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The PG45 DC motor is a drive system used on sediment detection boat. To achieve the desired stability and speed, it is necessary to apply a control system to the sediment detection boat drive system. Control systems need to be tuned to ensure that they function properly and are responsive to changes. In order to complement the previous research, further research was carried out focusing on determining the PID control parameters on the angular speed of the PG45 DC Motor using Simulink. The PG45 DC motor works based on the Arduino programming algorithm that has been designed so that it can rotate at a predetermined speed. This research modeled the sediment detection ship system on Simulink with a similarity rate of 94.09%. The results of this study indicate that the tuning method used, namely trial and error, produces good control on the sediment detection ship system model that has been assembled in Simulink with the value of Kp = 100; Ki = 5; Kd = 15 obtained the value of rise time = 0.2474 seconds and settling time = 0.4104 seconds and overshoot = 0.2175%%.

Humanitarian intervention is often seen as an effort to protect civilians from human rights violations, but it often clashes with the principle of state sovereignty in international law. This research evaluates the alignment of humanitarian intervention with the values of Pancasila as an ethical and moral footing in international policy. The research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach; data is obtained from a literature study that includes academic documents, journals, reference books, and diplomatic reports, then analyzed descriptively-analytically to reveal the views of Pancasila in the practice of international law. The results show that although intervention has noble aims, its implementation often collides with the principle of non-intervention and the principle of state sovereignty. The values of Pancasila, especially fair and civilized humanity and social justice, can be used as a moral foundation to assess the legitimacy of intervention, but its application in international norms is still constrained by political interests and power imbalances between states. The conclusion of this study is that Pancasila offers a potential ethical framework for more just humanitarian interventions, but diplomacy and policy advocacy efforts are needed to strengthen the position of developing countries in formulating international norms that respect sovereignty while protecting human rights.

Shopee, a Singapore-based e-commerce company, has shown an aggressive and well-planned expansion strategy across Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia. Its growth has not only transformed the way people engage in digital transactions but has also introduced new challenges regarding economic security and national digital sovereignty. Shopee’s dominance in the local market reflects regulatory gaps in protecting domestic businesses, as well as the limited government oversight of foreign digital platforms. This paper explores Shopee’s expansion strategy, targeted market segments, and the Indonesian government’s policy responses. Using the international political economy approach and the lens of non-traditional security, this research aims to examine how the presence of foreign platforms like Shopee can influence domestic regulations and generate strategic challenges for national sectors.  

Instagram social media has become an effective platform for spreading positive messages, including messages of peace, to a wider audience. This study aims to analyze the communication methods used in spreading messages of peace through content on Instagram. With a qualitative approach, this study examines various communication strategies, such as the use of attractive visuals, inspiring narratives, and two-way interactions between content creators and audiences. The results of the study show that content that combines elements of visual aesthetics, relevant messages, and emotional engagement of the audience can create a significant impact in spreading the values ​​of peace. In addition, collaboration with influencers and the use of Instagram features such as Stories, Reels, and Live have also proven effective in expanding the reach of messages. This study provides recommendations for communicators, activists, and organizations to optimally utilize Instagram as a medium for spreading messages of peace, while still paying attention to ethics and social responsibility in communicating.

Employing a qualitative methodology that integrated video content analysis and interviews with both the curator and viewers of the YouTube channel @hippiearab, this research aims to elucidate the distinctive narrative approach utilized in the propagation of religious tenets. The central discovery of this inquiry highlights that a direct, relatable to daily life, and captivating storytelling mode simplifies the comprehension of religious doctrines for the audience. Furthermore, the application of everyday language within the content has demonstrated its efficacy in forging a robust emotional bond between the content creator and the video recipients. This study underscores the pivotal role of online media, notably YouTube, as an influential tool for instilling spiritual values in younger generations within the context of their ordinary existence.

Interpersonal communication is a type of communication that is often encountered and used in daily activities. Likewise, this type of communication is used in the design creation process, especially in interactions between graphic designers and clients. In practice, graphic designers often face challenges in understanding client needs, processing ideas, and making creative decisions. Challenges that often arise in the design process include mismatching client expectations, inconsistent requests, misunderstandings in translating client needs into designs, as well as various other external challenges that can influence design results. Phenomenon in the field shows that designers often experience internal conflict when balancing creativity with client requests. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of intrapersonal communication in the design process is crucial in order to produce work that meets the client's expectations without sacrificing creativity and aesthetic value in a graphic design.

