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This research highlights the important role of the Naqsabandiyah Shafaiyah Tarekat in shaping the character of the worshippers at the Ahlus Shafa Wal Wafa Islamic Boarding School. This order centers on the purification of the soul (tazkiyatun nafs), spiritual discipline, and the strengthening of relationships with Allah and fellow humans. The process of character development is carried out continuously through various routine activities, such as dhikr, wirid reading, recitation, and direct guidance from a mursyid. These activities aim to create a deep religious atmosphere to encourage changes in attitudes and behaviors of worshippers. The results showed that after following the tarekat, the pilgrims experienced a significant increase in spiritual, emotional, and social aspects. They become calmer, more patient, and wiser in dealing with life's problems. In addition, the awareness to live simply and stay away from despicable traits such as arrogance and envy is growing along with the routine of dhikr and self-introspection. In the social context, this tarekat also succeeded in fostering an attitude of care, the spirit of mutual cooperation, and responsibility for the surrounding environment. Thus, the Naqsyabandiyah Shafaiyah Tarekat not only functions as a means to get closer to Allah, but also becomes an effective instrument in shaping the character of the congregation who has noble character and is ready to make a positive contribution to the wider community.

This research aims to understand the representation of cooperation between the older and younger generations and work ethic in the film "The Intern" by Nancy Meyers. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic analysis in the form of a meaning triangle, namely sign, object, and interpretant. Signs are in the form of visuals, dialogue, and symbols. The object is what the sign represents, and the interpretant is the understanding derived from both the sign and the object. In this study, the researcher carried out an analysis by selecting each scene that shows generational differences, the emergence of cooperation, and the work ethic applied in the film The Intern. We collected data through library research, which included relevant books, articles, and scientific writings. The data collection techniques used are interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of this research show that this film succeeded in presenting generational differences not as obstacles but as a way to work together well and develop. This film demonstrates work ethic values such as hard work, responsibility, honesty, and cooperation. This research concludes that the film The Intern is not only entertaining but also provides many social messages about cooperation and work ethic.

The concept of human nature occupies a fundamental position in the philosophy of Islamic education, as it serves as the foundation for formulating educational goals, curriculum design, teaching methods, and the overall direction of education. Islamic education is not merely oriented toward the transfer of knowledge but is directed toward shaping the whole human being in a balanced manner, encompassing physical, intellectual, and spiritual dimensions. This study aims to examine the concept of human nature from the Islamic perspective and the views of Islamic philosophical figures, as well as to analyze its philosophical and practical implications for the implementation of Islamic education. This research employs a library research method by reviewing primary and secondary sources, including the Qur’an, classical Islamic texts, and relevant scholarly literature on human nature and Islamic education. The findings indicate that Islam views human beings as multidimensional creatures endowed with fitrah, intellect, spirituality, and social responsibility as servants and vicegerents of God on earth. The Qur’anic concepts of humanity, reflected in the terms al-insān, al-basyar, and al-nās, emphasize the complexity and uniqueness of humans as biological, rational, spiritual, and social beings. The perspectives of scholars such as Al-Ghazali, Ibn Arabi, and Hasan Al-Banna further reinforce the view that Islamic education must integrate intellectual, moral, and spiritual development in a balanced manner. The implications of this study highlight the necessity of designing Islamic education in a holistic and humanistic framework to produce insan kamil—individuals who are faithful, knowledgeable, possess noble character, and demonstrate social responsibility in communal life.

In Islamic law, marriage registration is very significant for both legal and religious reasons. It is a crucial part of making sure that both the administrative duties of marriage and the safety of the family are protected. In Islamic law, marriage is not just a social contract but also a religious duty that necessitates adequate documentation to safeguard the rights of both parties involved. This paper seeks to investigate the notion of marriage registration through the lens of Islamic law, analyzing its function in protecting familial rights, providing legal safeguards, and performing administrative responsibilities. The study methodology utilized is a qualitative approach, incorporating a literature review and document analysis of Islamic legal texts and pertinent current legal systems. The results show that registering a marriage in Islamic law is important not just for making the marriage official, but also for getting legal recognition, avoiding conflicts, and making sure that family members, especially women and children, are safe under the law. The registration process also makes it clear what the marriage's legal status is and what it means for things like inheritance, custody, and other family issues. In conclusion, marriage registration is an important part of Islamic law that upholds justice, protects the family, and makes sure that the marriage is legally protected and accountable.

