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The Qur'an as the final revelation revealed by Allah SWT has a very central role in shaping the teachings and lives of Muslims. One of the most important aspects of the teachings of the Qur'an is the unity of the people, which can be a foundation in maintaining harmony and solidarity amidst existing differences. The virtues contained in the Qur'an, such as teachings on justice, tolerance, brotherhood, and compassion, provide clear direction for Muslims to unite and work together for the common good. However, amid the diversity of schools of thought, ethnicities, and thoughts in Muslims, it is important to re-explore the basic principles of the Qur'an that can strengthen relations between fellow Muslims. This study aims to explore the virtues of the Qur'an that can be the foundation of teachings that unite Muslims. This study also seeks to understand how these values ​​are applied in the context of the social and cultural life of Muslims, both in the past and in the contemporary era. The method used in this study is a qualitative method, with a thematic interpretation approach to analyze the verses of the Qur'an related to the unity of the people, as well as a study of the hadith to explore the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad SAW regarding the unity of the Muslim community. In addition, this study also uses a historical and socio-cultural approach to understand the application of the teachings of the Qur'an in Muslim society from time to time. The results of the study show that the virtues of the Qur'an, such as teachings on brotherhood, justice, and tolerance, have a very important role in strengthening the unity of Muslims, even though there are differences in terms of schools of thought, culture, and views. The Qur'an provides clear guidelines that differences are not a reason to divide, but rather a blessing that enriches the diversity of Muslims. By exploring and applying the teachings of the Qur'an, Muslims are expected to be able to better maintain unity and harmony in facing the challenges of the increasingly plural and complex modern era.

The Water Quality Index (WQI) shows the condition of water quality in an area based on the status of water quality resulting from the measurement of physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters of a water body both rivers and lakes. Several machine learning techniques can be used to predict water quality in an area, one of which is through the prophet model approach which is able to provide fairly accurate predictions for the water quality index in Indonesia. The main objective of this research is to obtain a WQI prediction value as a baseline in the formulation of future environmental control activity policies using the prophet model. The result is that the predicted value of IKA for 2021-2023 generated through machine learning with the prophet model approach shows that the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) value: 7.01, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE): 8.61 and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE): 13.06%, which means that IKA prediction with the prophet model is effective in capturing annual patterns between historical data and future predictions.    

The modern Arab nation, usually referred to as a global society, is certainly different from the Arab nation during the time of the Prophet Muhammad. The difference lies in following the geo-culture that it experiences to continue its existence in the arena of international competition. Modern Arabs have been compressed in ethnolinguistics that are far from being generally Muslim so that the facts that occur are still common among those who are not Muslims. In their religious understanding, the Modern Arab nation seems monolithic and is not dominated by certain doctrines to develop its teachings. So, it is commonplace to find among them various variants, both cultural, political and governmental, to strengthen their existence.

This study aims to explore the celebration of the Prophet Muhammad's birthday at MAS Yaspend Muslim Pematang Tengah, focusing on its impact on student character development. This research used a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving students, teachers, and the activity organizing committee as research subjects. Data were collected through interviews and direct observation during the celebration activities. The results showed that the celebration of the Prophet's birthday at MAS Yaspend Muslim not only serves as a commemorative event, but also as a means of character building through creative educational activities. The Dai, Cerdas Cermat, Azan, and Sholawat competitions held play an important role in enhancing students' creativity, deepening their understanding of the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, and internalizing moral and spiritual values such as discipline, cooperation, honesty, and respect. This activity also serves as a medium to address the social challenges of the younger generation, such as drugs and radicalism, by instilling positive values. Overall, the celebration of the Prophet Muhammad's birthday at MAS Yaspend Muslim succeeded in creating a supportive environment for students' character development, equipping them with social and leadership skills, and strengthening spiritual bonds among students. This study suggests that other educational institutions can implement similar activities with more creative and meaningful approaches.

