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The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education has opened new possibilities for enhancing teaching and learning, particularly in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) classrooms. This study examines the perceptions and motivations of third-semester management students at Universitas Merdeka Pasuruan regarding AI-assisted writing tools in their ESP courses. Using a qualitative case study design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 participants. Thematic analysis identified three key themes: perceptions of AI tools' usefulness, motivational factors, and challenges. Participants viewed AI tools as beneficial for improving writing skills, providing personalized feedback, and supporting collaborative learning. Motivational drivers included simplifying complex tasks and promoting independent learning. However, challenges such as technical difficulties and limited proficiency in using AI features were highlighted. The findings emphasize the potential of AI in enhancing ESP instruction, provided challenges are addressed with adequate training and support. Despite its small sample size and focus on a single institution, the study offers insights into the pedagogical implications of AI integration in specialized language education. It also provides practical recommendations for optimizing AI use in ESP classrooms while calling for broader research in diverse educational contexts.

This study explored the perceptions and challenges faced by senior high school students in utilizing web-based platforms for English language learning. Employing a literature review methodology, the study synthesized findings from recent studies to analyze the effectiveness, user experiences, and obstacles associated with digital learning tools in the context of language education. The study highlighted students' positive attitudes towards the accessibility and interactive features of web-based platforms while identifying challenges such as technical difficulties, limited digital literacy, and motivational issues. The review also examined the pedagogical implications of integrating web-based platforms into traditional learning environments, emphasizing the need for teacher training and support mechanisms to maximize learning outcomes. By providing a comprehensive overview of existing research, this study aimed to contribute to the discourse on leveraging technology for language learning in senior high schools and offers insights for future research and policy development.

The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has drastically changed the global employment landscape, necessitating the comprehensive development of 21st-century skills in education systems. This study examines how private high schools in Indonesia implement 21st-century skills, focusing on the barriers faced, the strategies used, and their impact on student learning outcomes. We used a mixed-methods approach involving 200 students, 25 teachers, and 10 principals from five private high schools in Java. Data were collected through surveys, semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results revealed four main barriers: limited teacher preparedness, limited resources, difficulties in assessment, and resistance to changes in teaching methods. Effective strategies implemented included ongoing professional development programs, integrating learning technology, project-based learning, and strengthening teacher collaboration. Our findings demonstrate significant improvements in students' critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and communication skills in schools implementing the comprehensive strategy. This research provides theoretical contributions to understanding the implementation context in developing countries while offering practical implications for policy makers, school administrators, and educators in designing contextual and sustainable 21st-century skills development programs.

This study is based on the results of observations made at SDN Lirboyo 1 Kediri City, teachers in delivering material, especially the Solar System, only use the lecture method and student books. Many students have difficulty in explaining and mentioning the constituent members of the Solar System. student difficulties are seen when students are asked questions only silent, and the value at the end of learning is far from the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM). The formulation of the problem developed is how the process, practical validity and effectiveness of pop up book media on solar system material for grade VI elementary school students in its use as media during learning. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) research method with the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implementation, and Evaluation). The subjects of this study were teachers and students of grade VI SDN Lirboyo 1 Kediri City. There are two instruments used in this study, namely using questionnaires and tests. Questionnaires are used to determine the validity and practicality of pop up book media, while tests are used to determine the effectiveness of pop up book media. The results of the pop up book media development research are as follows: (1) The results of the pop-up book media validity trial were carried out by media experts and material experts and received a percentage of 90% very valid or can be used without revision. (2) The results of the pop-up book media practicality trial in the limited trial were carried out by teachers by 92% and from students by 95%, then the results of the pop-up book media practicality in the broad trial were carried out by students by 93.5%. The percentage of scores from teachers and student responses is in the range of 81.00% - 100.00% which can be categorised as very interesting/valid. (3) The results of the effectiveness of pop-up book media obtained from the results of pretest and post test scores and getting a percentage of 81.65% are in the vulnerable range of 81.00% - 100.00% declared very effective can be used without improvement.