Faith education for children in contemporary Christian families is experiencing a crisis as many parents completely hand over the responsibility of faith education to schools and churches. This study aims to analyze the principles of faith education in Deuteronomy 6:4-9 and formulate strategic roles for Christian Religious Education teachers in empowering parents to implement faith education at home. The research method used is qualitative with a library research approach and hermeneutical analysis of Deuteronomy 6:4-9. The results show that Deuteronomy 6:4-9 emphasizes the importance of parental role modeling, repetitive teaching, integration of faith in daily life, and creation of a faith-rich home environment. Christian Religious Education teachers play a strategic role in empowering parents through theological training, provision of practical materials, continuous mentoring, partnership with churches, and exemplary living. Collaboration between Christian Religious Education teachers and families is essential to build a holistic faith education ecosystem so that children grow with a strong faith foundation from home.

This research aims to investigate the impact of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) which are measured by 3 indicators; institutional ownership, managerial ownership, board indeoendence, and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure on Tax Avoidance in Multinational Companies on Indonesia. The study used multiple linear regression with periods start from 2022 until 2024. The sample of this study is a multinational companies in Indonesia with the total of 47 samples for 3 years, the criteria of the company can be said multinational companies is if the companies had a entities in more than one country. Tax avoidance is measured using the Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR), while GCG variables and CSR disclosure are measured based on relevant ownership structures, board composition, and the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) index. The result shows that Institutional ownership had a significantly negative effect of tax avoidance, while the other three independent variables had no significant power in Tax Avoidance. This study concludes that tax avoidance in multinational companies is a complex phenomenon influenced by various internal and external factors beyond the scope of this research. The findings provide practical implications for regulators and investors and suggest that future research should consider additional variables, longer observation periods, and alternative tax avoidance proxies.

This study examines the integration of critical reading and argumentative writing skills in Indonesian language courses at Universitas Muhammadiyah Maumere as a strategic effort to strengthen students’ academic literacy. In the digital era, university students are increasingly exposed to fragmented information, superficial reading practices, and non academic language use, which significantly affect their ability to construct logical and well supported academic arguments. This research aims to describe learning practices, identify key challenges, and analyze the implications of integrating critical reading and argumentative writing within higher education contexts. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach using classroom observations and in-depth interviews with lecturers and students. The findings reveal that students initially experience difficulties in evaluating sources, formulating arguments, and maintaining coherence in academic writing. However, the integration of critical reading activities with structured argumentative writing tasks contributes to improved analytical thinking, clarity of reasoning, and academic language use. The study also highlights the central role of lecturers in scaffolding learning processes and fostering reflective academic practices. The findings imply that integrating critical reading and argumentative writing is essential for developing students’ academic identity and intellectual responsibility, particularly in responding to contemporary challenges in higher education and digital literacy.

The Lapindo Brantas case is the largest environmental disaster in Indonesia, causing significant environmental damage and widespread economic and social impacts on the surrounding community. This incident sparked debate about corporate legal responsibility for the damage that occurred. This study aims to thoroughly evaluate the responsibility of the Lapindo Brantas corporation using the responsibility theory approach and Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. The methods used are normative with case studies and legislative analysis to understand the mechanism of corporate legal responsibility in the context of environmental disasters. The findings of this study indicate that corporations can be held criminally liable for environmental damage, and in the case of Lapindo Brantas, the company bears legal responsibility in accordance with the principle of strict liability as stipulated in Law Number 32 of 2009. This study emphasizes the urgency of applying the principle of corporate responsibility as an important part of environmental law enforcement in Indonesia.