This study is motivated by the study of prophetic traditions on fasting on Friday, there is also this study means to pursue how the traditions of the prophet will fast on Friday and also the explanation of the traditions of the prophet on fasting on Friday. Because again many believers do not understand if fasting 1 day specifically on Friday is prohibited and allowed if accompanied by 1 day before and 1 day after the same as contained in the traditions of the Prophet. In this study, the observer used a type of library research by accumulating data directly from the library or from romances related to the essay's subject by direct methods. In contrast, the type of study used in this study is a qualitative study by observing the procedures for understanding the conversations of the apostle by considering various thoughts or by general methods, which is a science that discusses the methodological principles (methods and procedures) of understanding the conversations of the apostle as a result of which the apostle's conversations can be understood by suitable methods. The explanation of the Prophetic traditions on fasting on Friday uses a contextual approach. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the majority of Believers avoid fasting on Friday. Not only that, in the conversation of the apostle the Apostle also ordered his people to fast on Friday accompanied by 1 day before or 1 day after which is found in the narration of Sahih Bukhari: meaning “None of you should fast on Friday but accompanied by one day at a time before or after it”.

Knowledge plays a central role in Islamic teachings, both as a means to achieve worldly success and salvation in the afterlife. This study aims to examine the virtue of knowledge as the key to worldly and afterlife success based on the perspective of the Qur'an and hadith. The method used is a literature review with a thematic interpretation approach and hadith analysis to examine the verses of the Qur'an and hadiths related to knowledge. The results of the study show that the Qur'an and hadith firmly place knowledge in a very high position, with knowledge being the main factor that elevates human status, both in the world and in the afterlife. In Surah Al-Mujadilah verse 11, Allah SWT states that He will elevate the status of those who have knowledge, while the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad SAW emphasize that knowledge is the path to heaven and good deeds whose rewards continue to flow. Knowledge not only leads to worldly achievements such as social, economic, and technological progress, but also becomes the main foundation for carrying out worship properly and obtaining happiness in the afterlife.

This study aims to describe the principle of perseverance taught by Elijah through his exemplary life, explain Elijah's strategies in facing life's challenges, and identify the meaning of Elijah's faith and its relevance to everyday life. Elijah demonstrated extraordinary perseverance in his obedience to God, as seen in his story in 1 Kings 17:1-6. He remained faithful to the mission given by God, despite facing various challenges, including spiritual conflict, physical threats, social isolation, and inner turmoil. The pinnacle of Elijah's faith is seen in his confrontation with the prophets of Baal on Mount Carmel, where Elijah challenged idol worship with a strong conviction in God's power. Elijah's experience teaches the importance of maintaining faith in the midst of challenges, consistency in pursuing goals, and nurturing a personal relationship with God as a source of strength. Elijah's life also has relevance in the modern context, especially in terms of empowering leadership, spiritual integrity, moral courage, and commitment to divine truth..

Self-confidence is an important element in achieving success and happiness, and has a significant positive relationship with motivation to learn. However, many individuals face challenges in building their self-confidence due to social pressure and negative experiences. In this context, this study explores sources of motivation from a Quranic perspective, specifically through Surah At-Thaha verses 25-28, which describe Prophet Moses' plea to Allah for peace and ease in facing life's challenges. Tafsir Al-Misbah by Quraish Shihab provides the insight that self-confidence should be built on faith in Allah and recognition of one's potential. This study also highlights the importance of social support, appreciation, and a supportive environment in building self-confidence. Using a qualitative approach and literature review, the results show that self-confidence can be strengthened through spiritual connection, internal reinforcement, and recognition of personal weaknesses, which ultimately encourages individuals to express themselves and reach their full potential. This research is expected to inspire readers to apply Quranic values in their daily lives, in order to increase self-confidence and freedom of expression.

