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Stainless steel is an alloy steel with corrosion (rust) resistance properties. However, the good corrosion and wear resistance properties of stainless steel also require continuous improvement in its performance and service life, especially in highly aggressive environments. One approach to changing the material structure is by using a mixture based on natural carbon, such as robusta coffee grounds. Robusta coffee grounds will be converted into carbon using a pyrolysis process at a temperature of 1000°C with a holding time of 1 hour. This carbon will be used as a coating material on 316L stainless steel with a variety of pack carburizing and quenching processes and temperatures with a holding time of 1 hour, then it will undergo a testing process that includes: thermal conductivity testing, and corrosion rate testing. In the quenching process, the thermal conductivity value of 900°C has a thermal conductivity value of 20.556 W/m°C, 800°C has a thermal conductivity value of 19.669 W/m°C and a temperature of 700°C with a thermal conductivity value of 18.930 W/m°C. while in the pack carburizing process, the temperature of 900°C has a thermal conductivity value of 20.101 W/m°C, and 800° has a thermal conductivity value of 19.54684 W/m°C, while at 700°C the thermal conductivity value is 18.916 W/m°C. At the raw corrosion rate has a corrosion rate value of 7.614 mm/year, in the quenching process of 700°C has a corrosion rate of 12.781 mm/year, while the temperature of 900°C with a corrosion rate value of 18.401 mm/year, and in the pack carburizing process of 700°C has a corrosion rate value of 9.699 mm/year temperature 900°C with a corrosion rate value of 13.234 mm/year. The better process in thermal conductivity is quenching, because it has a faster time but has a high conductivity value, while for the best corrosion rate is the pack carburizing process because it has a smaller corrosion rate value compared to the quenching process

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an essential role in driving national economic growth; however, many business actors still face challenges in financial management and the effective utilization of digital technologies. This condition is also experienced by the culinary MSME Warung Makan Lesehan Mas Roni, which previously did not have a structured bookkeeping system and had not maximized the use of digital platforms for marketing activities. This study aims to analyze the implementation of simple bookkeeping and digital marketing strategies in improving sales performance at the MSME. A descriptive qualitative method was employed by conducting observations, interviews, and collecting business documentation to obtain a comprehensive understanding of financial activities and digital marketing practices. The findings reveal that applying simple bookkeeping helps business owners record income, expenses, and profits more systematically, thereby supporting informed business decisions. Additionally, the adoption of digital marketing through social media platforms expands promotional reach, increases consumer engagement, and contributes to higher customer acquisition and improved operational effectiveness. The implications of this study highlight that the integration of proper bookkeeping and digital marketing utilization is a crucial strategy for MSMEs to enhance competitiveness and business sustainability in the Industry 4.0 era. Strengthening financial and digital literacy becomes an urgent need to help business owners adapt to modern business developments and maximize existing market opportunities.

This study aims to analyze cost and time optimization in project management through a case study of developing a QR Code–based Digital Warehouse Management System. The project was carried out by a team of students from the Logistics Management Study Program as a practical implementation of modern project management concepts in an academic environment. The research employed a descriptive qualitative case study approach, including observation, documentation, and literature analysis. The results indicate that the use of QR Code technology significantly improves time efficiency in stock recording by up to 80% and reduces the risk of human error. In terms of cost, the project successfully optimized resources by utilizing personal devices and open-source software, eliminating the need for additional infrastructure investment. The project also demonstrated effective implementation of the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), risk management, and evaluation based on the Triple Constraint principle. These findings highlight that simple digital innovations can greatly enhance operational efficiency and project management performance, making them a strategic solution for SMEs in the digitalization of warehouse operations.  