This article examines the legal ambiguities surrounding the status of civilians actively engaged in hostilities (civilian combatants) within the framework of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and International Human Rights Law (IHRL). While the 1949 Geneva Conventions and the 1998 Rome Statute establish a clear demarcation through the distinction principle, the phenomenon of direct participation in hostilities (DPH) poses a significant legal challenge, as civilians forfeit their protected status upon taking part in combat. Using a normative-legal approach, this study analyzes how acts of violence committed by armed civilians can be categorized as war crimes, crimes against humanity, or gross human rights violations. The findings demonstrate that civilian status does not grant impunity for individuals who commit atrocities. Under the principle of individual criminal responsibility, the International Criminal Court (ICC) and national tribunals possess the jurisdiction to prosecute offenders, regardless of their formal military standing. Such legal enforcement is paramount to upholding the integrity of humanitarian principles and ensuring justice for victims within the landscape of modern armed conflict.

Honor killing cases often involve a distributed structure of perpetrators between decision-makers, providers of means, and implementers. This collective pattern raises the problem of role attribution in criminal law enforcement, which often shifts toward two problematic tendencies: centralizing responsibility on the executor or expanding criminal responsibility based on family ties. This article aims to formulate a tested role attribution model so that criminal responsibility does not stop at the direct perpetrator and does not develop into association-based punishment. This research uses a normative legal research method with a conceptual approach. Data collection methods were collected using literature studies, then analyzed qualitatively and presented descriptively. The research results formulate a role map of instigator, facilitator, and executor, operationalized through group role attribution based on two axes: causal contribution and normative contribution. The instigator is understood as the driver who shapes the will and locks the decision, the facilitator is understood as an assistant who deliberately provides the opportunity, means, or information. Meanwhile, the executor is someone who carries out the material act, although in terms of position, their actions are not automatically identical to the dominance of the decision. This division of roles is complemented by evidentiary indicators covering communication, financing, provision of facilities, field control, and post-incident intimidation, along with negative criteria to prevent inferences based on blood relations or passive presence. This model provides a more measurable standard of attribution for investigation, prosecution, and sentencing in collective honor killing cases.

Punggelan State Junior High School 3, Banjarnegara, as one of the schools at the elementary education level, will empower its students through the use of the school environment for agricultural activities. Efforts to introduce agricultural activities are carried out through P5 (Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila / Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project) on the theme of sustainable lifestyles. The theoretical session was held in the hall of Punggelan State Junior High School 3. The practical session was held in the garden area of Punggelan State Junior High School 3. The participants were also assisted by three students from the Agroindustry Study Program at the Banjarnegara Polytechnic. The stages of the activity consisted of a theoretical session in the hall, practical sessions on making planting media, making organic fertilizer, making yellow traps, sowing mustard seeds, and maintaining the mustard plants. Participants who had completed the practical activities were given the responsibility of maintaining their plants until harvest. The participants came from several villages in Punggelan Subdistrict, including Danakerta, Klapa, Tribuana, and Sambong. These four villages are agricultural centers. Most of the residents in these areas have yards that are used for agricultural activities. The students already have basic agricultural skills for vegetable cultivation. The participants' background in agriculture-based areas will facilitate student empowerment activities in school management towards achieving adiwiyata status. The empowerment of students at Punggelan State Junior High School 3through training in organic fertilizer production showed an increase in participants' knowledge of science in the field of anaerobic technology in organic fertilizer production. Participants also acquired the skill of being able to make organic fertilizer from leaves or grass and livestock manure. Participants were able to apply organic fertilizer as a seedling medium and a medium for growing mustard greens.

Musical modality, professionalism, and work quality in everyday musical practice constitute the main analytical framework of this study. This research departs from the view that musical professions are often reduced to hobby-based activities, whereas in practice they involve work strategies, professional attitudes, and negotiation between artistic idealism and market demands. This study employs a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with two musicians in the city of Solo, Aditya Ong and Indra Permana, who represent different backgrounds, professional roles, and musical orientations. The findings indicate that modality comprising experience, musical skills, and professional networks forms the foundation of musicians’ professionalism. Professionalism is reflected not only in technical competence, but also in work ethics, responsibility, and the ability to position oneself within various musical work contexts. Work quality is not understood normatively as good or bad, but as the outcome of how musicians manage their modality and professionalism in specific working situations. This study concludes that musical practice in Solo is shaped through continuous negotiation between artistic orientation, market demands, and the pursuit of livelihood stability. Musical modality, professionalism, and work quality are interconnected in forming musicians’ strategies to sustain their musical practices amid the dynamics of the local music industry.

