital interaction and multimedia materials. Nevertheless, challenges related to teachers’ digital literacy and internet connectivity need to be addressed for long-term implementation effectiveness. The study confirms that integrating Google Classroom as a learning medium can strengthen the basic Arabic learning process at the PAUD level, while also promoting the development of interactive and easily accessible digital learning modules. These findings can serve as a reference for other educational institutions in implementing digital learning for early childhood education.

The problems of this research were students’ lack of vocabulary, lack of pronunciation, lost confident, a fear of making mistakes, and speaking English is difficult to learn. This research aimed to find out how the TGT method improves students' speaking ability and the significant factors in using the TGT method at SMPN 2 Padang. This research used purposive sampling and VIII.5 as sample in the classroom. This research used qualitative research design and Classroom Action Research approach that consisted 2 cycles, and has four stages, namely; planning, action, observation, and reflection. The instrument of this research was test; pre-test and post-test, observation sheet, and questionnaire. The research results showed a significant increase in students' speaking ability, the improvement of percentage was 18.75% from pre-test to post-test II. The questionnaire revealed that 88.12% of students preferred learning with intrinsic motivation, which showed that the importance of motivation in the learning process.

This research discusses the development of pop-up book media for vocabulary mastery among eighth-grade students at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Palopo. The aim of this research is (1) to understand the process of developing pop-up book media for vocabulary mastery among eighth-grade students at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Palopo. (2) to determine the validity level of the pop-up book media for vocabulary mastery among eighth-grade students at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Palopo. This type of research is development research using the Research and Development (R&D) approach with the ADDIE model. The data collection methods include observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The results of this study show that the validation score from the media expert is 93.33%, categorized as highly valid. The validation score from the subject matter expert is 95.38%, also categorized as highly valid. The validation score from the learning expert is 80%, categorized as valid. The trial results obtained a percentage of 83.24%, categorized as highly feasible. Therefore, it can be concluded that the pop-up book media is highly feasible for use in teaching Arabic to eighth-grade students.

This research is motivated by the interest in learning to learn to read the Qur'an is very important for santri / female students of fishermen's children at MDTA Darul Hujjaj Joundul II Complex Tabing Hajj Dormitory. The purpose of this research in general is to find out how the interest in learning and the ability to read the Qur'an of fishermen's children at MDTA Darul Hujjaj Joundul II Complex Tabing Hajj Dormitory. This research uses a qualitative approach in the form of a case study. Data collection techniques in this study are using observation, interview and documentation techniques. Then the data that has been collected is processed with the analysis model. The results of the research conducted, the author can conclude that there are several variations in the interest and ability to read the al quran of fishermen's children at MDTA Darul Hujjaj. For santri who have been able to read Al quran and Iqro‘ fluently on average have a high interest in learning Al qur'an, while on the contrary for santri who have not been able to read Al quran and Iqro’ on average have a low interest in learning Al qur'an. Therefore, the figure of a teacher in this process is an important thing, because from the results of the study it is concluded that the way and method of teaching an MDTA teacher can affect the ability and interest in reading of fishermen's children in MDTA Darul Hujjaj.

In order for students to actively develop their potential for religious spiritual strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, morality, life sciences, general knowledge, and the skills they need for society based on the law, education is a planned basic effort to create a learning atmosphere and learning process. Invite. Although it can also be autodidactic, education frequently takes place with the assistance of other people as well as biological parents. Preschool, elementary school, middle school, high school, and finally college, university, or apprenticeship are the typical phases of education. Another important factor in a region's development is education. Therefore, a decision support system that can make suggestions for choosing state institutions and study programs is required for West Sumba Regency SMA/Vocational Schools. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach is used to weight the value of each criterion, and the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method is used to calculate the weighted total or to order the alternatives from best. The weights of each alternative—a state university or study program—along with all of its features are added up to determine recommendations for selecting one. The chosen option will be indicated by a higher value. This system generates a report on the outcomes of management decisions, which includes the management's selections based on all options arranged from greatest to smallest SAW value. MySQL and Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 were used to develop the decision support system suggestions for choosing state colleges and study programs for the database.    

This research aims to identify barriers to the use of Indonesian in the learning process in the Physical Education, Health and Recreation study program. To measure perceptions and experiences regarding the use of Indonesian in learning, especially in understanding technical content, providing teaching, and communicating between students. This research uses a quantitative approach method by distributing questionnaires to third semester students. The research results show that the majority of respondents think that using Indonesian is effective in understanding basic concepts, but it is difficult to understand technical terms in foreign languages. In addition, misunderstandings often occur between instructors and students, especially in teaching practice environments. Another barrier identified was the lack of specific vocabulary in Indonesian to explain complex concepts in the fields of sport and health. The results of this research indicate that there is a need to adopt terminology in Indonesian that is easier to understand and improve instructors' abilities in creating teaching materials in language that is easier to understand.