Writing in English is an important skill for students to acquire, yet many students experience difficulties.  This study aims to identify the strategies teachers use in planning English writing lessons and understand the barriers faced during planning. Using a qualitative case study approach, data was collected through observation, interviews with teachers, and document analysis. The results showed that using a scientific approach and visual aids, such as graphs, was very effective in teaching writing. However, teachers face challenges in adjusting materials to students' diverse abilities such as time constraints, and students' lack of motivation.  However, teachers have to adapt the materials to students' varying ability levels, lack of enthusiasm, and time constraints. This research provides important information for educators to help them create and implement more successful writing classes and motivate students to take an active role in their education. As a result, it is expected that students can improve their writing ability.

Teachers are the most important component in the learning process in education. However, many students are not interested and bored during the learning process; some even fall asleep after being promised something. Students' ability to understand learning materials is influenced by various internal and environmental variables. Helping students in learning will have a negative impact on their development and quality of life in the future if not managed properly by parents and teachers. Therefore, parents, schools, and instructors all contribute to helping children overcome their challenges. Teachers have an important influence in the lives of their students. Thus, this diagnostic seeks to identify the root causes of students' learning challenges and identify solutions. This study aims to (1) identify factors that cause learning difficulties, (2) identify procedures and techniques for analyzing learning difficulties diagnosis, (3) determine the location of students' learning challenges or problems, and (4) help students who experience learning difficulties. Data collection was carried out using two techniques, namely observation of the teaching and learning process (PBM) and the student environment, as well as interviews with parents and instructors. According to the results of the study, students were less enthusiastic about learning because they were less interested and even tended to be lazy. Some students dislike some subjects because of their inability to understand certain elements. Therefore, such students rarely complete the assignments given and almost never take notes on certain lesson topics. Furthermore, the lack of interest in learning for some students can also be caused by their inability to understand the information that the instructor is trying to convey. This is caused by the failure of teachers to provide detailed examples of how to solve problems, and some teachers even fail to include examples when explaining the lesson content.

Solmization is a system used in reading number notation or what is commonly called a naming system for each note in a diatonic scale. The problem that occurs in SMAN N 9 Kupang is that in singing they tend to imitate the notes that are exemplified without understanding the notation. The main problem in this study is how the process of implementing the solfegio method in learning to read solmization for vocal students of class X of SMA N 9 Kupang. The purpose of this study is to describe the process of implementing the solfegio method in learning to read solmization for vocal students of class XI of SMAN N 9 Kupang. The approach in this study is a qualitative approach with a field action method. The results of the study describe the process of learning to read solmization which is carried out in 3 stages, namely the initial stage, the core stage and the final stage, which are described during 10 meetings. The final result of this study is that students are able to read number notation well, understand the value of notation, notation symbols, signs in number notation that can be observed through the observation rubric that the researcher has created. During the learning process of reading solmization, some students had difficulty in understanding the value of the notes on the 1/16 note, but these difficulties can be overcome by using the solfeggio method and the researcher providing repeated exercises.

This study aims to analyze the role of MGMPS in improving teachers' pedagogical and professional competencies at UPT SMPN Garaupa No. 13 Selayar Islands. This research is a qualitative study with a descriptive approach. The subjects in this study were supervisors, principals, MGMPS leaders, and 3 Integrated Social Studies teachers. Data collection techniques in this study used interviews, observation, and documentation while the data analysis techniques used included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results showed that the School Level Subject Teacher Conference (MGMPS) at UPT SMPN Garaupa No. 13 Selayar Islands has an important role in improving teachers' pedagogical and professional competencies. Through this forum, teachers gain a better understanding of the curriculum, improve their teaching skills and share knowledge through collaborative learning. MGMPS also introduces innovative learning methods and supports the mastery of teaching strategies that suit students' needs. Barriers such as limited resources, low teacher participation and difficulties in program planning are overcome with resource support, increased motivation and relevant mentoring. Other solutions include external collaboration for training, strategies to increase participation and technical support in curriculum planning. These efforts are expected to increase the effectiveness of MGMPS in developing teachers' competencies on an ongoing basis..

