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Refi Mariska; Siti Mumun Muniroh

Al-Tarbiyah: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Islam 2025 STAI YPIQ BAUBAU, SULAWESI TENGGARA

The digital era brings challenges as well as opportunities for Wustho students in managing self-regulation, especially in the use of technology and digital media. This study aims to analyze the optimization strategy of self-regulation of Wustho students in facing the digital era, focusing on aspects of time management, self-control, and technology adaptation. A qualitative approach is used in this study, involving observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The results of the study show that student self-regulation can be improved through the integration of education-based technology, digital discipline habituation, and independence training programs. This strategy not only helps students in managing their daily activities but also supports the achievement of learning goals more effectively. The implications of this study provide practical guidance for Islamic educational institutions to prepare students to become independent and adaptive individuals in the era of digital transformation. The findings of this study are that strengthening spiritual-based intrinsic motivation can be an effective strategy to build self-regulation among students. This approach offers uniqueness, namely connecting religious values with self-management skills in the digital era, thus providing a strong moral foundation for students in using technology wisely. The implications of this study highlight the need for pesantren policies that are more adaptive to digital developments, while still maintaining Islamic identity as a core value in pesantren education.

Aristamy, I Gusti Ayu Agung Mas; Mutiarani, Rizkita Ayu; Winatha, Komang Redy; Naratama, I Made Edo

Jurnal Riset Rumpun Seni, Desain dan Media 2025 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This study aims to develop an interactive mobile application-based learning media to introduce Devanagari Sanskrit script to Indonesian teenagers. The background of this research is the lack of communicative, contextual, and engaging learning media for the digital generation in learning traditional scripts. The development method uses the ADDIE model modified with a visual communication design approach and integration of local Balinese cultural values. The results show that this media successfully combines strong visual elements, interactive voice narratives, and Balinese cultural iconography in one mobile-friendly platform. Validation from design and cultural experts shows a very high level of feasibility, supported by positive responses from student users at the Dvipantara Samskrtam Foundation. This research makes a real contribution to the preservation of traditional scripts through a digital educational approach that is adaptive to the learning needs of today's teenagers. In addition, this research also opens opportunities for the development of similar learning media for other traditional scripts, thereby increasing awareness and understanding of Indonesia's rich culture among the younger generation. By integrating technology in learning, it is hoped that the preservation of Indonesian culture can go hand in hand with the progress of the times.

Nurmayani Nurmayani; Rendi Prilandi; Dinda Prati Dina Arsah; Fajra Lativa Asri; Sazkyla Nur Efendi +1 more

Jurnal Bintang Pendidikan Indonesia 2025 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This study focuses on how the use of Student Worksheets (LKPD) can support the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning process at MIS Al-Hidayah. Using a qualitative approach, researchers explored the experiences of teachers and students through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results indicate that LKPD equipped with visual media can create a more engaging learning environment, motivate students, and facilitate their understanding of the material. Teachers design LKPD with pictures and sequential steps, enabling students to be more active and able to learn independently or in groups. Despite obstacles, such as limited time for development and incomplete school facilities, teacher creativity and collaboration with colleagues proved key to success. These findings confirm that LKPD can be an effective learning tool, not only for improving cognitive understanding but also for instilling Islamic values ​​in students. This study also has implications for the development of PAI learning strategies in madrasah-based elementary schools. Thus, the innovative use of LKPD can become a sustainable learning model to improve the quality of Islamic education in the future.

