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This research is motivated by the lack of learning outcomes in Indonesian at grade IV-A SDN 6 Menteng and the use of methods that are still one-way. The aims of the study were to describe (1) the improvement of student outcomes (2) teacher activities (3) student activities in learning Indonesian one-point chapter 6 at SDN 6 Menteng using the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition method (CIRC). This research is a Classroom Action Research model by Kemmis and Mc. Taggart that was carried out in 2 cycles. The research subjects are 22 students. The data collection techniques, namely observation and tests using quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques. The results of this Research show that using the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition method (CIRC) can improve learning outcomes and learning activities. This is based on the research results on the pretest and pre-cycle data with an average of 59.09 with a classical value of 31.81%. Cycle I average score of 68.18 and classical value of 68.18% with the activities of teachers and students in the good category. In cycle II the average value increased to 89.54 and the classical value was 100% with very good teacher and student activities. Therefore learning outcomes have increased by 21.36.

The background of writing this research is the result of observations during PPL 1 PPG pre-service that students' literacy skills are still low, especially in students' critical reasoning skills and literacy independence. Alternative learning as a solution is the application of the Problem Based Learning learning model assisted by Energy Cards. The purpose of this study is to describe learning literacy design, analyze process and result improvements, and determine the impact of implementing the Energy Card-assisted Problem Based Learning model. Data collection is carried out by test, observation, and documentation techniques. This research is a qualitative approach by looking for various theoretical descriptions, findings and other research materials obtained from reference materials to be used as a basis for activities. This study resulted in the percentage of students' critical reasoning ability and literacy independence with an average score of 85.8% (very good). The average student learning outcomes on the posttest were higher than the pretest with an increase of 20. The conclusion of this study is the design of learning literacy using the Energy Card-assisted Problem Based Learning model, the application of the Energy Card-assisted Problem Based Learning model is effective in improving student learning literacy skills, this study has an impact on students, teachers and schools.

The background for writing this is that based on the results of observations in class IV SDN Jatisari found problems including low reading interest due to the lack of availability of varied teaching resources for students. Then the learning model is still conventional. To overcome these problems, teachers can use the Flashcard-assisted Problem Based Learning model which can attract and facilitate student understanding both visually and in writing. The purpose of writing this is to describe the design of learning literacy, test the improvement of processes and results and find out the impact of implementing Problem Based Learning assisted by Flashcard media for fourth grade students at SDN Jatisari. Data collection techniques using tests, observation and documentation. The results of the percentage of students' independent literacy abilities show an average score of 85.25% (good) and critical reasoning abilities show a score of 86% (very good). For Pretest and Posttest learning outcomes there is an average increase of 19. The conclusion of this best practice is the design of learning literacy using Problem Based Learning assisted by Flashcards. The application of the Problem Based Learning model assisted by Flashcards is effective for the literacy skills of fourth grade students at SDN Jatisari Semarang. besides that this has an impact on writers, students, teachers and schools.

Lack of student learning motivation makes sociology teachers take motivational actions that must be adapted to their students. This study aims to look at the sociology efforts of teachers in motivating students' learning. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The data were collected using observation, interview and documentation techniques. Data were analyzed using data reduction techniques, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that sociology teachers in student learning use problem-based learning models that have been adapted to the learning desires of students in which they want to get grades and master learning material and prohibit their friends who have not mastered learning material and interactions occur between teachers and participants. teach in the classroom.

This study applies the Problem Based Learning learning model to Civics Subjects in Class VII.5 of SMP Negeri 10 Kendari to improve the student`s learning outcomes.. This research was carried out at SMP Negeri 10 Kendari which is addressed in the odd semester of 2022/2023 for two months, namely from August – September 2022.  The results of the research show that the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in Civics learning has been able to improve the problem solving skills of students in class VII.5 of SMP Negeri 10 Kendari. The percentage of achievement of learning objectives or completeness of students in the pre-cycle was only 54.83% (17 students), and in cycle I was 74.8% (21 students). In cycle II, the percentage of achievement of learning objectives or completeness of students increased to 77.8% (25 students).

PAK learning activities at the elementary school level always have their own challenges. Basically PAK emphasizes Christian values, one of which is responsibility in doing the assignments given by the teacher to students. Ongoing learning and giving assignments Students often neglect responsibility for doing it, students are more enthusiastic about working on other subject assignments compared to PAK, even students prioritize other subject assignments because they feel happy compared to PAK assignments, so that assignments from PAK are set aside because assignments PAK only uses theory that is considered normal. This situation is centered on the teacher which tends to make the learning process less than optimal. Therefore, the purpose of writing this article is to describe a fun PAK learning process using a project model so that students are more enthusiastic about doing PAK assignments that are more weighty and of high value.