This study aims  to describe and reveal data about the diagnosis of student learning difficulties at school and the teacher's efforts to identify the types and characteristics, as well as the factors that cause students to experience difficulties in learning. This research uses a qualitative research approach with a library research approach obtained from books, literature, articles, journals, and sites on the internet that are related to the research conducted. The results of the study show that learning difficulties are defined as obstacles to children in learning who have difficulty learning to read, understanding every learning the child cannot develop and receive the information obtained properly so that it affects the child's learning achievement. Factors that cause students to experience difficulties in learning are 2, namely internal factors which include psycho-physical disorders of students both in cognitive, affective, psychomotor aspects and external factors including family, school and community environments. Efforts made by teachers to overcome students' learning difficulties can make various strategic efforts involving identification, diagnosis, intervention, providing assistance and collaboration. In this effort, it is important for teachers to continuously improve their professional competence, especially in recognizing and dealing with various types of learning difficulties.

This study aims to describe and reveal data about the diagnostic approach in assessing learning difficulties in junior high school students. This research uses a qualitative research approach with a library research approach obtained from books, literature, articles, journals, and sites on the internet that are related to the research conducted. The results showed that the diagnostic approach has proven effective in identifying and dealing with learning difficulties of junior high school students. The form of learning difficulties in junior high school students is related to changes in their cognitive and emotional development. the form of difficulty that is often found is difficulty in exact lessons (Mathematics and Science). The causes of students having difficulty learning science are interest, motivation, concentration, learning habits and intelligence. To find out learning difficulties, teachers can conduct learning diagnostics through: first, student identification. second, conduct a diagnosis test with the most consecutive instruments using observation guides, written tests, interview guides and questionnaires and can conduct diagnostic investigations of learning difficulties by observation, interviews (interviews), diagnosis tests (including giving instructions, conducting tests, assessing test results, following up by adding remedial programs). third, provide assistance with tutoring.

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays an important role in the formation of students' character and understanding of religious teachings. However, in practice, not a few students face difficulties in understanding PAI material, both in terms of cognitiveness and affective. These difficulties can be caused by a variety of factors, such as differences in academic ability, lack of motivation, or socio-cultural problems. Therefore, the right strategy from PAI teachers in overcoming learning difficulties is very necessary. This article aims to identify various strategies that PAI teachers can apply to help students overcome learning difficulties. Based on a literature review, there are several approaches that have proven to be effective, including the use of varied learning methods, the use of educational technology, the provision of intensive guidance, and the strengthening of student motivation and character. In addition, the importance of constructive evaluation and feedback in the learning process is also one of the keys in improving the effectiveness of PAI learning. By implementing these strategies, it is hoped that the learning difficulties faced by students can be overcome, and the quality of PAI learning can be improved.

AUM PTSDL is a problem expression tool in a typical student to see the effectiveness of student learning. The purpose of this research is to provide an overview of the implementation of the AUM PTSDL problem directly to students, especially in PAB 8 sampali junior high school students. in the application of AUM PTSDL can accelerate overcoming problems in learning, especially broken home students. This research uses a descriptive method with a case study approach. This research was conducted at PAB 8 Sampali Junior High School on October 23-5, 2020. The subjects in this study were 9th grade AUM PTSDL students at SMP PAB 8 sampali. Based on the results of the research, the implementation of AUM PTSDL at SMP PAB 8 sampali has been carried out and shows that students have broken home problems that students are carried out AUM with several problems, namely, PTSDL. The conclusion is that students who have problems in AUM PTSDL will provide benefits in the form of support or advice to improve the quality of student learning from counseling teachers in schools.