Meriana Malo; Vinsensius Aprila Kore Dima; Agustina Purnami Setiawi

Router : Jurnal Teknik Informatika dan Terapan 2025 Asosiasi Profesi Telekomunikasi dan Informatika Indonesia

This research aims to develop a web-based e-learning application at Sekolah Dasar Masehi Tanggaba by applying the Waterfall software development model. The background of this study stems from the need for interactive, flexible, and easily accessible learning media in the digital era, considering that conventional face-to-face methods are still predominantly used in schools. The Waterfall model was chosen because it provides a systematic workflow through the stages of requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Data collection was carried out through observations, teacher interviews, and documentation studies to identify the actual needs of users.The results of this study produced an e-learning application with key features, including learning material management, interactive quizzes, discussion forums, and automated assessment. Teachers can upload structured materials and assignments, while students can access learning content, complete exercises, and interact through forums more flexibly. System testing was conducted using the black box method to ensure that each function runs according to user requirements and specifications. Based on the testing results, the application was proven to function properly, be practical to use, and effective in supporting the learning process. Teachers found it helpful in managing materials and assignments, while students experienced more independent and interactive learning that was not limited to the classroom. Therefore, the developed e-learning application can be considered valid, practical, and effective as a supporting learning medium in elementary schools and has the potential to improve learning quality in the digital era.

Yoga Prisma Yoga; Alim Citra Aria Bima; Inung Diah Kurniawati; M. Fatkhur Rahman

Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia Sejahtera 2025 STAI YPIQ BAUBAU, SULAWESI TENGGARA

The development of information technology is very important in the world of education. Education taught in Islamic boarding schools is no exception. A teacher at an Islamic boarding school also needs to master technology in the field of multimedia in providing learning videos. This is done in order to help teachers deliver material in a more interesting way to their students. Therefore, a workshop on using Filmora as an alternative for making learning videos is needed. The methods used in this service activity are survey activities, preparation stage, implementation stage, and evaluation stage. The results obtained from this workshop activity were an increase in the abilities of the teachers at the Ar-Rayyan Islamic boarding school. Previously only around 30% of teachers were able to make learning videos, after the workshop was held there are now 85% of teachers who can use technology to make learning videos. Apart from that, the results of the questionnaire analysis distributed to the participants also obtained an average score of 4.1 which is in the good category. The participants (teachers) at the Ar-Rayyan Islamic Boarding School were very enthusiastic in taking part in the workshop activities that had been carried out.

Hoerul Kusban; Siti Qomariyah; Atep Abdurohman; Ridwan Hermawan

Hikmah : Jurnal Studi Pendidikan Agama Islam 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

The low level of students’ understanding of religious practices and Islamic values in daily life poses a significant challenge in teaching Islamic Religious Education (PAI). In the topic of “Hajj and Umrah” for Grade IX students at SMP PGRI Bencoy, Cireunghas District, Sukabumi, the learning process plays a vital role in shaping Islamic character and instilling noble morals. This subject not only emphasizes theoretical knowledge but also promotes a deeper understanding of the procedures for performing Hajj and Umrah in accordance with Islamic law. This study aims to critically analyze the learning objectives, content, methods, evaluation, references, and teaching materials used by teachers in the instructional process. A qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through classroom observations, interviews with teachers and students, as well as an analysis of learning documents. The findings reveal that PAI instruction on the topic of Hajj and Umrah is aligned with the basic competencies and curriculum requirements. However, shortcomings remain in the relevance of the material to real-life contexts, the limited use of technological media, and the less-than-optimal assessment of affective and psychomotor domains. Strengthening students’ understanding of Islamic teachings in their daily lives is essential for developing a holistic Islamic personality. Overall, while the teaching materials are relatively appropriate, further development is needed to make them more applicable, contextual, and impactful in enhancing students’ comprehension and practice of Islamic teachings in everyday life.

Nurul Hidayah; Jailani Jailani

International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Matematika dan Sains Indonesia