This study aims to determine the implementation of character education in fifth grade students at SDN Wanoja 02 Brebes Regency, Central Java. This study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of character education in class V students at SDN Wanoja 02. Based on the research results, it was found that the implementation of character education in class V students at SDN Wanoja 02 in learning activities and outside learning activities is carried out in various ways. The implementation of character education in learning is implemented through five models, namely habituation, learning methods, conditioning, exemplary, and providing motivation, advice, understanding, and appreciation. Meanwhile, the implementation of character education outside of learning activities is implemented through habituation, provision of school programs, exemplary, and provision of motivation and appreciation.

Malewang 41 Elementary is one of the schools located in Polongbangkeng Utara sub-district, Takalar district, South Sulawesi Selatan Province. In carrying out its activities, this school is under the auspices of the ministry of education and culture. Teaching Campus is part of learning and teaching activities in basic education units from the Merdeka Learning Merdeka Campus (MBKM) program which aims to provide opportunities for students to learn and develop themselves through activities outside the classroom. The Teaching Campus aims to equip students with a variety of expertise and skills by partnering with teachers and schools in developing learning models, as well as fostering creativity and innovation in learning so that it has an impact on strengthening literacy and numeracy learning in schools.Reading and counting is a skill that must be possessed by every person and taught from an early age. Each student has a different level of reading ability, AKM can be used to evaluate students in reading and counting skills. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the ability to read and numeracy, the factors that influence literacy and numeracy skills, and the way in solving literacy and numeracy problems of the fifth-grade students. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. The location of the research is at SDN 41 Malewang. The research subject was fifth-grade students and the teacher who was responsible for AKM at SDN 41 Malewang. The research subjects were fifth-grade students and 5th batch of campus teaching students who was responsible for AKM at SDN 41 Malewang. The results showed that most of the fifth-grade students at SDN 41 Malewang who followed AKM include in the basic category. Their reading literacy and numeracy abilities are influenced by internal factors from within students and external factors from the family and school. The way that students solve AKM literacy questions is by doing easy questions first.

This research is entitled "Implementation of Supervision of Teacher Performance in the Learning Process at SMP N 2 Kayuagung". This research is to see how the implementation of supervision of teacher performance in the learning process, as well as the supporting factors and inhibiting factors in the implementation of supervision of teacher performance in the learning process at SMP Negeri 3 Kayuagung. This type of research is field research with a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. While data analysis uses an interactive model, namely data reduction, data presentation and data verification. The results of this study are the implementation of Supervision of Teacher Performance in the Learning Process at SMP N 2 Kayuagung, which is carried out by the school principal. Supervision has been running well and routinely carried out every year. The implementation stages consist of activities before the supervision process, supervision implementation activities and activities after supervision. Teacher performance in the learning process consists of three teaching and learning process activities, namely activities before the teaching and learning process, teaching and learning process activities, activities after the teaching and learning process. The teacher's performance in the learning process can be said to be good, although there are still obstacles encountered in the learning process by some teachers in carrying out their duties not in accordance with the criteria of a professional teacher.  

This research is an experimental research with pre-experiment method, this research design is the one group pretest posttest. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) learning model in identifying information and summarizing explanatory text. The samples in this study were VIII grade students. Based on the results of research and data analysis regarding the comparison of statistical values, the comparison of learning outcomes categories and the comparison of the level of completeness proves that the improvement of student learning outcomes can be seen from the data on student learning outcomes through descriptive statistical analysis before using the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) learning model, the average student score is still below the KKM value, namely 49.57 and after using the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) learning model, the average student score increases above the KKM, namely 84.21. It is known that the posttest value is 84.21 more than the Pretest value which is 49.57. Furthermore, based on the results of inferential statistical analysis using the t-test formula, it is known that the t_ (count) obtained is 4.371 with the frequency df = 14 -1 = 13, at a significant level of 0.05 or 5% the t_table is 1.770. So t_ (count) > t_table or H_0 rejected H_1 accepted. These results can be concluded that there is a significant increase in student learning outcomes. This means that the use of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) learning model is effective in learning to identify information and summarize explanatory texts in class VIII students of SMP Muhammadiyah 10 Makassar.      

