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One of the socioeconomic problems faced by every region is poverty. Poverty is a social issue that takes place in the long term, so that until now it is still difficult to overcome. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Population, Open Unemployment Rate (TPT), and Human Development Index on Poverty Level in North Sumatra Province. This study uses secondary data analysis in the form of time series data which is quantitative in nature, namely data in the form of numbers. The secondary data used in this study are poverty data, population data, open unemployment rate data and human development index data from 2001 to 2021. These data were obtained from the North Sumatra in Figures (SUDA) document from 2001 to 2021. The results of this study prove that population has a significant effect on the poverty rate of North Sumatra Province, the open unemployment rate variable has no significant effect on the poverty rate of North Sumatra Province, the human development index variable has no significant effect on the poverty rate of North Sumatra Province. Simultaneously, population, open unemployment rate (TPT), and human development index have a significant effect on the poverty rate in North Sumatra province.

This study aims to analyze the efficiency of raw material inventory control for bread products at Rejeki Bakery in Mijen, Semarang, and to examine the application of the Material Requirement Planning (MRP) method in optimizing raw material inventory costs. The research employs a quantitative approach using secondary data as the main source. The data analysis technique utilized in this study is the Material Requirement Planning (MRP) method, which includes three inventory control techniques: Lot For Lot (LFL), Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), and Period Order Quantity (POQ). Each method was analyzed to determine the most efficient inventory cost. The results show that the raw material inventory cost using the Lot For Lot (LFL) method is Rp 2,400,000.00, the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method results in an inventory cost of Rp 2,992,600.00, while the Period Order Quantity (POQ) method incurs a cost of Rp 6,924,800.00. Additionally, the current raw material inventory cost under Rejeki Bakery’s management policy is Rp 2,681,600.00. Based on these findings, the implementation of the Material Requirement Planning (MRP) method at Rejeki Bakery in Mijen, Semarang, has demonstrated its effectiveness in improving the efficiency of inventory management. Among the three techniques analyzed, the Lot For Lot (LFL) method proves to be the most cost-effective, as it minimizes excess inventory while ensuring that production needs are met. This study highlights the importance of selecting an appropriate inventory control method to optimize costs and enhance operational efficiency in bakery production.

This study examines the key factors within the S.C.C.O.R.E model (stimulus, capability, collusion, opportunity, rationalization, ego), widely known as the Fraud Hexagon framework, in detecting the potential for financial statement fraud using the Beneish M-Score approach. The stimulus element is proxied by financial instability, capability by change in director, collusion by cooperation with government project, opportunity by ineffective monitoring, rationalization by change in auditor, and ego by the frequent number of CEO’s pictures. This research focuses on companies that received the special E notation (companies with negative equity) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019-2023 period, with a total of 145 observations. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique. A quantitative approach is employed in this study, utilizing secondary data sourced from annual reports and financial statements, analyzed through logistic regression. The results show that financial instability, change in auditor, and frequent number of CEO’s pictures have a positive and significant effect on the potential for financial statement fraud. Meanwhile, change in director, cooperation with government project, and ineffective monitoring have no significant influence on the potential for financial statement fraud.

This quantitative research investigates the influence of Family Economics, Learning Facilities, and Student Guardians on the Science Learning Attitudes of fourth-grade students at SDN Barombong. Using a saturated sampling method, the study involved 85 students from three classes. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple regression, t-tests, and F-tests via SPSS 26. The results show that Family Economics, Learning Facilities, and Student Guardians each have a positive and significant effect on students’ science learning attitudes. Collectively, these variables significantly influence learning attitudes, with Family Economics emerging as the most dominant factor. The findings highlight the critical role of socio-economic and educational support factors in shaping student attitudes toward science learning in primary education.

Land acquisition is an activity to provide land by providing adequate and fair compensation to the entitled party, either in the form of money, replacement land, resettlement, share ownership, or other forms agreed by both parties. The issue of compensation is one of the disputes that must be resolved in court and takes quite a long time. This study aims to determine how the judge's considerations are in decision Number 46 / Pdt.G / 2021 / Pn Rno and to find out the legal consequences for both parties in decision Number 46 / Pdt.G / 2021 / Pn Rno. This research is a normative legal research. Normative legal research, or legal research, is generally based on document studies by relying on legal sources such as laws and regulations, court decisions, legal theories, and expert opinions. The object of research in this writing focuses on a case study of a court decision with case number 46 / Pdt.G / 2021 / Pn Rno. The results of the study indicate that the unlawful act case filed at the Rote Ndao District Court has been implemented. The case has been decided fairly by the judge without harming either party/ so that the defendant, as the losing party, is obliged to pay compensation to the plaintiff and in return the plaintiff surrenders his land to be used as a regional government asset in the context of public services for the Rote Ndao community. Based on this, both parties should coordinate and involve related parties to find a bright spot. The government is also expected to be able to socialize the compensation case to the community. This is useful to prevent legal problems from arising in the future.