This study aims to develop a junior high school mathematics e-module based on local culture at the Van der Wijck Fortress complex to enhance students’ mathematical reasoning skills and learning interest. Specifically, the objectives are: (1) to describe the characteristics of the local culture-based e-module that can improve reasoning ability and learning motivation, and (2) to produce a high-quality e-module that meets the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The research employed the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The participants consisted of one teacher, 31 students in the experimental class, and 32 students in the control class at a public junior high school in Kebumen Regency. The instruments used included validation sheets for media and material, competency tests, mathematical reasoning tests, learning interest questionnaires, and practicality assessment forms for teachers and students. The results showed that the e-module possesses characteristics of being self-instructional, self-contained, stand-alone, adaptive, and user-friendly. Product validity was confirmed through expert validation with average scores of 4.26 for media and 4.35 for material (very valid). The validation of instruments obtained average scores ranging from 4.5 to 4.92, categorized as very valid. Practicality was demonstrated through teacher assessments of 92%, student assessments of 85%, and learning implementation of 94% (all very practical). Effectiveness testing using the Multivariate Hotelling’s T² test indicated significant differences between experimental and control classes in competency test scores, mathematical reasoning, and learning interest. Therefore, the local culture-based mathematics e-module is proven valid, practical, and effective in enhancing students’ mathematical reasoning and learning motivation.

Siti Faridah; Eko Suroso

Jurnal Hukum, Politik dan Humaniora 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

This study examines the practice of project-based procedural text learning in seventh grade at SMP Negeri 4 Cilacap in the context of the implementation of the Independent Curriculum. The approach used was qualitative with a case study method through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results showed that teachers implemented contextual and project-based learning strategies by utilizing digital media and integrating the values ​​of the Pancasila Student Profile. Students demonstrated active involvement in learning activities, especially in the creation of video tutorials and procedural posters. However, there were still obstacles in the form of teachers' limited understanding of the application of learning differentiation and formative assessment, as well as a lack of adequate digital infrastructure support. This study provides a theoretical contribution to the development of a more contextual and transformative Indonesian language learning model. Practically, these findings can serve as a reference for teachers and policymakers in designing learning strategies relevant to student needs and encouraging the use of innovative media to increase student participation and understanding, particularly in coastal areas.

Ali Wafi; Tri Wahyudi Ramdhan; Zainal Hakim; M. Imamul Muttaqin; Bustomi Arisandi +1 more

Jurnal Masyarakat Mengabdi Nusantara 2025 STIPAS Tahasak Danum Pambelum Keuskupan Palangkaraya

This study evaluates the effectiveness of ICT-based media training in enhancing the competence of religious counselors. The training focuses on developing counselors' digital and communication skills, enabling them to proficiently create, manage, and utilize ICT media for religious education. Using a structured Service-Learning approach, the program consists of four stages: initial needs assessment and planning, implementation with a pre-assessment, post-training evaluation conducted via Google Forms, and subsequent mentoring to reinforce skill application. The results indicate significant advancements in counselors' ability to employ ICT media in engaging and relevant ways that align with modern educational demands. Through this training, counselors are better equipped to deliver religious content that appeals to a broad audience, thereby enhancing the accessibility and effectiveness of religious guidance in today’s digital environment. Findings demonstrate that ICT-based training serves as an effective method for equipping religious educators with vital digital skills, ultimately supporting their role in providing impactful religious counseling within contemporary contexts..

Amalia Kusuma Dewi; Ernita Vika Aulia; Muhamad Arif Mahdiannur

Konstanta : Jurnal Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam 2025 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

The development of digital media and innovative learning models in Junior High School Science education reflects a sustained commitment to meeting the demands of 21st-century skills and improving the quality of science instruction. A comprehensive literature review (2019–2024) reveals the dominance of the Research and Development (R&D) approach, which consistently yields highly valid, practical, and effective digital resources, such as Augmented Reality (AR), Android-based applications, and interactive educational games. These digital tools are synergistically integrated with modern instructional models, including Problem-Based Learning (PBL), Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL), and Predict-Observe-Explain (POE), which are proven effective in increasing student engagement, enhancing cognitive outcomes, and honing essential competencies such as Science Process Skills (SPS) and Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Ultimately, this integration contributes significantly to overcoming learning difficulties in complex and abstract Science topics (e.g., the human digestive system) while also effectively addressing contemporary educational challenges, fostering meaningful learning experiences, and supporting long-term academic success for students.