Growing life expectancy continues to shift global demographic patterns and significantly increase the proportion of older adults, thereby creating an urgent need for innovative programs that promote wellbeing, maintain functional capacity, and encourage meaningful social participation. This community service initiative aimed to strengthen both motor and cognitive function among older adults through structured and interactive board game activities designed to stimulate thinking, coordination, and social interaction. The program employed a mixed descriptive approach, utilizing interviews, direct observation, and brief assessments conducted before and after the intervention period. Cognitive status was measured using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), while muscle strength was assessed through Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) to capture changes in physical performance. Quantitative analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between pre-test and post-test scores (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, qualitative findings demonstrated meaningful positive changes, including increased motivation, more active participation, improved emotional responsiveness, enhanced social interaction, and greater awareness of brain–body coordination among participants. These findings indicate that although short-term measurable changes were limited, board game–based activities can provide valuable psychosocial benefits. When implemented repeatedly and consistently as part of routine programs, such activities may contribute to maintaining cognitive engagement, supporting emotional wellbeing, and fostering a more active and participatory lifestyle among older adults.

This study analyzes the process of construction and resistance to the double burden experienced by the character Kaluna in the film Home Sweet Loan (2024) through the perspective of Judith Butler's gender performativity. Using qualitative content analysis on 13 key scenes, it was found that Kaluna's double burden of office work and bearing the economic and domestic responsibilities of an extended family was constructed through stylized repetition of acts. The results show that Kaluna experiences a double burden of professional and domestic work shaped by social norms and family expectations. However, the film also depicts Kaluna's resistance to this construction through verbal and emotional actions and personal decisions that challenge the patriarchal structure. This study concludes that Home Sweet Loan not only represents the double burden of modern women, but also shows women's agency in resisting and negotiating their gender identity. These actions deconstruct oppressive gender identities and form a new, independent subjectivity. The film emphasizes that the double burden of women is not a natural law, but rather a social performance that can be resisted.

Flower disease detection is a common challenge in modern agriculture. Various factors, such as changes in leaf color, shape, petal structure, and environmental conditions, make it difficult to achieve high accuracy with conventional models. Transfer learning is an effective solution to improve model performance in image detection, especially when available data is limited. This study used several pre-trained models, namely VGG16, ResNet50, and EfficientNet-B0, to detect three types of flower diseases: black spot on roses, white powdery mildew, and leaf rust. The process included data processing, increasing the data volume, model training, and result verification. The results showed that the EfficientNet-B0 model provided the highest accuracy of 97.2%, significantly better than the CNN model created from scratch with an accuracy of 85.1%. This study proves that the transfer learning method is very effective in improving the accuracy of flower disease detection. These results confirm that transfer learning is effective for detecting plant diseases with higher accuracy, especially when the dataset is limited.  

Employee performance is a strategic factor in the success of regional banking organizations that are oriented towards service and achieving business targets. However, empirical evidence at PT Bank Sumut Kantor Cabang Koordinator Medan, indicates that employee performance tends to stagnate in the "Good" category during the 2021–2024 period. This condition is thought to be related to career development that is not yet optimally structured, organizational commitment that has not been fully actualized in work behavior, and inadequate extrinsic motivation. This study aims to analyze the effect of career development and organizational commitment on employee performance through extrinsic motivation as a mediating variable. The study used a quantitative approach with a survey method of employees at PT Bank Sumut Kantor Cabang Koordinator Medan. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. The results show that career development and organizational commitment influence extrinsic motivation, and extrinsic motivation plays a role in improving employee performance and mediating the relationship between variables. These findings strengthen the role of extrinsic motivation as an important mechanism in bridging human resource policies and employee performance in regional banking.

The increasing intensity of business competition requires companies to maintain strong financial conditions to avoid financial distress that may disrupt business continuity. This study aims to assess the financial stability and predict the potential bankruptcy of PT Sido Muncul Tbk for the 2022–2024 period using the Altman Z-Score model. A descriptive quantitative approach was applied, utilizing secondary data obtained from annual reports published by the Indonesia Stock Exchange and the company’s official website. Five key ratios in the Altman model were used as indicators to evaluate the company’s financial position and resilience. The results show Z-Score values of 4.74 in 2022, decreasing slightly to 4.66 in 2023, and rising again to 4.79 in 2024. These scores are significantly above the safe threshold of 2.675, indicating that the company is in a healthy financial state with a very low risk of bankruptcy. Overall, PT Sido Muncul Tbk demonstrates stable financial performance, supported by a strong capital structure and consistent operational results. The Altman Z-Score model also proves to be an effective early-warning tool for identifying potential financial problems.

