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Water hyacinth is an aquatic weed that is often found in tropical and subtropical areas. The existence of this plant often has a negative impact on the environment. Various efforts have been made to overcome the water hyacinth problem, including the use of pesticides. However, inappropriate use of pesticides actually causes plant resistance to pesticides, so that these efforts become less effective in controlling their growth. To overcome this problem, training was held for village communities to use water hyacinth as a basic material for handicrafts. This training aims to change people's views which previously considered water hyacinth as a nuisance plant into an economic opportunity. By processing water hyacinth into a marketable product, it is hoped that the community can increase their income while overcoming environmental problems

Youth are an important resource for church development, but youth face challenges in maintaining a balance between spiritual and material life, where behavioral changes are influenced by the environment, technology, and lack of involvement in church services. The purpose of this article study is to analyze how youth behavior changes: analysis of Kurt Lewin's theory in the context of youth activity in the church.  The method used is a literature study by using scientific literature as a data collection tool. Each data that has been collected will be analyzed reductively through information filtering, organizing, and summarizing the discussion.The research results show that,ChangeThe behavior experienced by Christian Youth affects their activeness in church service. The behavioral theory offered by Kurt Lewin is a solution to analyze behavioral changes in Christian youth. The three stages of behavioral theory in answering this problem areUnfreezingnamely the factors causing changes in the behavior of Christian Youth, including the environment, social media, family and church; Change (Movement) namely the strategy used to overcome changes in the behavior of Christian Youth, includingThe church can involve young people in various aspects of service, the church can provide a special forum for young people to develop their leadership, empowerment can be done through the involvement of young people in social services that are directly related to the community, the church can utilize social media and technology as a means to involve young people in service; Refreezing is an effort to implement strategies for Christian Youth, including instilling a good understanding of ethics and continuing to be in a positive community.

Labeling theory provides a critical perspective on the criminal justice system that tends to reinforce criminal identities through formal labeling. Unfortunately, criminal policies that are ideally designed to manage crime and maintain social stability often result in negative impacts such as stigmatization. This study explores the integration of labeling theory and decriminalization as a more inclusive and social justice-based criminal policy approach. The research method used is a qualitative research method with a conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that decriminalization prevents formal labeling that is the root of the cycle of social stigma. In addition, decriminalization provides opportunities for individuals to remain integrated into society, increases their access to health services and rehabilitation programs, and creates more inclusive social conditions. However, the success of decriminalization depends heavily on the government's ability to overcome various inherent challenges, including cultural resistance, concerns about policy abuse, and limited supporting infrastructure.

Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics in Indonesia provides a strong legal basis for regulating the use of narcotics in the medical field. This regulation aims to ensure that the use of narcotics is carried out safely, in a controlled manner and in accordance with the interests of health services. This research aims to analyze legal aspects related to the use of illegal drugs in the medical field, identify challenges in implementing regulations, and provide policy recommendations to overcome existing obstacles. The research method used is normative juridical, with a legal approach and literature studies from various legal and health journals. The research results show that although regulations have been prepared comprehensively, their implementation in the field faces obstacles, such as complicated bureaucracy, lack of education for medical personnel, and social stigma against narcotics use. This hampers patient access to treatment, especially for palliative therapy needs and chronic pain management. The conclusions of this research emphasize the need for strategic steps to increase understanding of medical personnel, simplify administrative procedures, and educate the public to reduce stigma. Thus, existing regulations can be implemented optimally to support public health goals without ignoring aspects of supervision. It is hoped that this recommendation can strengthen the legal system and health services in Indonesia, so that patients' rights to health can be fulfilled more effectively.

This study aims to see how the condition and completeness of the facilities and infrastructure of the light vehicle engineering workshop at SMK Negeri 1 Nisam. The research method was carried out by conducting interviews with the relevant teachers in the workshop, and observation of data on school documents related to light vehicle engineering workshop facilities. The results showed that the results achieved were 55%, so it can be interpreted that the achievement criteria are included in the feasible category. So the conclusion that can be obtained is that it proves that there is still a level of awareness of practicum equipment users to carry out maintenance on the tools used for practicum activities.

SMEs (micro, small and medium enterprises) are very important for the Indonesian economy. However, many MSMEs do not understand the importance of having an NIB (Business Identification Number) as proof of the legality of their business. A similar thing also happened in Buduran Village, Sidoarjo. This community service program aims to provide MSME players with an understanding of how to register and obtain NIB. The activity begins with observing the situation, recording the perpetrators, as well as providing socialization and assistance. After participating in this activity, it is hoped that business actors will better understand and be able to manage their NIB. It is hoped that this program can continue to help more MSMEs in Sidoarjo Regency.

