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Penelitian ini mengkaji strategi manajemen konflik berbasis nilai-nilai Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK) di sekolah dasar. Konflik di lingkungan pendidikan merupakan fenomena yang tidak dapat dihindari dan memerlukan pendekatan penanganan yang tepat agar tidak menghambat perkembangan peserta didik. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas strategi manajemen konflik berbasis nilai-nilai PAK dalam membentuk kedewasaan sosial peserta didik sekolah dasar. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik library research melalui kajian sistematis terhadap literatur ilmiah, jurnal akademik, dan sumber-sumber relevan lainnya. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada pengembangan model pembelajaran PAK yang mengintegrasikan aspek teologis, pedagogis, dan psikologis dalam strategi manajemen konflik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan komprehensif yang menggabungkan metode pembelajaran partisipatif, pemahaman tahap perkembangan emosional anak, serta internalisasi nilai-nilai kristiani seperti kasih, pengampunan, dan perdamaian berperan penting dalam membentuk karakter peserta didik yang mampu mengelola konflik secara konstruktif. Model pembelajaran transformatif ini tidak hanya menekankan pemahaman teoretis tetapi juga pembentukan keterampilan sosial dan implementasi nilai-nilai moral dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas strategi pembentukan integritas berbasis nilai-nilai Pendidikan Agama Kristen pada anak usia dini di TK Kristen ‘Baik’. Masalah utama yang dikaji adalah kesenjangan antara idealisme pendidikan karakter yang diharapkan dengan implementasi praktis dalam kehidupan sehari-hari anak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi dan riset pustaka. Pendekatan fenomenologi diterapkan melalui observasi partisipatif dan refleksi pengalaman guru, peserta didik, serta orang tua, sedangkan riset pustaka digunakan untuk mengkaji berbagai teori pendidikan karakter dan nilai-nilai Pendidikan Agama Kristen. Novelty penelitian ini terletak pada pengembangan model pendidikan karakter yang mengintegrasikan dimensi teologis dan pedagogis secara holistik serta menekankan pengalaman nyata dalam internalisasi nilai-nilai integritas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi nilai-nilai Pendidikan Agama Kristen masih bersifat teoretis dan kurang menyentuh aspek praktik dalam kehidupan anak. Sehingga, diperlukan strategi pembelajaran yang lebih interaktif, kolaborasi antara sekolah dan keluarga, serta penguatan peran guru sebagai teladan dalam membentuk karakter anak yang berintegritas.

Penelitian ini menganalisis pendekatan holistik dalam pengembangan kompetensi guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK) dengan menyeimbangkan aspek teologis, pedagogis, dan sosial. Ketimpangan dalam kompetensi guru PAK, di mana aspek teologis lebih dominan, menyebabkan pembelajaran cenderung dogmatis dan kurang kontekstual. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan Library Research, mengkaji berbagai literatur akademik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi ketiga aspek tersebut meningkatkan relevansi pembelajaran, memperkuat keterlibatan sosial guru, serta mendorong inovasi pedagogis. Kesimpulannya, keseimbangan antara kompetensi teologis, pedagogis, dan sosial sangat penting dalam profesionalisme guru PAK. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan reformulasi kurikulum dan program pelatihan yang lebih integratif agar guru PAK dapat membimbing peserta didik secara efektif dalam menghadapi tantangan kehidupan modern.

This study aims to address the low interest in learning among students in the Social Studies subject at SMPN 1 Ngunut, caused by monotonous conventional teaching methods. The field trip method is implemented to provide direct learning experiences, linking theory to real practice. The research problem includes the influence of the field trip method on the interest in learning Social Studies among eighth-grade students. Using an associative quantitative approach, the research population consists of 386 students, with a sample of 40 students selected randomly. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and documentation, and analyzed using simple linear regression. The results indicate a positive and significant influence of the field trip method on students' interest in learning Social Studies, with a strong effect of 64.2%. The t-value (7.935) exceeds the critical t-value (2.02439) with a significance level of 0.00, thus the alternative hypothesis is accepted. The correlation coefficient (R) of 0.790 indicates a strong relationship, meaning that the application of this method increases students' interest in studying Social Studies.