This article was written with the aim of identifying spiritual leaders in the development of Islamic education. This research uses a certain type of library research. Reviewing various periodicals and relevant reference volumes is known as library research. The research findings show that spiritual leadership is a strategy to persuade other people to carry out activities in accordance with the ideals and principles taught by the Prophet Muhammad SAW to achieve a certain goal. Spiritual leadership is the process of persuading others to take beneficial actions to achieve certain goals. The Prophet Muhammad is considered an influence in Islam because of his leadership style. Loyalty is one of the main characteristics that characterizes spiritual leadership. In this context, loyalty shows that both leaders and followers must obey Allah SWT in terms of goals, uphold Islamic law and values, maintain integrity, be disciplined, be consistent, and not be arrogant. In Islamic educational institutions, spiritual leadership is implemented through instilling ideals that are focused on both life in this world and the afterlife. To fulfill their responsibilities, madrasah principals and teachers must do more than fulfill their administrative and instructional duties; they must also serve Allah SWT. By emulating the leadership qualities exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad SAW, such as effective communication between the head of the madrasah and its members, the head of the madrasah as a motivator, fairness, honesty, trustworthiness, deliberation, and applying the principles of discipline, madrasahs can also implement spiritual leadership.  

The Maulid Nabi Muhammad Saw activity at SMKN 3 Palangka Raya is held as a form of Islamic spiritual assistance, as well as a place to develop students' talents in a religious context. This activity involves various activities such as lectures, Islamic art, and creative presentations related to the Prophet's life story, with the aim of strengthening students' love for the Prophet Muhammad and supporting the development of speaking, art, and cooperation skills. This article discusses the implementation of this mentoring activity, the impact felt by students, and the successful implementation of student talents. Using a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, this activity showed an improvement in the aspects of spirituality, speaking skills, and talent development. The mentoring results show that students are not only more involved in religious activities, but also more confident in expressing their religious understanding. This activity creates a positive atmosphere that supports students to learn, create, and contribute to spiritual and social development.

This study examines the asbab al-nuzul of Qur’an Surah Al-Baqarah verse 158 and its relationship with the practice of sa’i in Hajj and Umrah as an expression of gratitude for Allah’s blessings. This verse was revealed to address the doubts of some Companions regarding the legitimacy of sa’i between Safa and Marwah, which during the pre-Islamic era had been associated with idolatrous practices. Using a library research method and exegetical analysis, this study demonstrates that Surah Al-Baqarah verse 158 affirms Safa and Marwah as part of the symbols (sha‘a’ir) of Allah that must be honored and performed within the rites of Hajj and Umrah. The practice of sa’i is not merely a ritual obligation but also embodies profound historical, spiritual, and educational values rooted in the story of Hajar’s struggle in seeking water for Prophet Ismail. Values of patience, effort, reliance on Allah, and gratitude are reflected in every step of sa’i. Understanding the asbab al-nuzul of this verse is expected to encourage Muslims to perform Hajj and Umrah with deeper awareness, sincerity, and meaning, so that worship transcends formal ritual and contributes to character building and the strengthening of faith.    

This research examines the Asbābun Nuzūl of verse 174 of Surah Al-Baqarah and its relationship with faith in Allah as the Creator of the heavens and the earth. This verse contains a strong warning against those who conceal Allah’s revelations and exchange divine truth for worldly gain. Using a qualitative approach based on library research, this study analyzes the historical background of the revelation, its socio-religious context, and interpretations from classical and contemporary Qur’anic scholars. The findings indicate that the Asbābun Nuzūl of verse 174 is closely related to the behavior of certain People of the Book who deliberately hid the truth about the prophethood of Muhammad ﷺ for personal interests. Such actions reflect a weak acknowledgment of Allah’s absolute authority as the Creator and Sustainer of the universe. The connection between this verse and Allah as the Creator of the heavens and the earth emphasizes that all knowledge, revelation, and truth originate solely from Him and must not be manipulated for material benefit. This research is expected to strengthen Islamic theological understanding regarding the obligation to convey truth honestly and to reinforce faith in Allah as the ultimate source of creation, guidance, and moral responsibility.