The Constitutional Court (MK) regarding the Election Law on the presidential and vice presidential nomination threshold. Since the presidential election was held directly, the issue of the threshold for nominating presidential and vice presidential candidates has always surfaced every time a presidential election is held. In 2004, for example, the presidential nomination threshold was 10 percent. This research is a juridical-normative research, namely a process to find legal rules, legal principles, and legal doctrines in order to answer the legal issues faced. The data was analyzed descriptively-qualitatively.The results of this study indicate that the Constitutional Court Decision Number 74/PUU-XVII/2020 concerning the presidential nomination threshold (Presidential Threshold) is one of the important decisions in the discourse of democracy in Indonesia. The following is an explanation of the Ratio Decidendi of the decision in relation to the concept of democracy: Constitutionality of the Presidential Threshold The Constitutional Court (MK) in its decision emphasized that the presidential threshold or presidential nomination threshold is constitutional. This means that the provisions regarding the threshold do not conflict with the 1945 Constitution. The Constitutional Court is of the opinion that the presidential threshold is an open legal policy (Open Legal Policy) which is the authority of the lawmakers, namely the House of Representatives (DPR) and the President. The purpose of the Presidential Threshold, the Constitutional Court explained that the purpose of the presidential threshold is to simplify the party system and the presidential system, as well as to create government stability. The Ratio Decidendi of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 74/Puu-XXII/2024, Number 87/Puu-XXII/2024, Number 129/Puu-XXI/2023, Number 131/Puu-XXI 2023 concerning the Presidential Nomination Threshold is the Presidential Threshold is constitutional and does not conflict with the principles of democracy.

The phenomenon of sleep difficulties is currently a major problem in adolescents. Several epidemiological studies have investigated the relationship between theoccurrence of sleep disturbances and anxiety disorders in the general population. This research was conducted with the aim of finding a significant positive relationship between sleep difficulties and anxiety disorders. The research method uses quantitative research with data analysis techniques using Pearson's Correlation and linearity assumption tests. The population in this study were teenagers in the Bukittinggi area with a total sample of 106 teenagers. The results of the linearity test showed a significant value of p > 0.05 and the resulting Pearson's r value was 0.532. The results of the analyses show that there is a significant positive relationship between anxiety disorders and difficulty sleeping, so that the hypothesis in this study can be stated as accepted.

Urinary incontinence occurs when a person's urine leaks unknowingly or unintentionally. Urinary incontinence varies in the form of urine excretion which is sometimes only a few drops or vice versa it is really a lot. One way to prevent urinary incontinence is to treat it, and doing Kegel exercises is one way to deal with it. (Sangga, M.W, R.C Choeron & Y Rosdiana, 2021). This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge of the elderly about urinary incontinence and how to overcome the problem of urinary incontinence. This community service activity uses the lecture method, and questions and answers and kegel gymnastics exercises. The lecture method was carried out by delivering material about urinary incontinence, the question and answer method was carried out by asking participants about the material that had been presented and doing kegel exercises in the elderly. The results of this community service activity were obtained that participants were able to understand and apply the material that had been delivered and perform kegel exercises independently. Based on the community service activities that have been carried out, the elderly are enthusiastic about accepting the entire series of activities ranging from the percentage of material delivery to the implementation of service running with Lanca, the elderly are very active in asking and answering questions and actively participating in kegel gymnastics training.

This article contains an analysis of the language style and figures of speech in the lyrics of the song "Sampai Jadi Debu" by Banda Neira. The discussion in this article focuses on the diction aspect of connotation and the use of figures of speech contained in the song's lyrics. The research method used to analyze the song lyrics is a qualitative descriptive method. The analysis carried out shows that the diction contained in the song lyrics is connotative. The connotative diction used in the song's lyrics is a manifestation of the creative thoughts of the songwriter when creating the lyrics for his songs. Apart from that, the song's lyrics use many figures of speech including metaphors, allegory figures of speech, and hyperbole figures of speech.