Marsya Grace Lady Waruwu; Naomi Meiati Sinaga; Aisyah Putri; Agnes Yohana Lumban Batu; Asri Natalia Sitompul +3 more

Journal of Student Research 2025 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This study aims to analyze the implementation of creative learning among lower-grade students at SDS Parulian 2 Medan. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method with data collected through observation and questionnaires. The subjects were 51 students from grades II and III. The observation results indicate that teachers still tend to use conventional methods; however, students appeared more enthusiastic when the lessons were accompanied by creative activities such as educational games, quizzes, and the use of concrete media. The questionnaire findings support this, showing that 66.1% of students expressed liking creative learning, 17.6% stated it was average, and 16.3% reported less interest. The combined average score of 2.49 indicates that students’ interest in creative learning is at a moderate to high level. These findings highlight that the application of simple creative strategies can provide more enjoyable and meaningful learning experiences for elementary students. The study recommends that teachers optimize the use of media and varied methods to make learning more engaging and aligned with students’ developmental needs.

Widia Wulandari; Siti Darwa Suryani; Irwandi Irwandi

International Journal of Educational Research 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Indonesia

Critical thinking ability is one of the important competencies that students must possess in biology learning. This research aims to develop Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Student Worksheets to train students' critical thinking skills in Plant Anatomy courses. This research uses the Research and Development method with a simplified 4-D model consisting of three stages: Define, Design, and Develop. The research subjects were second-semester Biology Education Study Program students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu. Research instruments included media and material expert validation sheets, as well as student response questionnaires. Validation was conducted by one media expert and one material expert, then tested on 5 students (limited trial) and 22 students (extensive trial). Validation results showed that the student worksheets received a "very valid" category with 86% from media experts and 88% from material experts. Practicality tests showed "very practical" results with 89% in limited trials and 91% in extensive trials. The developed student worksheets contained contextual problem scenarios, systematic PBL stages, and critical discussion questions that encourage students to analyze, evaluate, and conclude based on empirical data. This research concludes that PBL-based student worksheets are feasible to use as learning media to train students' critical thinking skills in Plant Anatomy courses.

Andik Prakasa Hadi; Rudjiono Rudjiono

Jurnal Riset Rumpun Seni, Desain dan Media 2025 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This study explores the development and implementation of an Augmented Reality (AR)-based learning medium to enhance students’ understanding of tajwid at Madrasah Aliyah. The background of this research stems from the limited effectiveness of conventional teaching methods and the relatively low interest of students in learning tajwid. AR-based learning was chosen because it provides a more interactive and contextualized learning experience that actively engages learners. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, which consists of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The participants were Madrasah Aliyah students selected as the experimental group. The findings reveal that the AR learning medium significantly improves students’ comprehension of tajwid rules compared to traditional learning approaches. Moreover, students reported high levels of satisfaction, noting that the media was engaging, user-friendly, and capable of visualizing abstract tajwid rules in a clear and accessible manner. In conclusion, integrating AR technology into Islamic education, particularly tajwid learning, holds great potential to improve learning quality while fostering students’ motivation to explore the subject more deeply.

Vevi Arini Azizatus Sufaidah; Ariyadi Wijaya

International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Matematika dan Sains Indonesia

This research aims to: (1) produce mathematics learning media in the form of interactive e-modules with a learning approach.realistic mathematics education (RME) which is oriented towards numerical ability and mathematical growth mindset students and describe their characteristics; (2) describe the quality of the learning e-module which meets the criteria of being valid, practical and effective so that it is suitable for use by junior high school students using the approach realistic mathematics education (RME). The development model used in this development research is the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The research subjects consisted of one teacher and 32 seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 3 Pajangan in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta, who participated in this research.The results of the study show that the developed e-module has the following main characteristics: (1) using the RME approach in learning strategies; (2) facilitating the improvement of numeracy through learning videos, LKPD, and quizzes; (3) fostering growth mindset through motivational videos, inspirational sentences, discussion spaces, as well as feedback and self-evaluation features; and (4) using test- and questionnaire-based evaluation instruments. Validity tests showed very good results with an average score of 96% from media experts and 98% from material experts. The practicality of the e-module was assessed as very good by teachers (96.19%) and good by students (80.47%), and the implementation of learning reached 96.8%. Effectiveness was proven through MANOVA and t-tests which showed a significant increase in numeracy and mathematical growth mindset after using the e-module. Thus, the RME-based interactive e-module is suitable for use as an innovative mathematics learning medium at the junior high school level.