The main objective of this research is to find out whether there is an effect of the Differentiated Learning Model on Speaking Literacy in Indonesian Class X, SMAN 1 Pangkep. This study uses a quantitative approach to the type of experimental research. The population used in this study was class X SMAN 1 Pangkep by taking two sample classes, namely the experimental class was class X Amanah which had a total of 35 students and the control class was class X Creative which had a total of 36 students. The data collection technique used was; written test and speaking test, observation, and interview. Data analysis consists of Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics.The results of this study indicate that there is a significant influence between the differentiated learning model and speaking literacy in Indonesian language class X at SMAN 1 Pangkep. As seen from the Mann Whitney test, information is obtained that the average control is 81.3056 with a standard deviation of 7.285 while for experiments, the average value is obtained -an average of 79.0571 with a standard deviation of 6.978. The mean difference of 2.2485 is positive, thus information is obtained that the control value is greater than the experimental value. Although the control is larger than the experiment, the sig. shows a number of 0.302, the value is > 0.05 where H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected, which means that there is no difference in the average control with the experiment. Based on information that the average control is 80,194 with a standard deviation of 6,440 while for the experiment, the average value is 90,028 with a standard deviation of 5,586. The mean difference of -9,834 is negative, thus information is obtained that the control value is smaller than the experimental value. Besides that, the value of sig. shows a number of 0.000, the value is <0.05 where H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, which means that there is an average difference between the control and the experiment. This proves that the differentiated learning model in learning Indonesian has an influence compared to before using the differentiated learning model.    

The Toba Batak tribe has a distinctive fabric known as ulos. Toba Batak ulos have types depending on their uses. But in the modern era, especially among urban communities, very few people know the types and uses. Motivated by the success of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm in image classification, this study will conduct a learning-based approach to classify 5 types of Toba Batak ulos (Ragi Hidup, Ragi Hotang, Mangiring, Sadum, and Sibolang). The process starts from data collection, data analysis, model building, model training, and confusion matrix. The dataset used is 1000 images with 80% training data, 10% valid data, and 10% test data. Convolution, maxpooling, dropout, flatten, and fully connected are the 5 layers forming the CNN model. The optimizer used is Adam with a learning rate of 0.001. The model generated in this study can detect Toba Batak ulos images at an accuracy rate of 94.00%.    

This study aims to develop, determine the feasibility of android-based learning media. This type of research uses research and development (Research and Development) methods with the Borg & Gall development model consisting of 5 main stages which include: a) conducting preliminary research,   b) developing the initial product with Kodular Creator, c) conducting product validation, d ) conducting trials, and e) making the final product. Data collection techniques used are questionnaires and interviews  Keywords: Borg & Gall, Android-Based Learning Media, Informatics

This study examines the effectiveness of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education in enhancing problem-solving skills among high school students. With the increasing demand for critical thinking and problem-solving abilities in the workforce, STEM education has become a crucial approach to preparing students for future challenges. The study aims to evaluate how project-based STEM curricula impact students' creativity, analytical skills, and overall problem-solving capabilities. Using a quasi-experimental design with a control group, the research was conducted with high school students who participated in STEM-based lessons involving the 5E instructional model. Data collection involved pre- and post-tests, classroom observations, and semi-structured interviews to measure changes in student skills. The findings indicate that students exposed to STEM education demonstrated significant improvements in problem-solving, creativity, and analytical thinking compared to their peers in traditional lecture-based classes. The study highlights the advantages of project-based learning in promoting active student engagement and fostering skills necessary for addressing real-world problems. These results suggest that STEM education can be more effective than traditional methods in cultivating essential 21st-century skills. The study recommends the broader implementation of STEM strategies in secondary education and further exploration of the long-term impact of STEM learning on various skills required in the professional world.

This qualitative research aims to investigate the influence of teacher workload on students' academic achievement, particularly within the unique framework of science, technology, and Buddhism. Employing a phenomenological research model, the study delves into the lived experiences of teachers and students in educational settings infused with Buddhist principles alongside science and technology education. The sampling technique involves purposive sampling, selecting participants with diverse backgrounds and experiences. Data analysis follows thematic analysis methods, identifying patterns and themes within the collected narratives. Preliminary findings suggest a complex interplay between teacher workload, students' academic outcomes, and the integration of Buddhist perspectives within the curriculum. Understanding these dynamics can offer insights into optimizing teaching practices and curriculum design to enhance student learning outcomes in science, technology, and Buddhist-oriented educational contexts.