This study aims to determine the initial ability and influence of the application of the buying and selling simulation learning method on the ability to understand the concept of class III stacked reduction at MI Ma'arif Al-Hasani. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with a type of research, namely pre-experimental design. Data collection in this study uses tests, namely pre-test to determine students' initial ability and post-test to determine the effect of the application of the buying and selling simulation learning method on students' understanding of concepts. The data analysis used was descriptive statistical analysis and inferential analysis. The population in this study is all third grade students of MI Ma'arif Al-Hasani for the 2024/2025 school year. The results showed that students' concept comprehension ability increased with an average pre-test score of 52.70 and an average post-test score of 89.22. This is also in accordance with Asymp's values. Sig. 2 (tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05, it can be concluded that "Hypothesis Accepted" so that there is an effect of the application of the buying and selling simulation learning method on the understanding of the concept of layered reduction in class III MI Ma'arif Al-Hasani.

Abstract This study aims to improve the quality of learning to read the Qur’an for children at TPA AR-Rasyid through the application of the Iqro method. The Iqro method is an approach to learning to read the Qur’an that emphasizes conformity to the rules of tajwid and the use of songs and distinctive rhythms. This study uses a qualitative approach with the Participatory Action Research (PAR) methodology. The results of the study indicate that the application of the Iqro method at TPA Ar-Rasyid can improve students’ ability to read the Qur’an and foster their enthusiasm in studying the Qur’an. The Iqro method has proven effective in creating a generation of fluent Qur’an readers who are committed to the teachings of Islam

This study aims to analyze the influence of interactive teaching methods and student involvement on student learning interest and motivation at SDN Kampung Melayu V through the BSI Explore Program. Using a quantitative descriptive approach with a survey, data were collected through questionnaires filled out by students participating in the program. The results show a significant positive impact between interactive teaching methods and active student involvement on the improvement of their learning interest and motivation. Students who actively participated in activities such as discussions, experiments, and practical tasks showed higher levels of learning interest compared to those who were less involved. These findings underline the importance of using teaching methods that prioritize active interaction to improve the quality of education and student motivation. Therefore, the results of this study recommend integrating interactive teaching methods and active student involvement into educational programs to encourage greater learning interest among students.

The application of Virtual Reality (VR) based on the Metaverse in education is an innovation that can enhance the quality of learning by providing a more interactive and immersive learning experience. This article discusses the development of VR-based learning integrated with the Metaverse using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Through the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation, VR and Metaverse-based learning can be tailored to students' needs, creating a more flexible and collaborative learning experience. The use of this technology allows students to learn independently or in groups, while improving practical skills and creativity. This study shows that by applying the ADDIE model, VR and Metaverse-based learning can be more effective in increasing student motivation and learning outcomes, addressing the challenges of education in the future.

This study aims to analyze the influence of new students' adaptation to learning methods on campus, especially in sports study programs, and its implications for students' mental and physical health. This study uses a qualitative approach with observation and interview methods with seven female students of the Faculty of Sports, State University of Medan. The results of the study indicate that students experience high academic pressure due to the KKNI-based learning method and the block system, which has an impact on increasing stress levels, physical fatigue, and difficulties in managing study time between theory and practice. The implications of this study are relevant in developing student-friendly learning policies in order to maintain a balance between academic demands and their mental and physical health.    

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi implementasi ajaran Buddha dalam pengembangan budi pekerti di kalangan siswa beragama Buddha di sekolah-sekolah menengah di Jawa Tengah. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan metode campuran melalui survei (n=135) dan wawancara (n=12), penelitian ini meneliti bagaimana prinsip-prinsip Buddha diintegrasikan ke dalam pendidikan formal untuk mengembangkan nilai-nilai etika dan karakter moral pada siswa Buddha. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa sekolah yang menerapkan program pendidikan karakter berbasis ajaran Buddha secara terstruktur menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam perilaku etis siswa, perhatian penuh (mindfulness), dan tanggung jawab sosial dibandingkan dengan pendekatan konvensional. Strategi yang paling efektif meliputi praktik meditasi harian, integrasi etika Buddha ke dalam kurikulum reguler, proyek pembelajaran layanan, dan resolusi konflik secara mindful. Penelitian ini mendemonstrasikan bagaimana ajaran Buddha dapat diadaptasi secara efektif untuk lingkungan pendidikan kontemporer sambil mengatasi tantangan remaja modern. Studi ini memberikan kerangka kerja untuk mengembangkan program pendidikan karakter yang berakar pada kebijaksanaan Buddha yang relevan dengan kebutuhan pendidikan saat ini.