This study examines the enforcement of law and ethics in the profession of judges and court employees in Indonesia. Ethics and integrity are crucial elements in maintaining credibility and fairness in the justice system. Although there are strict regulations and codes of ethics, ethical violations and corruption cases still often occur, indicating the need for stricter supervision and sanctions. This study also highlights the importance of continuous ethics education and improving the welfare of judges and court employees as an effort to reduce unethical behavior. In addition, the application of information technology to improve transparency and accountability in the judicial process is also considered an effective solution. In conclusion, consistent enforcement of law and ethics and a strong commitment from all parties involved are essential to creating a fair and transparent justice system in Indonesia.

Nowadays, women do a lot of housework, reflecting a major shift in gender roles. In the past, women were more focused on family duties in patriarchal societies. However, today women also contribute to the professional world, often becoming the backbone of the family. The purpose of writing this article is to find out about the role of women who work hard in the family to meet family needs. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study to explore feminist theories and related literature that discuss the role of women in the family. The results of the study show that the role of women in the family has now developed into more than just a housewife; they also function as double workers who contribute to the family economy, both in the formal and informal sectors. Although involved in financial decision-making and earning a living, women often face challenges in balancing careers and household responsibilities, which can cause stress and fatigue. Therefore, it is important to have fairness in the division of tasks so that women can focus on their careers without being burdened by domestic responsibilities, while also being a role model for future generations in teaching the values ​​of gender equality and the importance of collaboration in the family.

This research aims to explore the planning strategies implemented by teachers in improving students' vocabulary skills in teaching English. Vocabulary is an important component in language learning which influences students' communication skills and text comprehension. This research analyzes the various approaches used by teachers to develop students' vocabulary, as well as the challenges faced in planning and implementing these strategies in the classroom. Data was obtained through interviews with teachers, classroom observations, and analysis of learning implementation plan (RPP) documents. The research results show that strategies such as the use of visual media, contextual teaching, and regular repetition of vocabulary have proven effective in improving students' vocabulary skills. In addition, the teacher's role in creating an environment that supports vocabulary learning is very important in helping students master new words. This research provides insight for English teachers in planning more effective and innovative teaching to improve students' vocabulary skills.

Organic fertilizers contain organic materials such as compost, manure, or other organic waste materials. When organic fertilizers are applied to the soil, they provide an abundant source of nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as essential micronutrients. The community service activity program aims to empower farmers with the knowledge and skills to make organic fertilizers from local materials, which not only lower production costs but also improve soil quality and crop yields. The community service activity with the theme "Assistance and Making Organic Fertilizers in Reducing Fertilizer Costs for Farmers in Rowo Gempol Village, Lekok District, Pasuruan Regency" Through the Participatory Action Research method which includes preparation, processing, application, and evaluation, this program has succeeded in improving soil quality and supporting plant growth in the campus green area. Organic fertilizers, produced from campus organic waste such as dry leaves and food scraps, increase soil nutrient content and plant health, and reduce the negative impacts of synthetic chemicals. This activity also involves students in the process of processing and applying fertilizers, providing practical experience and raising awareness of the importance of sustainable agriculture and environmental management. The evaluation results showed a significant positive impact on soil quality and plant growth, with more fertile soil and healthier plants. In addition to the ecological benefits, the program plays an important educational role, by increasing students' understanding of environmentally friendly practices and organic farming skills. The success of this model is expected to be replicated in other villages. so that the benefits of this program can be felt more widely and support the creation of more sustainable agriculture.

This article examines the concept of Al-Muwazanah in the science of balaghah and examples of the application of parallelism in classical Arabic language. Al-Muwazanah is a part of muhassinat al-lafdziyah  that focuses on balance and symmetry in sentence structure or the repetition of patterns in two or more parts of a text. Al-Muwazanah is divided into two main types: parallelism in form (structural) and parallelism in meaning (thematic). This research employs a qualitative approach using the method of library study. Based on the analysis, numerous examples of Al-Muwazanah can be found in classical texts, demonstrating the beauty and balance in message delivery.

This article discusses efforts to optimize the production process at the motorcycle carburetor company "Mantri Karbu" through the application of transformation methods. In the automotive industry, production efficiency is key to enhancing competitiveness and meeting the ever-growing market demand. This study identifies various challenges faced by Mantri Karbu, including long production times, resource waste, and inconsistent product quality. By implementing transformation methods, which include workflow analysis, waste reduction, and employee skill enhancement, the company can improve productivity and operational efficiency. The results of this implementation show a significant increase in production cycle time, a reduction in operational costs, and an improvement in customer satisfaction. This article aims to provide insights for other companies in similar industries to adopt effective strategies for optimizing their production processes.

