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The integration of video games into education has garnered attention for its potential to enhance learning experiences, particularly in fostering engagement and autonomous skill development. This qualitative study investigates EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners' perceptions of using Disco Elysium, a narrative-driven role-playing game, as a supplementary tool for language learning. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis, focusing on the experiences of EFL learners who engaged with the game's complex linguistic and narrative content. The findings reveal that participants perceive Disco Elysium as a unique and immersive learning medium, aiding in vocabulary acquisition, reading comprehension, and critical thinking. However, challenges such as the game's advanced vocabulary, cultural references, and morally complex themes were also identified. By centering on learner perspectives, this study contributes to the limited research on the role of narrative-driven games in language learning. The results provide insights into how such games can be integrated into educational contexts to complement traditional EFL learning methods.

This article explores the use of directive speech acts in dialogues presented in English textbooks. Drawing on the theoretical framework of speech act theory by Parker and Riley (1994), the study focuses on understanding how directives—utterances that seek to influence the behavior of the listener—are presented in various dialogues. It examines the various forms and functions of directives, their role in communication, and how they help learners of English understand and practice practical conversational strategies. The article highlights the importance of directive speech acts in both formal and informal contexts, with specific examples drawn from English language textbooks. This study uses qualitative descriptive research where data is found in dialogues in textbooks and then matched with theory and poured into a sentence. This study found that there are five types of directive speech acts, namely, orders, warnings, giving advice, suggestions, and recommendations. In this study, 7 command data, 3 warning data, 2 advice data, 8 suggestion data, and 1 recommendation data were found. In this study, two techniques were found in the delivery of speech acts, namely direct and non-direct. Non-direct techniques tend to contain an element of politeness rather than direct. In addition, the speech actions in this textbook can help students understand, and using directive speech acts effectively can significantly improve communicative competence in language learners.

This study aims to examine the implementation of quality management at SMA Swasta Muhammadiyah 4 Babalan and its impact on improving the competence of students. The research method used is a qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used include data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and verification. The results showed three main findings. 1) In quality management planning, SMA Swasta Muhammadiyah 4 Babalan conducts customer identification by emphasizing the importance of leaders who understand the needs of internal and external customers for the success of educational programs. 2) The implementation of quality management focuses on customers through periodic meetings with teachers, staff, and parents to evaluate the program and hear feedback related to customer satisfaction. 3) The principal's total involvement in communication and cooperation with stakeholders, including teachers, staff and parents, has been proven to improve the quality of education and learners' competencies. Overall, the implementation of quality management at SMA Swasta Muhammadiyah 4 Babalan has succeeded in creating an educational atmosphere that supports the optimal development of learners' competencies.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital technologies have revolutionized language education, providing new opportunities to enhance sociolinguistic awareness and Arabic language skills, including listening, speaking, reading, and writing. This study explores how AI-driven applications and digital platforms support learners in understanding and using various Arabic dialects alongside Modern Standard Arabic. The study uses a qualitative approach to analyse how these technologies bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical communication. The study focuses on tools such as interactive chatbots, speech recognition systems, assistive technologies, virtual assistants, and language learning platforms. These tools align with the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) for Languages 2020 and Sustainable Development Goals 4 (SDG 4), highlighting their potential to promote inclusive and equitable language education. The study analyses how AI and digital tools contribute to Arabic learning and enhance communicative competence rather than involving testing or experiments. The findings suggest that these technologies offer significant potential for improving language proficiency and addressing diverse learners' needs.

This study investigates the role of scaffolding assessment in fostering self-directed learning (SDL) within project-based learning (PBL) environments in higher education. Scaffolding assessment, characterized by gradual guidance, helps students transition from structured support to greater autonomy while enhancing critical thinking, goal-setting, and self-regulation. Through a mixed-methods approach, the study examines students' perceptions and experiences of scaffolding interventions in a research-based course. Quantitative findings reveal positive impacts on autonomy, critical thinking, and goal-setting, while qualitative insights highlight the importance of tailored scaffolding tools, motivational elements, and digital adaptability.Although scaffolding significantly enhances SDL by promoting independence and cognitive engagement, challenges remain in optimizing digital tools and addressing individual learning needs. Personalized scaffolding strategies and motivational scaffolds are essential for sustaining long-term engagement and effectively supporting diverse learners in complex, research-intensive environments. This study underscores the importance of adaptive scaffolding designs that balance structure and flexibility, offering practical implications for educators seeking to implement scaffolding assessments to enhance student autonomy and learning outcomes in higher education.