This study examines the effectiveness of interactive digital platforms in improving student academic outcomes. The integration of digital platforms in education is becoming increasingly important, but challenges arise regarding educators' adaptation of technology. This study analyzes the effectiveness of platforms such as Kahoot and Padlet through a systematic literature review. The study identifies gaps in previous research that focused more on platform features than on learning outcomes and educator adaptation. Using a systematic literature review of 45 peer-reviewed articles (2019-2024), this study explores the relationship between platform interactivity, educator technology proficiency, and measurable academic improvement. Data analysis uses thematic coding to identify patterns in successful digital learning implementation. The results show that interactive platforms can improve academic performance by 15-25% if educators have adequate technological skills, but success rates decline without proper training. This study proposes a comprehensive framework that integrates platform effectiveness metrics with educator development strategies. Recommendations include structured technology training programs and standardized assessment protocols to measure the effectiveness of digital learning.

Abstract. This study analyzed the effectiveness and impact of extracurricular programs at SMP Nurul Huda in Bogor Regency, Indonesia, aiming to identify areas for improvement in fostering holistic student development.  The research employed a qualitative approach, gathering data through interviews with eleven students and one teacher, supplemented by direct observation of extracurricular activities and document review.  Findings revealed that the effectiveness of the four extracurricular programs (scouting, pencak silat, flag raising team, and archery) was moderate, indicating significant room for improvement.  Interviews with students and teachers highlighted the need for enhanced performance in competitions, more structured evaluation methods, and increased oversight from school administration.  To optimize the programs' impact, the study recommends improvements in student performance, more robust evaluation systems, stronger administrative oversight, enhanced resources, and professional development for instructors.  These changes would better support the holistic development of students and contribute to a more effective extracurricular program.   Keywords: effectiveness , extracurricular activities, students   Abstrak. Penelitian ini menganalisis efektivitas dan dampak program ekstrakurikuler di SMP Nurul Huda, Kabupaten Bogor, Indonesia, dengan tujuan mengidentifikasi area peningkatan untuk pengembangan holistik siswa.  Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, mengumpulkan data melalui wawancara dengan sebelas siswa dan satu guru, dilengkapi dengan observasi langsung kegiatan ekstrakurikuler dan peninjauan dokumen.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas empat program ekstrakurikuler (pramuka, pencak silat, paskibra, dan panahan) berada pada tingkat sedang, yang mengindikasikan adanya ruang yang signifikan untuk perbaikan.  Wawancara dengan siswa dan guru menyoroti perlunya peningkatan prestasi dalam kompetisi, metode evaluasi yang lebih terstruktur, dan pengawasan yang lebih ketat dari pihak sekolah.  Untuk mengoptimalkan dampak program, penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan prestasi siswa, sistem evaluasi yang lebih kuat, pengawasan administrasi yang lebih efektif, peningkatan sumber daya, dan pengembangan profesional bagi instruktur.  Perubahan-perubahan ini akan lebih mendukung pengembangan holistik siswa dan berkontribusi pada program ekstrakurikuler yang lebih efektif.   Kata kunci: efektivitas, ekstrakurikuler, siswa  

This study examines the video content production process at Digital Hub Sinar Mas Land as a visual communication strategy to support branding for a digital innovation area. The background of this research stems from the increasing need for organizations to produce creative and informative content as social media becomes a primary channel for information distribution. The study aims to describe the stages of pre-production, production, and post-production, and to identify challenges that affect the effectiveness of video content creation. A qualitative descriptive method was used through active participation, observation, interviews, and literature review. The findings show that concept planning, scriptwriting, and storyboard development form the foundation of successful production. The production stage emphasizes camera techniques, talent coordination, and visual consistency aligned with communication goals. The post-production stage focuses on technical editing to strengthen the audiovisual message structure and prepare content for publication. Key challenges were found in storyboard development, talent performance during filming, and audio processing that required detailed adjustments. The results highlight the importance of thorough planning and coordinated teamwork to ensure that video content effectively supports branding strategies.