Maternal health is a measure of the level of social welfare. Maternal death is the death of a woman during pregnancy, childbirth or within 42 days after the end of pregnancy. Perineal rupture is the second most common cause of postpartum bleeding. Tearing may coincide with uterine atony. Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO), 2.7 million cases of perineal rupture occurred in mothers giving birth. This figure is estimated to reach 6.3 million in 2050. One way to prevent perineal rupture is to maintain the elasticity of the perineum. Increasing the elasticity of the perineum is done by means of pregnancy exercises. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between pregnancy exercise and perineal rupture in postpartum mothers at Anemia Of Pregnant Women At BPM Helena Astuti Sinaga.The research design is an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was all mothers giving birth at Anemia Of Pregnant Women At BPM Helena Astuti Sinaga in November-March 2023, namely 764 people with a research sample of 88 people. The sampling technique used random sampling and research analysis used the chi square test.The research results showed that the majority of pregnant women who took part in pregnancy exercise at BPM were 47 (53.4%) and those who did not do pregnancy exercise were 41 (46.6%). Inpartum mothers who experienced perineal rupture were 42 (47.3%) and those who did not experience perineal rupture were 46 (52.3%). Based on the results of statistical tests between pregnancy exercise and perineal rupture, the p value = 0.003 (p < 0.05). The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between pregnancy exercise and perineal rupture during birth at BPM Helena Astuti Sinaga. So it was suggested to Anemia Of Pregnant Women At BPM Helena Astuti Sinaga to improve services, especially for pregnant women, to do pregnancy exercises.

This study aims to analyze the effect of ability, creativity, and independent attitude of students on the skills of working on waste recycling projects in seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 6 Bulukumba. The study used a quantitative approach with a total sampling method of 49 students. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple regression, t-test, and F-test with the help of SPSS 26. The results showed that the ability, creativity, and independent attitude of students had a positive and significant effect partially or simultaneously on the skills of working on waste recycling projects. The main finding of this study is that students' ability is the most dominant variable in influencing the skills of working on waste recycling projects.

Crackers are a typical Indonesian food that is very popular with various groups because of its crunchy texture and distinctive savory taste. One type of cracker that is often found is shrimp paste crackers, which are made from flour with the addition of shrimp paste, spices, and raising agents. In the production process, sophisticated technology is needed to increase production efficiency so that it can save energy, time, and costs. However, production equipment produced by factories is often expensive and difficult for the public to reach. Therefore, appropriate technology has emerged that is designed to help the community, one of which is a manual cracker cutter. This tool is designed to speed up and simplify the process of cutting crackers with uniform cutting results, namely 2-5 mm thick. Based on the trial, the cracker cutter using guitar strings showed significant time efficiency compared to a kitchen knife. The total cutting time with a kitchen knife reached 6 minutes 88 seconds, while using a cutter only took 42 seconds, with a time difference of 6 minutes 18 seconds. These results show that a manual cracker cutter based on guitar strings can increase efficiency and productivity in the cracker production process.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the main challenges in the health sector in Indonesia, with a fairly high number of cases each year. This study aims to analyze the distribution of TB cases based on occupation and identify community groups that are at higher risk of spreading this disease. The data used in this study were obtained from estimates of the 2022 TB epidemiology report. The results of the analysis show that informal workers, such as laborers and traders, are the group with the highest number of TB cases, at 36.0%. This is followed by formal workers (21.6%), farmers/fishermen (17.3%), housewives (14.4%), students (6.5%), and unemployed or retired groups (4.2%). The high prevalence of TB in informal workers is caused by several factors, including an unhygienic work environment, limited access to health services, and unhealthy lifestyles. Based on these findings, a more effective strategy is needed in efforts to prevent and control TB, especially for groups with high levels of vulnerability. Health education, increasing access to health services, improving work environment sanitation, and early detection programs are important steps in reducing the spread of TB. With the right intervention, it is hoped that the number of TB cases in Indonesia can be reduced significantly.