This study aims to analyze the strategy of improving the quality of public services through digital innovation in Sunter Agung Urban Village. In the era of globalization and rapid development of information technology, public services are expected to be more responsive, transparent, and efficient. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection through documentation studies and in-depth interviews with urban village officials and service users. The results showed that the use of digital innovations such as web-based service applications, online queuing systems, and document digitization has had a positive impact on improving service quality, including accelerating administrative processes and increasing community satisfaction. However, various obstacles are still found, including limited network infrastructure, suboptimal human resource capacity in mastering technology, and low digital literacy among the community, especially the elderly. For this reason, the proposed quality improvement strategy includes strengthening institutional capacity through digital training for apparatus, developing technological infrastructure, and digital literacy campaigns involving the wider community. This research is expected to serve as a reference for local governments in developing inclusive and sustainable digital-based public services.

The Bogor City Scout Movement Branch Office is still experiencing problems in administrative management, including cumbersome manual filing processes, unresponsive disposition of incoming letters, excessive paper consumption, and vulnerable financial document security systems. This research aims to propose the implementation of the E-Office system as an innovative solution for administrative transformation towards a more efficient and digitally integrated system. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach by collecting data from interviews with three key informants who have an active role in operations and administration at the Bogor City Scout Movement Branch. The results show that the use of E-Office has excellent potential to improve operational efficiency, increase document security, and speed up administrative processes. However, the implementation of E-Office requires special training and changes for employees who still use the manual system. 

The role of corporations dominates everyday life, let alone increased privatization. It is no longer the country that provides the needs, but the corporation. Corporations can increase state and labor wealth, but the revolution of economic and political structures has grown large corporate corporations too dependent on corporations so that countries can be dictated to their interests. Based on the above background, then the problem arises how the current criminal law policy formulation in the face of corporate crime, then how the application of criminal law enforcement for this against corporations that conduct criminal acts and how the policy of criminal law formulation in the face of corporate criminal acts in the future which will come. The research method used in this thesis is normative juridical by using secondary data. Data collection is done by collect and analyzing library materials and related documents. Furthermore, the data are analyzed normatively qualitatively by way of interpreting and constructing statements contained in documents and legislation. The conclusion of this study is that the regulation of corporate criminal sanctions contained in the four laws is inconsistent. The inconsistency in the determination or imposition of the maximum penalty punished on corporations are also the absence of uniformity in determine when a corporation can be said to commit a criminal offense, uniformity in the arrangement of who May be accountable or prosecuted and convicted, US well as the formulation of a criminal type that May be punished on corporation that commits a crime.

The dispute case between Gakoptas and PT Torus Ganda caused problems. PT Torganda illegally controlled Gakoptas land which caused a conflict, as a result a farmer was injured. This study aims to determine the causal factors and resolution strategies in the dispute case between Gakoptas and PT Torganda. This study uses a normative juridical method with the sources of materials used in the form of secondary, primary and tertiary sources. The results of this study state that the causal factors of the conflict are due to the land administration system, inequality in the distribution of land ownership, legality of land ownership and economic motives. The resolution strategy can be carried out by executing the Supreme Court's decision, land redistribution through agrarian reform, land controlled by PT Torganda is returned to Gakoptas, economic recovery and sanctions.

This article discusses the comparative law between Indonesia and Malaysia regarding bankruptcy of inheritance left by a deceased testator. In Indonesia, Bankruptcy of Inheritance and Responsibility of Heirs Based on the "Burgerlijk Wetboek", with 2 (two) main issues, namely bankruptcy petitions based on debts from the testator and the responsibility of heirs who have received inheritances from deceased debtors. The main focus of this discussion is how each country regulates the possibility of inheritance being declared bankrupt, as well as the position of the heirs in the bankruptcy process. The method used in this study is normative juridical with a comparative law approach. The results of the analysis show that although Indonesia and Malaysia have similar legal system roots (civil law influenced by the Netherlands and England), there are differences in principle in the treatment of bankruptcy of inheritance. Indonesia allows bankrupt inheritance assets to be subject to bankruptcy under certain conditions, while Malaysia emphasizes the inheritance administration process without a formal bankruptcy approach. This study is important to provide an understanding for legal practitioners in dealing with inheritance dispute cases burdened with debt.