Listening comprehension is essential in higher education, particularly as students progress from basic intensive listening activities to more complex academic listening tasks. This review examines the strategies learners employ during this transition and identifies effective approaches for improving listening comprehension in University contexts. Drawing on recent research and empirical evidence, the review highlights key techniques such as metacognitive strategies, note-taking, schema activation, and contextual listening, which are crucial for academic success. The findings suggest that while intensive listening fosters foundational skills, academic listening demands advanced strategies, including critical evaluation, synthesizing information, and adapting to different accents and contexts. The review emphasizes the importance of instructional support, such as teaching explicit strategies and incorporating authentic materials, to help students navigate this shift. Educators are encouraged to create scaffolded learning experiences and foster student autonomy. This study contributes to the expanding body of knowledge on EFL and ESL education, providing useful guidance for curriculum developers and educators aiming to improve students' listening skills in higher education.

Education plays an important role in the development of human resources, promoting social capabilities, and the development of individuals linking them to society and the environment. Islamic education, in particular, aims to instil spiritual and ethical values and develop learners' scientific knowledge.  This study explored the effect of the Ibrah Mauidzah Qur'anic Storytelling Method on students' spiritual intelligence and learning activities at MTsN 1 Agam. The correlational quantitative research method was used to test the research hypothesis. the type of research used is correlational. It is a study that looks for the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable with a sample of 35 students obtained using the accental sampling technique. The results of the analysis show that the Ibrah Mauidzah Method has a significant effect on increasing students' spiritual intelligence and learning activities. The tcount values for spiritual intelligence and learning activity were 3.076 and 3.779 respectively, both greater than the ttable of 2.034, with a p-value <0.05. These findings indicate that the method is effective in improving understanding and appreciation of religious values, as well as increasing student engagement in the learning process. This research confirms the importance of integrating moral and spiritual approaches in education to achieve a balance of students' intellectual and spiritual development.  

This study uses a qualitative descriptive method to explore the potential of Lake Toba as an open-ended material in learning Indonesian for Foreign Speakers (BIPA). The research findings show that the geographical uniqueness of Lake Toba as a tourist destination offers opportunities for enriching relevant vocabulary for BIPA learners. In addition, the cultural elements typical of Lake Toba, such as traditions, arts, and customs, are rich learning resources in supporting language and culture teaching simultaneously. To maximize this potential, teaching materials are developed through interactive modules, learning videos, and virtual tours that present an immersive learning experience. This approach not only improves learners' language skills but also creates a deep emotional connection with the material, because learners can experience the beauty of Indonesian culture directly through the media provided.

The learning model is an important element in achieving learning goals. The integrative model of thematic interpretation offers an engaging learning experience that supports students to explore the values of the Qur'an in depth. This study describes the objectives, implementation, and integrative model of learning thematic interpretation of QS. Al-Hasyr verses 2-5 in Ma'had Baitul Qur'an Malang. The research uses a qualitative approach of case study type with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, as well as data validation using triangulation. The data obtained was then analyzed using three techniques, namely pattern matching, making explanations and time series analysis (Yin, 2009). The results of the study show that learning aims to provide a deep understanding of the meaning of verses and their relevance to the social conditions of the community, emphasizing the relevance of the content of verses, the history of the Prophet, and their application in the modern socio-economic context. The learning process is carried out systematically through the opening stages, core activities, and closing with the material of the book of tafsir and Siroh Nabawiyah. The lectures, discussions, and question-and-answer methods are used in a humanistic approach. The combination of the connected model and webbed model creates relevant and applicable learning, with a constructivist approach that encourages learners to actively build knowledge through experience and problem-solving.

The problem in this study is whether the influence of reciprocal force exerts an influence on the basic movement ability on the backhand short serve in grade VIII learners at SMP Negeri 1 Tombulu. The purpose of this study was to test the mean score of basic movement skills on backhand short serve in grade VIII learners at SMP Negeri 1 Tombulu. The research method used was experimental method. This study is a quantitative study. The research instrument used was Basic Movement Ability Test On Backhand Short Serve In Badminton Game. From the research results that have been proven through statistical data analysis the effect of reciprocal force on basic movement in short backhand service in badminton game has a significant effect. It can be seen from tcount is greater than ttable, namely tcount = 4.18 > ttable = 2.086. Based on the testing criteria, if tcount is greater than ttable (tcount > ttable), then H0 is rejected, which means HA is accepted. Thus the conclusion of the test is the average basic movement ability in short backhand service in badminton game of the experimental group taught with reciprocal style is better than the average basic movement ability in short backhand service in badminton game of the control group that did not receive treatment.