The principle of comparative advantage explains that every country or society, like individuals, can gain benefits from their trade activities by exporting goods or services in which they have a major comparative advantage and importing goods or services in which they do not. Based on the law of comparative advantage, even though a country may be less efficient (having an absolute disadvantage) compared to other countries in the production process, the structure of industrial performance can be seen through the analysis of industrial sector behavior analyzed through various strategies such as Price, Product, and promotion. The theory of comparative advantage related to the exchange of goods is relevant as long as the traded goods are still useful. In other words, Performance is defined as the result of activities influenced by the structure and behavior within the industrial sector, where these results are often measured by the size of a company's market share or profitability in an industry. In more detail, performance can also be reflected in the form of efficiency, development (including market expansion), job creation, employee welfare, and a sense of group pride.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a heterogeneous disorder that gradually affects the structure and function of the kidneys, is difficult to recover, and causes the body to be unable to maintain metabolism and fail to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, leading to increased urea levels. Chronic kidney disease data was obtained from Kaggle, in this study a comparison was made between two classification algorithms, namely Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) and Random Forest because it is not yet known what algorithm is best in classifying chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both algorithms are evaluated based on performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and confusion matrix. The results of the evaluation showed that in a dataset of 400 samples, the performance  of the Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) algorithm obtained an accuracy of 94%, while Random Forest had an accuracy of 93%. Then in the small dataset (158 data), Random Forest got a better accuracy score with 87% compared to the Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) of 78%. Based on the results of the evaluation, Random Forest has a more stable performance on small datasets, while Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) provides higher performance on larger datasets in the context of chronic kidney disease classification.

The field practice program, also known as Innovation Development, is a community service activity conducted by students of STIE Madani Balikpapan aimed at assisting Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in improving their business performance and sustainability in the city of Balikpapan. In this program, Group 6 focuses on the MSME “Mamidah’s Homemade,” located in RT 34, Mekar Sari Subdistrict, Central Balikpapan District, which operates in the home-based food production sector. This activity is designed to provide practical assistance and applied knowledge to address several existing business challenges faced by the MSME. The main objectives of this Innovation Development activity are: (1) to assist in creating a systematic, structured, and consistent financial recording system as a basis for operational planning, evaluation, and decision-making; (2) to support the development of a comprehensive and well-organized business portfolio to strengthen business identity and credibility; and (3) to help business owners enhance their digital branding capabilities through the effective use of online platforms and social media to expand market reach and competitiveness.

Jambi Province is one of the largest natural rubber producing regions in Indonesia; however, rubber factories under GAPKINDO Jambi still face productivity issues, particularly the gap between production capacity and actual output, and productivity assessment that is still conducted manually by GAPKINDO Jambi. This study employs Decision Tree, Random Forest, KNN, and SVM algorithms within a structured pipeline involving preprocessing, feature selection, standardization, data balancing using SMOTE, and hyperparameter tuning. The proposed solution applies productivity level classification both individually and through paired combinations (ensemble voting). The results show that the Decision Tree + Random Forest model achieves the best performance with an accuracy of 0.84 and an F1-score of 0.83, confirming the effectiveness of ensemble methods in supporting productivity improvement decisions.

Flower disease detection is a significant challenge in modern agriculture, particularly with factors such as changes in leaf color, petal shape and structure, and environmental conditions affecting the accuracy of conventional models. These factors make it difficult to achieve optimal results using traditional methods. Transfer learning is an effective solution to improve image detection performance, especially when data is limited. This study used several pre-trained models, namely VGG16, ResNet50, and EfficientNet-B0, to detect three types of flower diseases: black spot on roses, white powdery mildew, and leaf rust. The research process included data processing, increasing the data volume using augmentation techniques, model training, and evaluation of the results. Experimental results showed that the EfficientNet-B0 model produced the highest accuracy of 97.2%, significantly better than the CNN model built from scratch with an accuracy of 85.1%. This study demonstrates that transfer learning is highly effective in improving the accuracy of flower disease detection, making it a more reliable alternative to methods that do not utilize pre-trained models, especially for agricultural applications that require high levels of accuracy in disease detection.