This study examines the integration of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a strategic legal instrument to support the development of the creative economy in Indonesia. The creative economy has become one of the main drivers of national economic growth; however, its development is often constrained by weak legal protection of intellectual property, particularly among micro, small, and medium enterprises. This research employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that the integration of IPR into CSR programs plays a significant role in enhancing legal awareness, strengthening protection of creative works, and promoting sustainable economic empowerment for communities. CSR-based IPR protection not only benefits right holders but also contributes to inclusive development and corporate sustainability. Therefore, strengthening CSR policies oriented toward IPR protection is essential to ensure balanced economic growth and legal certainty in the creative economy sector.

This study discusses the implementation of hadiths regarding the responsibilities of educators in the professional policies of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) teachers. Hadiths emphasize that teachers have a moral and spiritual mandate to educate and shape the character of students in accordance with the standards of educators. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the values of professional responsibility and the values of educators' responsibility in the hadith with the standards of professionalism for MI teachers. The method used is a qualitative approach through a literature study of hadith books, Islamic education books, and education policy documents. The results of the study show that the values of trustworthiness, exemplary behavior, justice, and sincerity in the hadith are in line with pedagogical competence and professionalism as moral and religious obligations. The implication is that the integration of hadith values is important in the development of MI teachers in order to create competent educators with Islamic character

In article 157A of Law Number 6 of 2023 that in the process of termination of employment, employers and permanent workers must carry out their respective obligations, employers can carry out suspension actions and still pay wages and other rights, but in reality employers rarely apply article 157A. The purpose of the research is to analyze the Implementation, Obstacles and Efforts on Workers' Rights in Wage Payment During the Termination of Employment Process at Palm Oil Company in Siak Regency. This type of research is Sociological legal research. In this research, three approaches are used, namely the legislative approach and the data source case approach using primary data and secondary data. The data collection technique used is primary data through interviews and questionnaires. The conclusion of this study is the legal protection of workers' rights during the termination of employment by the company through the settlement of industrial relations disputes in which there are various interpretations regarding the wage process. Article 157A of Law Number 6 of 2023 states that the responsibility of employers and workers remains valid until the industrial relations dispute settlement agency makes a decision. The implementation in the process of termination of employment is that workers are no longer allowed to work by the company but do not carry out suspension actions, but there are many companies that do not carry out things regulated by law. With the existence of multi-interpretation regulations on wages, the process provides uncertainty for workers, as well as in the interim decision submitted by the worker/plaintiff which is rejected by the judge which is clear that the worker can prove that the employer does not carry out his obligations as it should.

In the context of rapid educational transformation and increasing demands in English language teaching, teacher professional identity has become central to how teachers interpret experiences and sustain professional engagement. However, limited research has examined how such identities are co-constructed through the collaborative narratives. Addressing this gap, this study explores how Vietnamese Generation-Z English-as-a-Foreign-Language teachers construct and negotiate their professional identities through collaborative narrative interactions. Grounded in a post-structuralist perspective and informed by Positioning Theory, the study conceptualizes teacher identity as discursively produced and contextually negotiated through storytelling. Employing a collaborative trio-narrative inquiry design, data were generated through individual narrative interviews, group narrative conversations, and reflective journals with these three teachers. A theme-based narrative analysis, guided by Clandinin and Connelly’s three-dimensional framework and Positioning Theory, was systematically conducted. Findings revealed that participants’ identities developed through reflexive interpretations of past experiences, interactive negotiations in present teaching practices, and future-oriented projections of their possible selves. These identity (re)constructions were further embedded within a moral order characterized by personal affection, responsibility, and professional commitment. The study itself contributes to teacher identity research by foregrounding collaborative meaning-making and processes of self- and other-positioning. Pedagogical implications are offered for teacher education and continuing professional development, alongside acknowledged limitations and directions for future research.