Perkembangan komputasi kuantum memberikan potensi besar dalam bidang teknologi informasi, namun juga menimbulkan ancaman signifikan terhadap sistem keamanan siber yang ada saat ini. Sebagai respons terhadap tantangan ini, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sistem keamanan siber inovatif yang berbasis kecerdasan buatan (AI) guna melawan ancaman komputasi kuantum. Metode yang digunakan melibatkan penerapan algoritma AI untuk mendeteksi dan merespons serangan kuantum secara dinamis, serta integrasi kriptografi pasca-kuantum untuk meningkatkan ketahanan sistem terhadap potensi peretasan. Penelitian ini juga mengeksplorasi penggunaan pembelajaran mesin untuk mengidentifikasi pola ancaman dan memperkuat sistem secara otomatis seiring waktu. Temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem yang dikembangkan mampu mendeteksi ancaman kuantum dengan tingkat akurasi yang tinggi dan menawarkan solusi yang dapat diimplementasikan pada berbagai platform siber. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini adalah kemajuan signifikan dalam pengembangan sistem keamanan yang lebih tangguh dan adaptif terhadap evolusi komputasi kuantum, membuka jalan bagi terciptanya infrastruktur digital yang lebih aman di masa depan

Perkembangan komputasi kuantum memberikan potensi besar dalam bidang teknologi informasi, namun juga menimbulkan ancaman signifikan terhadap sistem keamanan siber yang ada saat ini. Sebagai respons terhadap tantangan ini, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sistem keamanan siber inovatif yang berbasis kecerdasan buatan (AI) guna melawan ancaman komputasi kuantum. Metode yang digunakan melibatkan penerapan algoritma AI untuk mendeteksi dan merespons serangan kuantum secara dinamis, serta integrasi kriptografi pasca-kuantum untuk meningkatkan ketahanan sistem terhadap potensi peretasan. Penelitian ini juga mengeksplorasi penggunaan pembelajaran mesin untuk mengidentifikasi pola ancaman dan memperkuat sistem secara otomatis seiring waktu. Temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem yang dikembangkan mampu mendeteksi ancaman kuantum dengan tingkat akurasi yang tinggi dan menawarkan solusi yang dapat diimplementasikan pada berbagai platform siber. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini adalah kemajuan signifikan dalam pengembangan sistem keamanan yang lebih tangguh dan adaptif terhadap evolusi komputasi kuantum, membuka jalan bagi terciptanya infrastruktur digital yang lebih aman di masa depan

The rapid advancement of technology is evidenced by numerous innovations that simplify human tasks, particularly in the agricultural sector. Various farming methods are offered to produce fruits and vegetables without using chemical pesticides. Hydroponic techniques have been implemented to maximize crop yields without the use of chemicals in the plant care process. The community in Barean Village, Ploso, Pacitan Regency still relies on conventional farming methods. Conventional farming methods, apart from requiring large areas, also have adverse environmental and health impacts due to the use of chemical pesticides. Farmer have to spend quite a lot of capital to provide large amounts of fertiliser to treat the plants in their fields. The results obtained from conventional farming methods are not worth the capital spent. Hydroponic farming metode is an agricultural method that uses water as a growing medium. This method is recognised as an environmentally friendly method, as it uses water and nutrient solutions as a substitute for nutrients found in soil. Autor introduces hydroponic cultivation methods to the public through a digital platform. People from all walks of life can learn farming techniques using the hydroponic method, as it is more visually appealing, and can be operated interactively. Hydroponic techniques can be effectively learned through this 2D interactive media, which provides comprehensive knowledge about the hydroponic method, equipment, materials, and proper cultivation methods. The final section of this interactive media features a simple quiz to assess knowledge for novice farmers. The design of 2D Interactive Based Hydroponic Farming Learning Media is expected to be an attraction for the community in the field of agriculture. The development of this 2D Interactive Hydroponic Farming Educational Media is intended to serve as a solution for hydroponic cultivation education, thereby maximizing agricultural productivity.

History learning in elementary schools plays an important role in shaping students' understanding of past events and instilling national values. However, the conventional approach that is still widely applied often results in low student interest and participation in history learning. This article aims to analyze various interactive and creative methods in history learning in elementary schools through a literature review. Interactive methods, such as group discussions, role-playing, and the use of digital media, as well as creative methods, such as storytelling, concept maps, and exploration-based projects, have been shown to increase student engagement and deeper understanding of historical concepts. Various studies have shown that the application of these methods not only increases students' learning motivation but also develops critical, analytical, and collaborative thinking skills. In addition, the use of technology such as educational applications and historical simulations further enriches students' learning experiences, making them more contextual and relevant to everyday life. However, the application of this method still faces challenges, such as limited resources, teacher readiness, and support from the school environment. Therefore, an appropriate implementation strategy is needed, including teacher training and the provision of adequate learning facilities. This literature review is expected to provide insight for educators and researchers in developing more effective and interesting history learning methods for elementary school students.    