This research aims to test how much influence Organizational Culture and Transformational Leadership Style have on the Performance of Employees of the Highways and Construction and Spatial Planning Department of West Sumatra Province with Work Motivation as an Intervening Variable. The sample in this study amounted to 53 respondents. The population in this study were 53 employees who worked in the West Sumatra Provincial Development and Development Agency for Works and Spatial Planning in 2021/2023. The results of this research are (1) There is a positive and significant influence between organizational culture on work motivation at the Department of Highways, Cipta Karya and Spatial Planning of West Sumatra Province (2) There is a positive and insignificant influence between Transformational Leadership Style on Work Motivation at the Department of Highways Cipta Karya and Spatial Planning of West Sumatra Province (3) There is a positive and insignificant influence between Organizational Culture on Employee Performance at the Department of Highways Cipta Karya and Spatial Planning of West Sumatra Province. (4) There is a positive and insignificant influence between Transformational Leadership Style on Employee Performance at the Cipta Karya Highways Service and West Sumatra Province Spatial Planning. (5) There is a positive and significant influence between Work Motivation on Employee Performance at the Cipta Karya Highways Service and West Sumatra Province Spatial Planning Service. (6) There is a positive and significant influence between Employee Performance on Employee Performance through Work Motivation at the Department of Highways, Cipta Karya and Spatial Planning of West Sumatra Province. (7) There is a positive and insignificant influence between Leadership Style Transformational on Employee Performance through Work Motivation at the Department of Highways, Cipta Karya and Spatial Planning of West Sumatra Province.

This research aims to test how much influence workload and work environment have on employee performance with work stress as an intervening variable at the Department of Highways, Cipta Karya and Spatial Planning, West Sumatra Province. The sample in this study consisted of 53 respondents. The population in this study were employees of the Secretariat of the Department of Highways, Cipta Karya and Spatial Planning, West Sumatra Province. (1) There is a positive and significant influence between Work Load and Work Stress at the Department of Highways, Cipta Karya and Spatial Planning. (2) There is a positive and significant influence between the Work Environment on Job Stress at the Bina Marga Cipta Karya and Spatial Planning Service. (3) There is a positive and significant influence between Workload on Employee Performance at the Highways, Cipta Karya and Spatial Planning Services. (4) There is no positive and significant influence between the Work Environment and Employee Performance at the Bina Marga Cipta Karya and Spatial Planning Service. (5) There is a positive and significant influence between Job Stress on Employee Performance at the Highways, Cipta Karya and Spatial Planning Services. (6) Work Stress is accepted/mediated by Work Load on Employee Performance. (7) Work Stress is accepted/mediated by Work Environment on Employee Performance.

Fraud in the government sector is a serious issue that can threaten the stability and efficiency of governance. This study aims to analyze the role of internal government auditors in mitigating fraud risk. The method used is a literature review with a qualitative descriptive approach, examining 10 relevant journals. The results indicate that internal auditors play a crucial role in detecting and preventing fraud by thoroughly examining internal control weaknesses and utilizing modern technology such as Whistleblowing Systems. The effectiveness of internal audits is supported by strong leadership and high awareness of fraud risks, as well as appropriate structural reform policies. The study concludes that effective internal auditing is essential in enhancing transparency and accountability and recommends the need for comparative analysis across regions to evaluate the diversity of internal audit practices. Additionally, further research is needed to explore the impact of information technology and Whistleblowing Systems in fraud prevention, as well as the role of leadership and organizational culture in supporting the internal audit function.

The present study targets carrying out an analysis of economic and environmental returns as an effect of the adoption of a circular economy in Italy. Some of the key concepts it focuses on are promotion of private circular investment, export of recyclable material, use of circular material, eco-innovation, material footprint, and contribution of renewable energy to the total energy. The present study is supported by the systematic analysis of international data related to the role of circular economy in increasing economic efficiency and reducing environmental costs. The results highlight that private circular investment is highly relevant for the creation of new opportunities for economic development and supporting new, innovative sectors, such as recycling technologies. The results also underlined that eco-innovation plays a crucial role in improving resource efficiency, material footprint reduction, and renewable energy. The study confirms that the circular economy can be a strategic opportunity for Italy to further contribute to renewable energy and to reduce its imported natural resources dependence in a way that is both sustainable and economically competitive. The present study provides valuable insights for decision-makers and policymakers to promote circular economy strategies at national and international levels.