Perfume has been used since the time of the Prophet Muhammad, not only as a means to improve appearance and cleanliness, but also has spiritual, aesthetic, and health values. The aroma produced from natural ingredients such as flowers, wood, and spices is believed to be able to provide calm and improve the quality of life. This study aims to examine the content of natural chemicals in perfumes, such as essential compounds from plants, and their positive impacts on human physical and mental health. In addition, this study also reviews the use and recommendations of perfumes in the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad, which show that the use of fragrances is part of an Islamic lifestyle that is sunnah. The method used is a systematic literature review, by examining various scientific sources related to natural chemistry and appropriate hadith books. The results of the study show that several natural compounds such as linalool, eugenol, citronellol, and others have antibacterial, antidepressant effects, and provide a sense of relaxation and comfort. From the perspective of the hadith, the use of perfume is a form of cleanliness, respect for others, and a reflection of noble morals. This study concludes that there is harmony between Islamic values and the scientific benefits of natural chemicals in perfume for physical and mental health.

This study explores the integration of Prophet Muhammad's leadership values within Islamic educational institutions, focusing on the challenges and opportunities in the digital age. The primary objective is to analyze how Islamic leadership principles can align with digital advancements while upholding core Islamic values. Using a qualitative approach through document and thematic analysis, this research identifies key challenges, including digital disparities, limited access to technology, and tensions between technological culture and traditional Islamic values. Key strategies are proposed, such as technology-based Islamic leadership training and collaborative efforts to develop digital infrastructure, along with the use of social media as a platform for disseminating Islamic educational values. The findings provide insights into how Islamic educational leadership can adapt in the digital era and suggest future research directions on the role of specific technologies in the application of Islamic leadership.

Confusion among Christians about the concept of salvation by God through Jesus Christ can disrupt their faith. Therefore, churches need to develop anticipatory strategies to overcome this phenomenon, one of which is through preaching. Effective faith-building preaching should be Christocentric, focusing on Jesus as the center of teaching. To achieve this, two conditions must be met: first, a hermeneutic perspective oriented towards Jesus, since this will influence the homiletic methods used; second, biblical readings that support that focus, in which the lexionary is designed to be gospel-centered. Finding the relationship between Christocentric hermeneutics and lexionary is essential to assess the extent to which these two elements can strengthen the faith of the congregation. Biblical and field research shows that both Jesus and his disciples applied a Christocentric approach to Bible reading and teaching. Luke 24:25-27 shows that Jesus is the central figure of the preaching in the Torah, the prophets, and the Psalms. Because in Luke 24:44 Jesus emphasizes the importance of reading the Bible with a Christocentric perspective. Colossians 1:15-20 is an example that shows the connection of this perspective to the theme of God's creation and salvation. The results of the study also showed that the cristocentric perspective was valid both in the context of Christian hermeneutics and in general, with survey analysis showing a positive correlation between Christocentric hermeneutics and lexionary sermons intended for congregations.

Civil society is a socio-political construct that places Islam and the State in a state of mutual need, namely, Islam, on the one hand, as a moral guide for state management, and the State, on the other, as a foundation for Islamic values. This conception refers to the significant amount of the Medina-built society of the prophet Muhammad and Khulafaurrasyidin, which consists of five key pillars: monotheism, humanism, deliberations, justice, and Brotherhood. This artiicle aims to investigate how civil society interacts with the growth of political democracy in Indonesia. The researcher used descriptive qualitative techniques in this investigation by analyzing primary data collected from library studies. The data were processed using discourse analyzes and hermeneutic analysis techniques. Besides, the researchers used the historical, sociological, philosophical, and theological convergence approach. The article result revealed that the process of consolidating and improving political democracy in Indonesia remained bureaucratic and did not wholly represent civil society characteristics.