Breast milk (BM) is the optimal source of nutrition for newborns up to six months old, providing essential antibodies, complete nutrition, and easier digestion compared to formula milk. Exclusive breastfeeding is crucial for infant health, and efforts to support lactation include consuming a balanced and nutritious diet. This study aimed to examine the effect of papaya and watermelon consumption on breast milk expression in nursing mothers. The research utilized a true experimental design with a two-group post-test approach, conducted over five consecutive days. The intervention involved consuming 400 grams of cut papaya and 300 grams of watermelon daily. The study population consisted of postpartum mothers with infants aged 0–6 months, and the sampling technique used was probability sampling, resulting in a total of 42 respondents. Participants were divided into two groups: 21 in the control group and 21 in the intervention group. The Wilcoxon test was applied for statistical analysis. The findings revealed that papaya consumption significantly affected breast milk expression, with a p-value of 0.046 (<0.05), accepting the alternative hypothesis (Ha). This result indicated that papaya intervention increased breast milk expression by 2,000 times. Similarly, the watermelon intervention showed a significant effect, with a p-value of 0.02 (<0.05), also leading to the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis (Ha). The analysis suggested that watermelon consumption improved breast milk expression in nursing mothers by 3.162 times. These findings highlight the potential benefits of consuming papaya and watermelon in enhancing lactation, providing valuable insights for nursing mothers and healthcare professionals in supporting breastfeeding practices.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving rewards and punishments on the learning activity of fifth grade students in elementary schools. This study used a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design research type. The design used in this study was intact group comparison, this research design involved two classes with a total of 56 students. Among them are class V A as an experimental class, namely a class that was given the treatment of giving rewards and punishments during the learning process and class V B as a control class, namely a class that was not given the treatment of giving rewards and punishments during the learning process. The data collection technique in this study was using an observation sheet for student learning activity. While the data analysis technique used was a prerequisite test and a hypothesis test. The prerequisite test used in this study was a normality test and a homogeneity test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The results of the hypothesis proof using the T Test obtained a result of 0.000 with a significance level of α = 0.05, so it can be concluded that 0.000 > 0.05 so that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, which means that there is an influence of the use of rewards and punishments on the learning activity of fifth grade students at SD Negeri 28 Gresik.    

Background: Hypertension in pregnant women in the third trimester is a serious health problem that can have a negative impact on the mother and fetus. The main contributing risk factors are Body Mass Index (BMI) and urine protein levels. This study aims to analyze the relationship between BMI and urine protein to the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women in the third trimester at the Marlianti Clinic, East Aceh.Methods: An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The sample was pregnant women in the third trimester who underwent pregnancy check-ups. Data were collected through BMI measurements and urine protein examinations, then analyzed using bivariate tests.Results: Of the 48 pregnant women with hypertension, 81.3% had a BMI ≥25 compared to 41.7% in the control group. The analysis showed a significant relationship between obesity and hypertension (p < 0.001, OR = 6.0; 95% CI: 2.407-15.291). In addition, 70.8% of mothers with hypertension had positive urine protein compared to 33.3% in the control group (p = 0.001, OR = 4.8; 95% CI: 2.046-11.531).Conclusion: BMI and urine protein levels are significantly associated with hypertension in pregnant women in the third trimester. Monitoring BMI and urine protein is important for the prevention and early treatment of gestational hypertension.

This study aims to determine the profile of cardiorespiratory endurance among male futsal athletes participating in Pra PON SULUT 2023, as well as to analyze the variability in their cardiovascular performance. The research employs a descriptive quantitative approach, involving 35 athletes selected through total sampling. Measurements were conducted using the bleep test to assess cardiorespiratory endurance. The results indicate that 75% of the athletes fall within the "good" to "very good" categories, while the remaining athletes are classified from "adequate" to "poor." These findings suggest that the majority of the athletes have achieved optimal levels of endurance; however, significant individual differences exist, likely influenced by initial physical condition and training intensity. The results of this study align with the theories of Depdiknas (2010) and Pekik (2004), which emphasize the importance of respiratory and circulatory efficiency in supporting athletic performance, and support Husein Argasmita’s (2007) view that the variability in cardiorespiratory endurance requires special attention in athlete development. This study is expected to serve as a basis for designing more focused and individualized training programs to enhance the performance of futsal athletes in future competitions.

This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to evaluate the role of Bawaslu's public relations in increasing public participation in the 2024 Simultaneous Elections, through collaboration with students and activists. The activity was carried out in the form of a seminar and forum group discussion (FGD) involving 50 participants from students and activists in Binjai City. This event was held on March 6, 2025, at the Graha Kardopa Hotel. Through the presentation of material by speakers from Bawaslu North Sumatra, and Management Lecturers from Prima Indonesia University as well as open discussion sessions, this activity encourages a deeper understanding of the strategic role of public communication and public relations in the implementation of transparent and participatory elections. The evaluation results showed that collaboration between students, activists, and Bawaslu was able to strengthen the effectiveness of political communication and increase the participatory awareness of the younger generation. This activity is expected to be a model of educational synergy between election organizing institutions and civil society groups in supporting healthy and inclusive democratic practices.