This study aims to, (1) describe the process of developing news text teaching materials based on the Filmorago application, (2) describe the form of developing news text teaching materials based on the Filmorago application, and (3) describe the feasibility of teaching materials for news texts based on the Filmorago application. The development of teaching materials for news texts based on the Filmorago application uses the Borg and Gall model modified by Sugiyono, with stages of potential and problem analysis, data collection, product design, design validation, revision and trial stages. The validation stage includes material expert lecturers and expert lecturers. The sample of this study was 37 grade VIII students of Dharma Patra Pangkalan Brandan Private Junior High School using the Purpossive Sample technique. Data collection techniques with interviews and questionnaires. The research instrument is in the form of a questionnaire sheet validating material experts and media experts using Likert scale calculations. Data analysis uses qualitative descriptive analysis. Research shows that products from Filmorago application-based news text teaching materials get research results with "Very Good" criteria with an average of 90%, with results from material experts of 90% with "Very Good" criteria and results from media experts of 82% with "Very Good" criteria so that teaching materials are suitable for use in the learning process. The results of the product trial received an assessment from teachers of 96% with the criteria of "Very Good" and a student assessment of 90% with the criteria of "Very Good".

The type of research used in this study was Classroom Action Research (CAR), which consisted of two cycles, each cycle consisting of 4 meetings. Research procedures include planning, implementing actions, observation, and reflection. The subjects in this study were 32 students of class IV at SDN Minasa Upa, Rappocini District, Makassar City. The results showed that in the first cycle, out of 32 students, only 18 students or 56.2% completed individually, where an average score of 62.8 was obtained with 4 students very critical (12.5%), 4 students critical (12, 5), 10 students are quite critical (31.2%), and 14 students are less critical (43.7%). Whereas in cycle II which was completed individually of 32 students there were 25 students or 78.1%, where an average value of 75.7 was obtained with 13 students very critical (40.6%), 5 students critical (15.6%) , 7 students are quite critical (21.8), and 7 students are less critical (21.8). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that students' critical thinking skills in mathematics class IV at SDN Minasa Upa, Rappocini District, Makassar City through the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model have increased.                                                                                     

The problem in the study carried out is that it provides an understanding regarding student learning in Civics learning which is still not good, especially because the teacher only uses the classroom environment and places more emphasis on taking notes from textbooks. In addition, student participation in asking and answering questions during learning activities is still lacking, which makes them less motivated to learn. Using the Teams Games Tournament approach, this study aims to improve Civics learning outcomes and student involvement in the learning process in class IV SDN Blega 1 unit "GOTONG ROYONG". Planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting are the four steps of classroom action learning carried out over two cycles. At SDN Blega 1, the research participants were grade IV students. The authors tested, interviewed, and made observations while developing a data collection methodology. Based on the findings of the data analysis, it was found that students learned more about human collaboration in the Civics curriculum. Whereas in Cycle I 44% of students passed the KKM, and 56% of students did not pass, after being given instructions, Cycle II used the Teams Games Tournament approach to carry out learning achievement tests, so that the number of students who passed increased. 32 people or 89%, while the decrease in the number of students who did not pass was 4 people or 11%, and Cycle III increased the number of students who passed by 36 people or with a percentage of 100%. Civics learning outcomes for class IV SDN Blega 1 can be improved through learning activities with the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) paradigm.    

This type of research is class action research (Class Action Research) which consists of two cycles where each cycle is held in two meetings. The research procedure includes planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. The subjects of this study were 28 students of grade I at SD Negeri Minasa Upa Makassar. The results of the study showed that the test results for the first cycle of the class average reached 65 with a percentage of 60.7 achieved completeness, with 11 students having achieved mastery and 17 other students not. In cycle II the average obtained was 89.2 with a completeness percentage of 89.3 with 25 students having achieved mastery and 3 people had not. Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that the application of the Scramble Game Learning Model can improve vocabulary mastery in Indonesian Language learning Class 1 SD Negeri Minasa Upa Makassar.    

This research was conducted due to the inaccuracy of SMP Negeri 5 Pati educators in using the learning model used in learning descriptive text writing skills. The application of the lecture-based Discovery Learning model has a negative effect on students becoming inactive and having difficulty describing an object quickly. The learning outcomes obtained by students were also unsatisfactory. Seeing this situation, I am encouraged to seek the application of other learning models to support the success of learning descriptive text writing skills for class VII students of SMP Negeri 5 Pati. The learning model used is the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition model. The data collection method applied is a qualitative method. This research was in class VII B SMP Negeri 5 Pati with a total of 32 students. Data collection techniques applied are test techniques and non-test techniques. From the research conducted, it is explained that learning the skills of writing descriptive text with the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition model can make it easier for students to describe or describe objects quickly. From the research data, the highest score was 86 - 100 (very good) for 24 students and 76 - 85 for 8 students.