The problem behind this research is the decline in motivation in studying Arabic among PBA students in 2021 UINSU. The purpose of this research is to find out what factors are behind demotivation in studying Arabic among PBA 2 students of Stambuk 2021 UINSU. This research hopes to perfect previous studies and so that educators can develop strategies in reviving the motivation of Arabic language learners. The method used in this research is a qualitative method. The data collection technique is by conducting observations and interviews with PBA 2 students of 2021 UINSU. The data collected were then analyzed and grouped based on the similarity of the informants' answer patterns. The results of this study indicate that the factors behind student demotivation in studying Arabic are; First. The burden of the Academy. Second; Learning Methods. Third; Arabic language complexity. Fourth; Not having a language environment. Fifth. Teacher's personality. Sixth. Economic Factors.    

This research explores strategies to support novice learners in developing their writing skills in the English Education Study Program at an Indonesian university, the Islamic Institut of Palangka Raya. Writing is often considered one of the most challenging aspects of language learning, requiring a combination of vocabulary knowledge, grammatical precision and structural coherence. The participants, five beginner learners, were selected using purposive sampling and underwent a writing task that progressed from sentence-level exercises to paragraph construction. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and direct observation, and analyzed thematically. Findings showed that challenges such as limited vocabulary, grammatical errors, and psychological barriers such as low self-confidence hindered students' progress. Effective strategies included guided sentence construction, collaborative writing exercises, and exposure to structured templates and quality reading materials. The participants reported improved confidence and skills through positive feedback and step-by-step writing tasks. The findings suggest that integrating motivating and structured learning methods can significantly improve writing ability among beginners, contributing to their academic and personal growth.

Increasing student learning activity needs to use a learning model. In a lesson there are methods that are used systematically which become a unified procedure in the delivery of learning material so that the learning objectives are achieved. This study aims to determine the application of science process skills in science subjects to the activeness of students at MTs Muhammadiyah Parumaan. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. This descriptive research method is used because it relates to the topics and problems that will be discussed, namely the application of science process skills in science subjects to the activeness of students at MTs Muhammadiyah Parumaan. The learning activity of VII B students at MTs Muhammadiyah Parumaan was based on the results of the supervision of the school principal when the teacher taught classes using conventional methods, not all students had active learning during the learning process. Researchers apply learning with science process skills. The results showed that the application of process skills to class VII B students at MTs Muhammadiyah Parumaan experienced an increase from the low category to the medium category    

Indonesian as a national language seeks to be internationalized through the teaching of BIPA, which requires subject matter that includes linguistic and cultural elements. Teaching often focuses on vocabulary and grammar, neglecting the important cultural context. Javanese culture, particularly the performing art of Reog Ponorogo, can be used as an effective medium of communication and teaching. Through this approach, BIPA teaching can be integrated with immersive cultural experiences, enhancing the understanding of Indonesian language and culture among foreign speakers. In this study, we aim to develop BIPA teaching materials by using local culture such as Reog Ponorogo. In qualitative research, the results emphasize meaning rather than generalization, data collection methods are triangulated, and data analysis is done inductively. The data used were sourced from various books, scientific journals, and the results of a survey of the needs of BIPA teaching materials for foreign speakers at Yale University. The integration of culture in teaching materials, such as the traditional art of Reog Ponorogo, not only enriches the learning experience, but also helps learners understand the social context and values underlying language use. Reog Ponorogo, with its deep symbolism and philosophy, provides an opportunity for learners to not only acquire language proficiency, but also develop Indonesian cultural values and character.

This study aims to analyze the potential of Indonesian culinary "Gulai" as a BIPA teaching material and to introduce Indonesian culture through traditional food. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that through the culinary learning media "Gulai" in the BIPA program can overcome the lack of teaching materials. Through the culinary teaching material "Gulai" in addition to promoting Indonesian language and culture, it can also add educational value and cultural value to BIPA teaching materials to be introduced to BIPA learners. This study focuses on the development of internationalization studies of the Indonesian language by utilizing traditional culinary as a learning medium by considering the global appeal, historical value, and diversity of traditional food flavors.