Wulandari, Safira Laila; Fitriani, Siti Khoriah; Neni, Neni

Hidayah : Cendekia Pendidikan Islam dan Hukum Syariah 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

Learning Islamic Religious Education (PAI) requires a systematic and adaptive approach to address the challenges of student development in the modern era. The ADDIE model, which encompasses needs analysis and continuous evaluation, is considered effective in developing PAI learning. This study aims to examine the application of ADDIE-based PAI learning design in enhancing learning independence. The method used is library research by reviewing journals, books, and scientific documents related to the ADDIE model, PAI learning, and learning independence. Data were analyzed using a content analysis approach to identify patterns and relevance between variables. The results show that each stage of the ADDIE model plays a crucial role in strengthening student learning independence, through the design of structured learning activities, interactive media, and evaluations that encourage self-reflection. The implications of this study emphasize the need for consistent application of the ADDIE model by PAI teachers to improve the quality of learning and the formation of independent character. Schools also need to support resources and training for optimal implementation of the ADDIE model.

Zunaida Nur’aini; Naya Deansita Maheswari; Shofa Saida Khusna; Elsa Dwi Auliya; Imam Nur Rohim +3 more

Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra dan Budaya 2025 Asosiasi Periset Bahasa Sastra Indonesia

This research is motivated by the fact that effective sentences in historical articles can be a path to progressive learning. The article “Sejarah Dunia” (World History), October 2024 edition on sejarahkita.com, was chosen as the object of research because of its relevance as a medium that can provide historical information in a clear and interesting way. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effectiveness of sentences in articles that are directed at history education, which not only focus on facts but also on the development of critical thinking skills. The method used is descriptive qualitative with listening and recording techniques. The author analyzes the sentence structure, word choice, coherence between sentences, and the chronological flow of the article using distributional and matching methods. The collected data will be tabulated to identify syntactic errors, accuracy of diction, and spelling. The findings show that the article contains a number of shortcomings in sentence structure, where the message conveyed is less clear. However, in some ways, the article also succeeds in conveying an informative and relevant history. This study will provide benefits and insights into effective sentences in historical articles to provide a basis for readers to understand various suggestions and models for progressive learning oriented towards critical thinking. In addition, this study also provides added value by preserving historical values through an easy and interesting presentation.

Nilam Aliya Putri; Sagita Tiara Dewi; Fiky Nafian; Izmi Ayyita Rahmawati; Syavrina Fatwa Aulia +3 more

Publikasi Para ahli Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris 2025 Asosiasi Periset Bahasa Sastra Indonesia

This study is based on the urgency of understanding assertive speech acts as part of pragmatic studies in speech acts in the movie Sweet 20 by Ody C. Harap. Sweet 20 was chosen because of its richness in dialogue and cross-generational representation, thus allowing in-depth analysis of speech acts. This research aims to identify, classify, and analyze the form and function of assertive speech acts used by the characters in the film. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with a pragmatic approach. The data were obtained through listening and note-taking techniques on the characters' speech in the movie. Data analysis refers to Searle and Galassi's speech act theory, which emphasizes assertive speech acts. The results show various forms of assertive speech acts, such as stating, telling, suggesting, boasting, complaining, reporting, expressing positive emotions, self-affirmation, and expressing negative emotions, which are influenced by the social and cultural context in the movie. This research contributes to the development of pragmatics studies in linguistics, can be used as a reference in learning Indonesian, especially speaking skills, and provides further insight into the use of speech acts in audio-visual media.