At every educational institution there is a library for students to use at that institution. Likewise with SMP Negeri 2 Wewewa Tengah. At the school there is a library but it still uses a bookkeeping management system or is still written manually, while the number of active borrowers is almost all students carrying out the borrowing process at the school. The process of borrowing books in the library begins when students come to the library and tell the library staff that they want to borrow books. Then students select the books they want to borrow on the shelves provided. Next, the library staff records the borrower's data, such as full name, student identification number, and class, as well as data on books borrowed, such as book title, author, and inventory number in the ledger used as a borrowing register.). The school library has a strategic role and function in developing the potential of students from the entire academic community in the school environment. The library is part of the learning resources that every school has, a library that is still manual is something that needs to be created a system that can help with administrative activities. With the e-library, users can access it together with other users without having to wait in line. The search process is easier and faster because it is assisted by an information search engine that uses a database. This system presents a variant of the digital library, including a user page section that presents books available at the Central Wewewa State library

This study examines the optimization of school-based management (SBM) in improving student performance in the era of the 2023 curriculum. With the background of the importance of adapting to curriculum changes and the challenges faced in the education system, this research aims to identify effective SBM strategies and their impact on student performance. The methodology employed is qualitative research, utilizing data collection techniques such as interviews, questionnaires, observations, and document studies. The findings indicate that the implementation of SBM, which involves all stakeholders collaboratively, can significantly enhance student learning outcomes. Furthermore, this study provides recommendations for strengthening teacher training and increasing parental involvement in the educational process. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of sustaining SBM practices to create a responsive and adaptive learning environment and to achieve better educational goals in the future.

Motivation has an important role in the teaching and learning process for both teachers and students. For teachers, knowing students' learning motivation is very necessary. maintain and increase students' enthusiasm for learning. For students, learning motivation can foster enthusiasm for learning so that students are encouraged to carry out learning actions. Students carry out learning activities happily because they are driven by motivation. Currently, many students are less motivated to study. Backpropagation is a supervised learning algorithm and is usually used by perceptrons with many layers to change the weights connected to neurons in the hidden layer. Based on the learning rate and maximum epoch values, artificial neural networks using the backpropagation method can predict the level of student learning motivation with convergent results or the target error is achieved with an epoch of 11 iterations and a training process time (time) of 0.00.08 seconds. From the student learning motivation criteria data which is used as training data, the training targets can be identified. Yes and no input which is transformed into 0 and 1 can predict the level of student learning motivation with low, medium and high student motivation targets with reslt testing 80%.

This study highlights the importance of differentiated learning in the educational context, particularly for equivalency program students. Education serves as a process for delivering culture that supports the development of attitudes and knowledge. Within the framework of the Merdeka Curriculum, teachers are expected to innovate in delivering material and instilling character values. The goal of differentiated learning is to meet the diverse needs of students, considering the unique characteristics of each individual that influence their learning styles. There are four main components of differentiated learning: differentiation of content, process, product, and learning environment. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method to explore the implementation of differentiated learning in writing expository texts. The findings indicate that despite challenges such as a lack of training for teachers, the application of appropriate strategies can enhance students' writing skills. This study recommends further support for teachers to effectively implement differentiated learning, creating meaningful and inclusive learning experiences for students.

Education is a conscious and planned pedagogical effort to develop students in various aspects of life. And teacher plays a significant role in the educational process to create a conducive classroom atmosphere which greatly affects student learning outcomes. Concentration is a key for students in learning, and in oder to improve students focus to study, it is necessary to use learning media of song or music. During the teaching practice at primary school of Sukajadi Haurgeulis, the researcher observed and recognized that the first-grade students were less conducive. They often run and played around and also had less attention to teacher. The students got involved more with their classmates. Therefore, the teacher is required to modify the learning process to foster better and enjoyful learning activities which lead to learning enthusiasm. The study aims to explore the use of song as learning media in the classroom and to find out whether the media can improve student concentration. The study uses a descriptive qualitative approach through data collection of observation, interviews, and documentation to gather information and data. The study shows that the use of song learning media affects and increases student engagement. The song offers several benefits, such as students motivation enhancement, and the improvement of memory retention and learning focus. Songs are played in three different purposes involving the classroom introduction phase, student readiness check, and introduction of the alphabet lesson topic. The positive impacts resulted in the study are as follow better students’ attention during lessons, student concentration improvement, and simple comprehension of learning topic and many more dynamic learning creation.

State High School 4 Batang Hari found the phenomenon that the school has complete educational facilities, supported by Representative Classrooms, Counseling Guidance Room, Multimedia Room, Computer Laboratory, Science Laboratory, Sports Facilities and Prayer Room that supports the learning process. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach, collecting data through observation, interviews, and documentation. The collected data is analyzed through the process of data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the research findings show that the Principal Quality Leadership Experience has been applied by the Principal through various activities, namely having previous experience as a Deputy Principal in the curriculum field, always active in the activities of the Teacher Professional organization, having experience in forming teamwork in paying attention to and Have experience in improving the quality of education through the learning process.