The problem of drug abuse is a serious challenge in various countries, including Indonesia and Malaysia. Both countries have strict legal systems in dealing with drug crimes, with an approach that emphasizes the imposition of severe criminal sanctions on perpetrators. This study aims to compare drug law policies between Indonesia and Malaysia, especially in terms of regulation, law enforcement, and the types of criminal sanctions applied. The research method used is normative juridical with a comparative legal approach between countries. The results of the study show that although in general both countries adopt a repressive approach, there are important differences in their legal systems. Malaysia applies a mandatory death penalty for drug dealers in certain amounts, as regulated in the Dangerous Drugs Act 1952. Meanwhile, Indonesia gives judges the authority to determine the type of sanctions, including the death penalty, based on legal considerations and justice in Law No. 35 of 2009. This study is expected to be an evaluation material for policy makers in Indonesia in formulating a drug law system that is not only repressive, but also pays attention to aspects of justice, human rights, and legal effectiveness.  

This study is a research in the field of Public Administration that aims to describe the conception of community empowerment in improving economic income through the development of local coffee products in Winduaji Village. The approach used is descriptive qualitative with a case study design. Research informants were selected using purposive sampling technique, with data sources including primary and secondary data. The focus of this research encompasses empowerment aspects that are oriented toward community needs, based on local potential, encouraging independence, environmentally oriented, and structurally based. The data analysis technique uses an interactive model. The research results show that the concept of community empowerment through local coffee development in Winduaji Village, Paguyangan District, Brebes Regency has been running quite well. This program has successfully increased community capacity in coffee processing and opened business opportunities through strengthening the identity of local coffee products with the branding "Kopi Kebon Winduaji". Nevertheless, there are still challenges such as limited technical knowledge in cultivation, lack of business capital, and suboptimal market access. Overall, this empowerment program has a positive impact on improving the community's economy, although it still requires continuous assistance to achieve more optimal results.

This research is a study in the field of Public Administration aimed at describing community empowerment management through the Holistic Village Development and Empowerment Program (PHP2D) in the development of Kebon Winduaji Coffee in Winduaji Village, Paguyangan District, Brebes Regency in 2020. The research method employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design. The research targets were stakeholders involved in community empowerment activities through the PHP2D program. The selection of informants in this study used purposive sampling technique. Data sources for the research utilized both primary and secondary data. This research focused on aspects including available strengths and opportunities, while simultaneously minimizing weaknesses and threats faced in the development of Kebon Winduaji Coffee. Data analysis used an interactive model with descriptive design. The research findings indicate that successful community empowerment through local products requires a balance between two important elements: preserving local culture and traditions, and adapting to contemporary market demands. The long-term success of community empowerment programs depends not only on the availability of funding and support from various parties. More importantly, it is the ability to build a robust system that can withstand various external changes, while maintaining the distinctive characteristics and authenticity of local products as a sustainable competitive advantage.

Terrorism is an extraordinary crime that requires extraordinary measures. The Elucidation of Law Number 5/2018 describes that the crime of terrorism is a serious, deliberate, systematic, and planned crime that instills widespread fear. However, the law does not explicitly regulate exceptions to the statute of limitations rendering it subject to the general provisions in the Criminal Code. Under Law 5/2018, terrorism is punishable by death. Consequently if evades after 18 years, the obligation to prosecute is extinguished. In contrast, Law Number 26/2000 concerning Human Rights Courts excludes gross human rights violations like crimes against humanity from statute of limitations provision. Terrorism can be categorized as a crime against humanity. This is because terrorism is a widespread and systematic attack that directly aimed at the civilian population, as formulated in Law 26/2000. However, with both crimes against humanity and terrorism codified in the 2023 Criminal Code along with closing provisions revoking parts of Law 26/2000 and Law 5/2018, raises the question whether these crimes will now be subject to the statute of limitations provision in the 2023 Code. This is certainly not in accordance with both comparative practice in various countries and international law.