This study aims to examine the role of teachers in improving students' potential, with a focus on aspects of learning and character development. The role of teachers is very important in supporting the development of various student potentials, both in terms of academics and character, both of which contribute to students' readiness to face future challenges. This study uses a qualitative literature method. Data were collected through document analysis related to learning programs and extracurricular activities. The results of the study indicate that teachers play a role in identifying and exploring students' potential through creative and adaptive learning methods. The conclusion in this study shows that developing students' character by instilling moral values, discipline, and responsibility has an impact through direct role models, effective communication, and positive interactions between teachers and students. This study suggests the need for ongoing training for teachers so that they can be more optimal in developing students' academic and character potential.

The advancement of technology and the internet has driven the use of social media, including Instagram, as a communication and marketing tool. Dear Me Beauty utilizes Instagram to promote products and engage with consumers. This study aims to analyze the Instagram content of @dearmebeauty, examine consumer purchase interest, and measure the influence of Instagram content on purchase interest. A quantitative research method was employed using a survey of 91 active followers selected through Simple Random Sampling. Data was collected via an online questionnaire and analyzed using simple linear regression. The results indicate that Dear Me Beauty’s Instagram content significantly influences consumer purchase interest. This is evidenced by the t-value exceeding the t-table value, indicating a positive effect. The R Square value of 62.4% suggests that Instagram content contributes to purchase interest, while 37.6% is influenced by other factors not examined in this study. These findings highlight the crucial role of engaging Instagram content in shaping consumer purchase interest and provide insights for businesses to optimize their digital marketing strategies.    

Shrimp is one of the marine resources with significant economic potential, particularly in tropical regions. The utilization of shrimp can contribute substantially to the economy of coastal communities. This study aims to analyze the economic potential of shrimp and its utilization by coastal communities in tropical regions. The results of the study indicate that shrimp has significant economic potential, with production values reaching hundreds of millions of dollars per year. However, the utilization of shrimp by coastal communities is still suboptimal due to limited market access, lack of knowledge on shrimp processing technology, and inadequate government support. This study recommends several strategies to enhance the utilization of shrimp by coastal communities, including market infrastructure development, training on shrimp processing technology, and increased government support.

The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of parental working hours and family socio-economic conditions on children's cognitive development within Indonesian Muslim households. This research uses data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) waves 4 and 5, employing fixed effect regression methodology with Stata 15.1 software. The study sample includes children from Muslim households aged 7-14 years in IFLS 4 and the same individuals aged 14-22 years in IFLS 5. The findings indicate that father’s working hours have a significant positive effect on children's cognitive development. Higher income from longer working hours enables fathers to meet children's basic needs, such as education and healthcare, which contributes to improving their well-being and cognitive abilities. However, mothers' working hours do not significantly affect children's cognitive development. Socio-economic factors, such as children's education, also have a significant positive impact on their cognitive abilities, while children's employment status has a significant negative impact. Overall, longer fathers' working hours contribute to increased family income, which ultimately supports improved socio-economic conditions and children's cognitive development. This study provides new insights into the dynamics of Muslim families and policy recommendations to support family well-being and education based on Islamic values.

Villages are the smallest government structure in the Republic of Indonesia. Amborgang Village is located in an inland area of Porsea Sub-district that is difficult to access using the internet network, so many migrants from outside the village and tourists have difficulty finding road access to the village. The lack of clear road directions causes confusion and difficulty finding important locations of Amborgang Village, such as public facilities, hamlet names, and community service centers. The purpose of this research is to create informative and easy-to-understand road directions to improve accessibility in the village. The method used through qualitative and quantitative approaches, including determining the right location for the installation of the directions, creating an attractive and useful visual design. It also included informing the community about the use and function of the signage. The results of this project show a significant improvement in the ease of navigation to the Village facility center, this can be reviewed after the installation of road directions makes newcomers no longer need to ask questions to Amborgang Village residents.

The Community service is a community-based education that aims to hone students' thinking skills in socializing in the general public based on religious, social, cultural, aspirational, and potential characteristics. The Amborgang Elementary School Literacy and Numeracy Improvement Program through Learning Assistance that the author conducted was intended as part of the process of educating the nation's life as mandated by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This activity was carried out for 10 days along with the implementation of the HKBP Nommensen University Medan Community Service Practice Lecture program which lasted 14 days. This activity is targeted for grade I to grade VI elementary school. The implementation methods used include pre-assignment, assignment, observation and direct assistance in the field. The location of community service activities at Amborgang Elementary School, Amborgang Village, Porsea District, Toba Regency, North Sumatra Province. The form of assistance provided focuses on literacy and numeracy activities. The results of the learning assistance carried out were well received by all students of Amborgang Elementary School, this can be seen from the participation of elementary school students who participated during the companion teacher's learning and many students were able to read and count.