This study aims to analyze the barriers in early childhood reading skills at Al-Mukaddimah Kindergarten. The main focus of this research includes identifying barriers experienced by children, factors that influence these barriers, and teacher efforts in overcoming reading difficulties. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach, which involves observation, interviews and documentation. The results show that there are several barriers in early reading skills, such as difficulty recognizing letters, distinguishing letters, and understanding symbols and numbers. Factors that influence these obstacles include the child's psychological condition, family environment, and learning methods applied by the teacher. Teachers' efforts in overcoming these obstacles are carried out through a fun and interactive approach, including the use of interesting learning media and varied teaching strategies. This research is expected to contribute to the development of reading learning methods in early childhood and provide recommendations for teachers and parents in supporting children's reading skills.

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of using a guided inquiry learning approach on the development of critical thinking skills in sixth grade elementary school in Mathematics. This research uses a quantitative approach with the ex post facto method, namely the researcher does not control the variables, only takes data regarding the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable. This research uses a quantitative approach and the analysis in this research uses descriptive and regression analysis. This research was motivated by teachers' difficulties in providing a good understanding of grade 6 elementary school mathematics learning material on the application of ratios in everyday life, namely scales. teachers' limited knowledge regarding the application of inquiry-based learning methods, as well as students' low critical thinking abilities in mathematics learning and their overall low academic achievement. The population in this study were 77 grade VI students at Wadungasri Elementary School, Waru District, Sidoarjo Regency, and a sample of 25 students was taken. Data collection techniques using questionnaires. Data processing techniques with validity testing using expert judgment techniques. Reliability test uses Alpha Cronbach. Analysis prerequisite tests are normality test and linearity test. The data analysis technique used is a simple regression test. Research results: the guided inquiry learning model has an effect on students' critical thinking skills by 1.673%.

This article aims to examine the implementation of morals-based non-test assessment in PAI learning in grade 11 of SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta, focusing on its influence on students' character development. Islamic Religious Education (PAI) has an important role in instilling moral values. In this context, morals-based non-test assessment is an effective approach to assessing students' character development, as it focuses on observing their behavior and attitudes. At SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta, the implementation of this method is expected to help students not only understand religious teachings in theory, but also apply them in daily life. This research is a type of field research that is descriptive qualitative in nature. The main focus of this research is to understand the concept of evaluation in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning, which includes both test-based and non-test evaluation methods at SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta. In this study, a phenomenological approach is used to explore the experiences and understanding of individuals or groups regarding the phenomenon under investigation. Moral-based non-test assessment in PAI learning aims to evaluate students' moral values in everyday life. In contrast to test assessments that measure cognitive abilities. The implementation of morals-based non-test assessment faces obstacles such as difficulties in measuring morals objectively and limited time for observation.Morals-based non-test assessment in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta has an important role in shaping student character, in addition to mastery of academic material.

This research was motivated by the discovery of several problems faced by students, namely poor interest in learning, such as the level of activeness of students during the learning process and low interest of students in SKI learning. Students felt that in this learning there was no passion or interest, as indicated by students being less active in the learning process and student involvement in the SKI learning process also decreased. With these conditions, students quickly get bored and are not interested in participating in learning. As a result, difficulties arise that affect the learning objectives to be achieved. This study aims to determine the relationship between learning strategies and learning media with interest in learning Islamic Cultural History class VIII at MTsN 1 Bukittinggi. The type of research used in this research is quantitative, correlational. The population is all class VIII students with a total of 347 students spread across 11 classes. The sample in this research used the Probability Sampling technique using Simple Random Sampling, and the total research sample was 78 students. Data was collected through questionnaires, observation and documentation analyzed using normality tests, linearity tests, multiple correlation analysis and hypothesis testing. Based on the results of the research that has been done, the results show that there is a relationship between learning strategies on student interest in learning in the subject of Islamic Culture History class VIII at MTsN 1 Bukittinggi City and the relationship between learning media on student interest in learning in the subject of Islamic Culture History class VIII at MTsN 1 Bukittinggi City, as evidenced by the results of the Pearson Product Moment correlation test on the relationship between learning strategies and interest in learning with a Pearson correlation value of 0.382 and a significant value of 0.001 <0.05. While the Pearson correlation test results on the relationship between learning media and interest in learning are 0.236 with a significant value of 0.038 <0.05. Furthermore, the results of the Pearson correlation test on the relationship between learning strategies and media with learning interest are <0.05, which is certainly valid and related. Based on this value, it can be seen that the relationship between learning strategies to interest in learning is interconnected and the relationship between learning media to interest in learning is interconnected, so Ha is accepted.