This article presents a systematic review of pragmatic competence in second language acquisition (SLA), emphasizing its critical role in effective communication and intercultural understanding. Pragmatic competence encompasses the ability to understand and use language appropriately in diverse social and cultural contexts, including mastering speech acts, politeness strategies, conversational implicatures, and intercultural pragmatics. Despite its importance, pragmatic competence often receives less attention in language instruction compared to grammar and vocabulary. The review highlights the effectiveness of explicit and implicit teaching methods, authentic interaction, and cultural immersion in developing pragmatic skills. It also underscores the role of technology, such as digital platforms and simulations, in enhancing learners’ ability to navigate real-life communication scenarios. The findings reveal significant challenges, including cultural variability in pragmatic norms, difficulties in standardizing assessments, and the influence of learners’ individual differences. The study calls for innovative teaching and evaluation methods, focusing on personalized approaches and the integration of pragmatic learning with emotional intelligence. By synthesizing current research and practices, this article provides valuable insights for educators, curriculum developers, and researchers, advocating for adaptive, culturally informed, and technology-supported strategies to enhance pragmatic competence in SLA.

Foreign language learning anxiety is a prevalent emotional phenomenon among English major students that significantly impacts their learning effectiveness and motivation. This study comprehensively examines the definition, classification, causes, and complex effects of foreign language learning anxiety from a theoretical perspective. Through analyzing the interplay of personal factors (such as self-esteem, learning styles, learning motivation) and environmental factors (such as teaching methods, classroom atmosphere, test pressure, cultural differences), it reveals the multidimensional nature of foreign language learning anxiety. The research indicates that this anxiety not only reduces learners' motivation and efficiency but also interferes with their cognitive processes, affects the development of speaking and listening skills, and even negatively impacts their physical and mental health. To address this issue, based on the Affective Filter Hypothesis, Humanistic Psychology, Constructivist Learning Theory, and Social Interaction Theory, this study proposes educational intervention strategies, including optimizing curriculum design, improving teaching evaluation systems, establishing psychological counseling mechanisms, and strengthening the emotional support function of teachers. These strategies aim to create a positive, interactive learning environment to help students overcome anxiety and enhance learning outcomes.

This study is motivated by the decline in 21st century students' interest in learning caused by various factors, such as conventional learning methods that are not relevant to everyday life and lack of active involvement in the learning process. The research method used is a literature study or Library Research, by collecting data from various relevant literature sources. This study resulted in 3 important themes of findings, namely: 1. Flipped Classroom, 2. Mindfullness and emotional well-being, 3. Peer teaching. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the development of a dynamic system model that can increase the learning interest of 21st century learners.    

This research aims to describe and examine the learning system of the tahfidz programme as well as the methods used by teachers in teaching the memorisation of the Koran in the tahfidz programme at SD Islam Al Azhar 32 Padang.  This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. Data collection techniques are structured interviews and observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques are data reduction and data presentation and conclusion drawing. The research subjects were determined by purposive sampling technique. The results showed that the Quran memorising programme at Al Azhar Islamic Elementary School 32 Padang implements a holistic approach such as Quran memorisation, understanding, repetition and time discipline. Every element of the school is always committed to improving quality such as the existence of collaboration groups with parents, daily memorisation and murajaah schedules, daily evaluations to increase student independence in memorising the Koran and memorisation improvement and graduation exams. The method in teaching tahfidz is using the talaqqi, tahsin, murajaah and tasmi' methods. The implementation of this tahfidz programme is carried out in groups based on the level of ability and acceleration of memorisation in each class with three accompanying teachers. With this programme, it is expected to be able to create quality students.

This study aims to determine the number of slow leaner leaners in inclusive primary schools. The method used in descriptive with a quantitative approach through observation, interviews, instruments, and document analysis techniques. The research subjects included all students from grade I to grade VI. The observation result showed that out of a total of 310 students, 28 students (8.97%) were identified as PDBK. Based on the result of interviews using the instrument, 16 PDBK (57.14%) were identification showed that most of the PDBK were in the borderline and mental detective categories based on the results of psychologist referrals. This research is expected to serve as a basis for schools in designing more inclusive learning programmes and providing appropriate interventions to meet the needs of slow leaner PDBK.