This study aims to identify and analyze the contribution of the Mosque Welfare Board in improving the religious attitudes of the community around Ar-Ridha Mosque, Titipapan. This research employed a qualitative approach with data collection techniques including interviews with informants and documentation studies. The results indicate that many mosques are still only used as places for ritual worship and have not been optimized as facilities for empowering the Islamic capacity of the surrounding community. In fact, mosques should not only function as places for congregational prayers but also serve as centers for social, economic, and educational development. At Ar-Ridha Mosque, the utilization of facilities and infrastructure as well as activity management has not been optimal, which affects the comfort and participation of the congregation. Therefore, greater seriousness and responsibility from the mosque administrators are needed to ensure that the mosque functions effectively as a center for fostering the community’s religious development.

Increasingly complex environmental problems, including pollution, ecosystem degradation, and climate change, demand greater awareness and active participation from all sectors of society, particularly students as agents of change. A clean and green campus environment is essential for supporting comfort, health, and the sustainability of academic activities. As centers of education and innovation, universities hold a strategic responsibility to cultivate environmental awareness through the implementation of the green campus concept. This study aims to examine the level of student awareness regarding campus cleanliness and greening based on findings from previous research. The method employed is a literature review, analyzing various relevant sources such as scientific journal articles, academic books, and policy documents related to sustainable campus management. The analysis was conducted using a descriptive qualitative approach to identify recurring patterns, prevailing trends, and key factors influencing students’ environmental awareness and behavior. The results indicate that student awareness levels generally fall within the fair to good category. Students with higher environmental awareness tend to participate more actively in maintaining cleanliness and supporting campus greening initiatives. However, the development of environmentally responsible behavior is strongly influenced by adequate facilities, supportive institutional policies, and a sustainability-oriented campus culture. Therefore, strengthening the role of higher education institutions through comprehensive environmental policies and structured sustainability programs is crucial to fostering clean, green, and sustainable campuses.

Consumer protection is a crucial aspect of trade and industrial activities to ensure consumers’ rights to quality, safety, and fairness in obtaining goods. In the field of metrology, qualitative improvement of product quality plays a strategic role as a preventive effort to minimize consumer losses caused by unfair or non-compliant trading practices. This is in line with Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, which emphasizes legal certainty, honesty, and the responsibility of business actors toward consumers. This study aims to examine qualitative product quality improvement as an effort to realize consumer protection in the field of metrology. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach through literature review and analysis of regulations, policies, and the role of metrological institutions in supervising product quality. The discussion focuses on compliance with standards, supervisory mechanisms, and the responsibility of business actors as key elements of consumer protection. The findings indicate that qualitative improvement of product quality contributes to fair transactions, enhances consumer trust, and prevents practices that may harm consumers. This study is expected to serve as a reference for relevant institutions in strengthening the role of metrology as an integral part of the consumer protection system.

Character-based Islamic education plays a crucial role in shaping environmental awareness and behavior in schools. This study aims to analyze the role of character-based Islamic education in shaping environmental behavior and supporting the realization of Green Schools. The research approach uses a literature review method with content analysis techniques. An analysis of 17 scientific literature, consisting of books and articles from national and international journals published between 2022 and 2025, focused on the integration of Islamic values into Islamic Religious Education (ISE), the process of character internalization, and ecological practices in the school environment. The results indicate that the values of trustworthiness, responsibility, simplicity, and the concept of khalifah fil The environment is the main foundation for fostering students' ecological awareness. The integration of religious beliefs, morals, and Islamic jurisprudence with environmental issues can transform religious values into concrete actions through habituation and exemplary behavior by educators. Changes in student behavior are reflected in habits of maintaining cleanliness, managing waste, and sustainably caring for the school environment. Character-based Islamic education also contributes to building an environmentally friendly school culture and strengthening synergy between schools and the community. This study confirms that character-based Islamic education is relevant as a moral and spiritual approach to addressing the challenges of the environmental crisis. The Green School model based on Islamic values has the potential to become a strategic alternative in developing sustainable education.