This study aims to analyze the application of the franchising system on business performance in the beverage franchise business through a case study of Mitra Minuman Siap Saji. The approach used is qualitative with a case study design, with data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews, operational observations, and supporting documentation. The results show that the implementation of standardized Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), franchisor support in the form of training, raw material supplies, and periodic monitoring contribute significantly to improving business stability, product quality consistency, and customer satisfaction. However, there are limitations in flexibility and several communication obstacles that have the potential to affect the effectiveness of the partnership. The relatively strict contract structure also impacts partners' perceptions of local innovation space, although it is generally still viewed as providing business security and business model clarity. These findings emphasize that a balance between franchisor control and partner autonomy, accompanied by open communication and fair contract design, is a key factor in creating sustainable business performance in a franchising system.

This study examines the influence of work discipline, training, and motivation on employee performance at PDAM Tirta Ayu, Tegal Regency. In a public service organization such as PDAM, employee performance is crucial to ensure customer satisfaction and strengthen institutional competitiveness. A quantitative survey method was used with questionnaires distributed to all 115 employees using a saturated sampling technique, as the entire population was included. The independent variables analyzed were work discipline (attitude, compliance with rules, responsibility), training (materials, methods, instructor competence, duration, facilities), and motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic). Employee performance, as the dependent variable, was measured using indicators of work quality, work quantity, teamwork, and problem-solving ability. The data were processed through multiple linear regression to assess simultaneous and partial effects. The research findings revealed that work discipline, training, and motivation each have a positive and significant impact on employee performance, but for training has a positive and insignificant effect, this is shown by the significant results of each significant level for work discipline sig value = 0.000 (<0.05), training sig value = 0.632 (>0.05) and motivation with sig value = 0.000 (<0.05). These results highlight the importance of strengthening employee discipline, implementing well-structured and sustainable training programs, and fostering sustainable motivation strategies. This research provides practical implications for PDAM Tirta Ayu management in designing policies to improve overall employee performance, thereby improving service quality and organizational competitiveness.  

Parental involvement is widely acknowledged as a key factor in student academic success, particularly in second language acquisition. However, its impact at the university level, especially among pre-service English teachers, remains underexplored. This study investigates the relationship between parental involvement and English language achievement among first-year English Education students at Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al Banjari Banjarmasin (UNISKA). Employing a quantitative survey design, data were collected from 36 purposively selected participants using a structured Likert-scale questionnaire. The instrument measured both the forms and frequency of parental involvement and students’ self-reported performance in English-related subjects. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation via SPSS 26. Findings indicate that students generally perceive moderate to high levels of parental involvement, especially in providing academic resources, financial support, and attending university-related events. However, involvement in educational decision-making and career discussions was notably low. A significant positive correlation was found between parental involvement and students' academic performance, particularly in aspects such as discipline, assignment completion, and encouragement. Emotional impacts such as increased motivation or reduced anxiety showed more mixed responses. These findings highlight the enduring influence of parental support in higher education and suggest further exploration of its emotional dimensions.

This study explores how the organizational culture of Sanggar Kartika Budaya strengthens local artistic values through identity building, leadership, training strategies, and adaptive creativity. Rooted in a commitment to traditional arts, the sanggar positions local cultural expression not only as heritage but also as a living space for innovation. The research aims to uncover how these cultural elements shape member behavior, sustain artistic traditions, and support the regeneration of young artists. Using a qualitative approach with document analysis, this study examines official profiles, program descriptions, and relevant scholarly sources. The findings reveal that the sanggar’s cultural identity centered on the motto “Pegang Teguh Seni Tradisi Siap Berkreasi”serves as the backbone of its learning system and creative ecosystem. Leadership plays a central role in directing artistic vision while safeguarding cultural authenticity. Structured training, literacy activities, and collaborative performances effectively embed traditional values in new members. The sanggar also demonstrates an ability to evolve with modern trends through creative choreography, multimedia integration, and active participation in contemporary festivals, all while maintaining strong roots in local heritage. These findings highlight how a well-structured organizational culture can act as a powerful engine for cultural preservation and artistic resilience. The implications suggest that cultural institutions can remain relevant in a fast-changing era by blending heritage with innovation, ensuring that tradition continues to live meaningfully in the hands of future generations.