Zunaida Nur’aini; Naya Deansita Maheswari; Shofa Saida Khusna; Elsa Dwi Auliya; Imam Nur Rohim +3 more

Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra dan Budaya 2025 Asosiasi Periset Bahasa Sastra Indonesia

This research is motivated by the fact that effective sentences in historical articles can be a path to progressive learning. The article “Sejarah Dunia” (World History), October 2024 edition on sejarahkita.com, was chosen as the object of research because of its relevance as a medium that can provide historical information in a clear and interesting way. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effectiveness of sentences in articles that are directed at history education, which not only focus on facts but also on the development of critical thinking skills. The method used is descriptive qualitative with listening and recording techniques. The author analyzes the sentence structure, word choice, coherence between sentences, and the chronological flow of the article using distributional and matching methods. The collected data will be tabulated to identify syntactic errors, accuracy of diction, and spelling. The findings show that the article contains a number of shortcomings in sentence structure, where the message conveyed is less clear. However, in some ways, the article also succeeds in conveying an informative and relevant history. This study will provide benefits and insights into effective sentences in historical articles to provide a basis for readers to understand various suggestions and models for progressive learning oriented towards critical thinking. In addition, this study also provides added value by preserving historical values through an easy and interesting presentation.

Rica Arisanti; Edi Harapan; Pahlawan Pahlawan

International Journal of Educational Research 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Indonesia

This research examines the influence of transactional leadership and the entrepreneurial competence of school principals on the effectiveness of education financing in primary and secondary education settings. Effective education financing is essential to ensure that limited resources are allocated optimally to improve learning quality, infrastructure, and institutional sustainability. Transactional leadership—marked by clear performance standards, reward and punishment mechanisms, and strict supervision—provides a structured framework for financial accountability and goal achievement. Entrepreneurial competence, on the other hand, equips principals with the ability to recognize funding opportunities, innovate in revenue generation, and manage financial risks. The study adopts a quantitative survey design involving school principals and financial management personnel from a representative sample of public and private schools. Data were collected using validated questionnaires and analyzed through multiple regression to measure the direct and combined effects of the two independent variables on education financing effectiveness. The findings reveal that both transactional leadership and entrepreneurial competence significantly and positively affect financial effectiveness. Transactional leadership strengthens transparency and budget discipline, while entrepreneurial competence fosters diversification of funding sources and innovative financial strategies. These results highlight the strategic importance of integrating leadership development with entrepreneurial training for school principals. Strengthening these competencies not only enhances financial planning and accountability but also reduces dependence on a single funding source, supporting long-term educational sustainability. Future studies are encouraged to explore additional mediating factors such as organizational culture, technological infrastructure, and community involvement to provide a more comprehensive understanding of education financing dynamics.

M. Harry Mulya Zein

Jurnal Pelayanan Masyarakat 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

 National insight is an important foundation in the character development of Indonesia's young generation, especially in facing the challenges of globalization, digitalization, and changing values ​​among adolescents. This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to strengthen national insight for new students of SMAN 46 Jakarta through a contextual approach relevant to the conditions of today's youth. The contextual approach was chosen because it can help students understand the material by connecting the knowledge learned with their daily experiences, so that the learning process becomes more meaningful, easier to understand, and less abstract (Aminah et al., 2022; Parhan & Sukaenah, 2020). The methods used in this program include interactive counseling, group discussions, and reflections supported by audiovisual media close to students' daily lives, such as short videos, digital illustrations, and case simulations. This activity was held on July 14–16, 2025, as part of the School Environment Introduction Period (MPLS) and was attended by 450 new students in grade X. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in students' understanding of the concept of national insight from a practical and contextual perspective, with a focus on the values ​​of empathy, solidarity, mutual cooperation, anti-bullying, and positive creativity. Furthermore, this program succeeded in changing the paradigm of students from an understanding of national insight that initially tended to be normative and abstract to being more applicable in everyday life. This proves that strengthening national insight through a contextual approach can be an effective strategy in forming a young generation that is characterful, adaptive, and has social awareness.