Proof in criminal procedural law in Indonesia is a process that starts from the investigation stage, where evidence is gathered by investigators, to the trial stage, where the judge delivers a verdict. The main goal of this process is to seek and uphold material truth, which is the truth that corresponds to the actual facts. This evidence includes various forms such as witness testimony, expert testimony, documents, indications, and the defendant's statements. In the Indonesian proof system, which is based on the Continental European system, at least two valid pieces of evidence and the judge's conviction are required to declare someone guilty. This means that the evidence must be convincing to the judge regarding the truth of the charges brought against the defendant. This article examines the theory of proof, circumstantial evidence, and challenges in the practice of proof, including the testimony of possession that emerged in the Vina Cirebon case. This research employs a normative juridical method with a legislative approach. The analysis shows that proof in criminal procedural law heavily relies on valid evidence and the judge's conviction, and identifies that the Indonesian judicial system needs to pay attention to the development and adaptation to special situations such as possession testimony.

Land Ownership in Indonesia, is regulated in Article 5 of the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) No. 5 of 1960. UUPA regulates various types of land rights in Indonesia, such as ownership rights, lease rights, use rights, and business use rights. This regulation aims to distribute natural resources, ensure legal certainty over land, and protect the rights of communities affected by land use policies. Meanwhile, Malaysia has a land ownership legal system influenced by British law due to its colonial period. In this context, land law in Malaysia is regulated by various laws, including the National Land Code (NLC) 1965, which regulates land rights, land registration, and land-related rights. In Malaysia, land is divided into several categories of rights, such as freehold and leasehold. The land registration system in Malaysia is more centralized, and land regulations are also implemented through state institutions. Unlike Indonesia, which prioritizes customary rights in land management, Malaysia tends to prioritize national land regulation and administration through a more modern and structured system.

The beach cloth works created apply Nias ornaments as a renewal idea to make them attractive and different from previous beach cloths. The aim is to find out the preservation activities of Nias ornaments in the cycle of batik-based beach cloths. Nias ornaments have certain symbolic meanings that are believed and trusted by the local community. Ornaments that are part of fine art by paying attention to the principles in applying Nias ornaments to the beach cloths created. The creation process is carried out by: 1. Data collection, 2. Determining ornaments as samples, 3. Designing digital-based motifs, 4. Transferring designs to primis mori cloth, 4. The canting process using liquid wax, 5. Coloring beach cloth, 6. Locking the color of the cloth using waterglass, 7. Removing wax by boiling and processing the cloth, 8. Drying the cloth until dry. The creation produced 12 different beach cloth works with innovations to preserve Nias ornaments, while at the same time socializing beach cloth as a typical souvenir of the Nias tribe through art exhibitions.

Digital transformation is one of the essential needs in the development of sharia cooperatives in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. Rapidly developing information technology requires microfinance institutions such as cooperatives to adapt, in order to remain competitive, efficient, and relevant in meeting the needs of their members. Two main technologies that play an important role in this transformation are big data and cloud computing. This article aims to examine in depth how the use of big data and cloud computing can support the digital transformation process in sharia cooperatives. Using a literature review approach from various scientific sources, this article analyzes the basic concepts, potential benefits, case studies, and challenges of implementing both technologies in the context of sharia-based cooperatives. The results of the study show that big data can improve data-based decision making, risk management efficiency, and personalization of services to members. Meanwhile, cloud computing provides flexibility, cost efficiency, and accessibility of cooperative information systems widely, even in areas with minimal IT infrastructure. However, the success of implementing this technology is greatly influenced by the readiness of human resources, digital infrastructure, and compliance with sharia principles. This article also provides practical recommendations and a further research agenda as a contribution to the development of technology-based sharia cooperatives.    

Today's cafe interiors are not only required to be comfortable, but must also have a strong visual appeal. Aesthetics and function are two important aspects that complement each other in creating a space that supports social interaction and reflects the character of the cafe itself. This study examines how design elements such as color, lighting, materials, and spatial arrangement can shape the visitor experience without ignoring the main function of the room. Using a descriptive qualitative method, this study explores examples of cafe interior designs in Indonesia that have successfully combined aesthetic values and functional needs. From the results of the analysis, it can be seen that the success of a cafe in attracting customers is greatly influenced by the balance between an attractive visual appearance and the comfort of using the space. These findings are expected to be a reference for designers and cafe owners in creating a functional space that also has strong visual characteristics.