The purpose of implementing Community Service (PkM) is to overcome the problems faced by community service partners, namely difficulties in learning accounting for class XII SOS students at SMAK St. Darius Larantuka. This activity is also a follow-up to the previous study entitled "Analysis of Difficulties in Learning Accounting for the Sub-Material of Service Company Worksheets for Class XII SOS Students at SMAK St. Darius Larantuka in the 2024/2025 Academic Year". The form of community service carried out is training and assistance in compiling worksheets for service companies. The participants involved were 20 students from class XII SOS 2. This activity was carried out in three stages, namely: 1) delivery of material regarding worksheets for service companies, 2) practice of compiling worksheets, and 3) evaluation of work results. The material was delivered collaboratively by the economics subject teacher, Mr. Abel Andisolo Sogen, S.Pd, and the community service lecturer, Mrs. Maria Fatima B. Beribe, M.Pd. In the practice stage, participants were asked to compile worksheets based on the case studies that had been submitted. During this process, participants were assisted by the service team until they achieved the expected results. To measure the participants' abilities and skills in compiling working papers, they were then asked to complete different case study questions independently. The results of the participants' work were analyzed using qualitative analysis methods, which showed an increase in understanding and skills during independent practice compared to during mentoring. This is reflected in the scores obtained by the participants, which ranged from 85 to 95, and reached the target of 90% of what the service team wanted. However, there were several participants who had difficulty in compiling working papers due to lack of accuracy in the calculations, so that the calculation results in the Balance Sheet column were not balanced.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the deficiencies in the learning of accounting software at STIE Ganesha. This study will concentrate on factors that potentially hinder the integration of accounting software into the college curriculum. This research started in October 2024. Accounting students at STIE Ganesha are the research subjects. Qualitative research was conducted and data was collected through in-depth interviews. The results showed that learning accounting software has several problems. One of them is the lack of supporting resources and lack of technological infrastructure. In addition, students face difficulties in understanding and accessing accounting software required to meet the needs of the working world. To produce more efficient accounting software learning, this research emphasizes increasing resource capacity and improving supporting infrastructure. This research is expected to help STIE Ganesha develop methods to improve software-based accounting learning.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the deficiencies in the learning of accounting software at STIE Ganesha. This study will concentrate on factors that potentially hinder the integration of accounting software into the college curriculum. This research started in October 2024. Accounting students at STIE Ganesha are the research subjects. Qualitative research was conducted and data was collected through in-depth interviews. The results showed that learning accounting software has several problems. One of them is the lack of supporting resources and lack of technological infrastructure. In addition, students face difficulties in understanding and accessing accounting software required to meet the needs of the working world. To produce more efficient accounting software learning, this research emphasizes increasing resource capacity and improving supporting infrastructure. This research is expected to help STIE Ganesha develop methods to improve software-based accounting learning

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the deficiencies in the learning of accounting software at STIE Ganesha. This study will concentrate on factors that potentially hinder the integration of accounting software into the college curriculum. This research started in October 2024. Accounting students at STIE Ganesha are the research subjects. Qualitative research was conducted and data was collected through in-depth interviews. The results showed that learning accounting software has several problems. One of them is the lack of supporting resources and lack of technological infrastructure. In addition, students face difficulties in understanding and accessing accounting software required to meet the needs of the working world. To produce more efficient accounting software learning, this research emphasizes increasing resource capacity and improving supporting infrastructure. This research is expected to help STIE Ganesha develop methods to improve software-based accounting learning.