Knowledge and understanding of truth play a pivotal role in shaping the character of youth. The Quran, as the primary source of knowledge in Islam, illustrates this through the story of Yusa' bin Nun, a companion of Prophet Musa, in Surah Al-Kahfi verses 60-65. This research analyzes the role of Yusa' bin Nun in the pursuit of knowledge and truth based on the interpretations of Ibn Al Kathir and Al-Maraghi. Using a qualitative approach and literature review method, the study focuses on two issues: the role of Yusa' bin Nun in seeking knowledge according to Ibn Al Kathir and Al-Maraghi, and the similarities and differences in their opinions. Ibn Al Kathir's interpretation highlights Yusa's loyalty and enthusiasm in seeking knowledge alongside Prophet Musa and Prophet Khidir. Despite facing peculiar actions, Yusa' demonstrates loyalty and conviction, inspiring the younger generation in their scholarly and spiritual journey. Al-Maraghi's interpretation emphasizes the moral role, enthusiasm for learning, and loyalty of Yusa' as symbols of spiritual values. This perspective underscores patience and perseverance in the scholarly journey, revealing that the pursuit of religious knowledge involves profound spiritual experiences. The results of this research provide a deep understanding of the role of youth in seeking knowledge and truth, portraying Yusa' bin Nun as an exemplar of loyalty, enthusiasm for learning, and spiritual experience. This story serves as inspiration for the younger generation, illustrating that the pursuit of knowledge is not merely about acquiring information but also involves profound spiritual experiences.

The Quran is the word of Allah revealed to Prophet Muhammad (SAW) through the angel Gabriel to serve as a guide for humanity. All human beings are required to believe in and study the Quran, one of the methods being Iqra. The Iqra method emphasizes fluent reading without spelling. This method was first taught by K.H. As’ad Humam in 1983. It is based on a child-centered approach, providing students with ample opportunities to develop optimally according to their abilities.This study will discuss the definition of the Iqra method, its history, advantages and disadvantages, as well as a comparison with other methods of Quran study, in order to identify the most effective way to learn the Quran. With this method, children can read the Quran properly according to the rules of Tajwid, including aspects such as makhraj al-huruf, mad, idgham, and other reading laws.

Al-Qur’an, the holy book of Muslims, contains instructions and guidelines for the life of a Muslim. One of the important aspects of Islamic worship is prayer, which is obligatory for every Muslim. During the prayer, a number of surahs of the Quran are read in succession. There are several letters that the Prophet Muhammad SAW read in prayer, one of the letters that must be read in every prayer is the letter Al Fatihah. In addition to Al Fatihah, there are several other letters that the Prophet also recommended to read in prayer, not only about what letters the Prophet read in prayer, but the Prophet also ordered that the prayer readings be adjusted when serving as the priest for congregational prayers. The research shows the themes of hadith concerning what are the letters that the Prophet Muhammad SAW read in prayer and how the ethics are in reading the Koran when he becomes an imam  in congregational prayers.

When Jesus appeared to the disciples, he said: "Peace be with you; he breathed on them and said: Receive the Holy Spirit", John 20:21-22. Shortly after that Jesus ascended into heaven. The disciples prayed for ten days in Jerusalem and the Holy Spirit came down as promised by Jesus, (Acts 1:8). In addition, no one else, be it prophets, apostles, church fathers or pastors may breathe and tell people to receive the Holy Spirit. This study aims to find the views and attitudes of Christianity in ordaining ministry or worship. In this study, the method used is qualitative descriptive with an approach to an understanding and comprehension of the importance of receiving the anointing of the Holy Spirit so as not to be extreme in the completion of ministry or worship. The Holy Spirit anoints someone so that the person experiences a change in life to become spiritually qualified and has the divine ability to carry out ministry according to his calling, with abilities that exceed human strength.