This study aims to explore the optimization of pedagogical competence of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers in the application of problem-based learning (PBM) methods at SMP Negeri 4 Pagaran, North Tapanuli Regency. Teachers' pedagogical competence has a crucial role in designing and implementing effective learning processes, especially in the context of implementing PBM methods that aim to improve students' critical thinking and problem-solving skills. This study uses a qualitative research method with a library approach from book and journal theories to explore information on how PAK teachers implement their pedagogical competence in PBM. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers at SMP Negeri 4 Pagaran have optimized their pedagogical competence in adapting the PBM method by focusing on the characteristics of student development which is carried out with a more personal approach. This study concludes that increasing training and development of pedagogical competence for PAK teachers through the application of PBM methods is very effective in improving the quality of learning at SMP Negeri 4 Pagaran.

This research discusses the revitalization of the mudzakarah method to enhance interactive learning for students. The mudzakarah method is a teaching technique based on two-way discussions aimed at deepening understanding and increasing student engagement through the exchange of opinions. With a descriptive qualitative approach based on literature studies, this research explores how this method can be effectively applied. The research results show that the implementation of structured discussions, clear guidelines, and open communication can encourage student participation, enhance critical and collaborative thinking skills, and motivate them in learning. However, there are Challenges, such as the lack of understanding of the discussion concept by students, which can be addressed through the role of the teacher as a facilitator and motivator. This way, their opinions feel valued and they are more motivated to engage actively, creating an interactive learning atmosphere.  

This study examines the implementation of Arabic language learning based on the Qur'an at Mushollah Zubhatul Hasan, focusing on the sorogan and talaqqi methods. The sorogan method allows students to read directly in front of their teacher, receiving guidance on pronunciation, meaning, and sentence structure. This individual approach provides a more personalized learning experience, enabling students to receive immediate corrections. Meanwhile, the talaqqi method emphasizes listening and repeating the teacher’s recitation collectively, improving fluency, tajwid accuracy, and linguistic comprehension. Additionally, the practice of daily Arabic conversations in the Mushollah environment plays a crucial role in reinforcing language acquisition. Initially, students faced challenges in speaking Arabic, but continuous practice helped them develop confidence and fluency. This immersive approach allows students not only to learn Arabic theoretically but also to internalize it through practical use. The findings highlight that combining sorogan, talaqqi, and Arabic-speaking habits effectively enhances students’ Arabic proficiency, both in understanding Qur'anic texts and applying the language in daily interactions. This study underscores the importance of integrating structured teaching methods with real-life practice to achieve comprehensive Arabic language mastery in a religious learning setting.

This service aims to analyze the improvement of learning quality at SD Negeri 173653 Nalela through the application of additional learning methods. This activity was carried out by HKBP Nommensen University students involved in the Community Service Practice Lecture (KPPM) program. The research method in this service is a qualitative analysis approach. To obtain the necessary data and information, observations and interviews were conducted. Information is obtained from direct observation, interviews, and also documentation in the form of photographs of activities. The results of this service show that this program has succeeded in increasing student motivation and understanding of the subject matter. In addition, the social interaction that occurs in additional learning activities creates a more supportive environment, so students feel more motivated. However, the challenges faced include the long distance between each elementary school student's home and the KPPM Group IX pokso. This additional learning work program is strongly supported by the Nalela village community as parents of children who participate in additional learning. This service suggests that the additional learning program be expanded to include more students and actively involve parents and the community. With a comprehensive approach, it is hoped that the quality of education in SD Negeri 173653 Nalela can continue to improve.

This study aims to identify the problems of learning methods of Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) in grade IV students of SDN 060866. The results showed that conventional teacher-centered learning methods were still dominant, causing low student interest and learning outcomes. Most students have not reached the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM) with a percentage of completeness of only 25%. Teachers face obstacles such as lack of student interest, a less conducive learning environment, and limitations in applying innovative learning methods. To overcome this, teachers plan to implement project-based learning methods that are more interactive and relevant to students' daily lives. This study concludes that more varied and student-centered learning strategies are needed to improve students' motivation and learning outcomes.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi mahasiswa terhadap implementasi filsafat pendidikan Pancasila dalam kurikulum pendidikan tinggi. Sebagai dasar negara dan pedoman hidup bangsa, Pancasila memiliki peran penting dalam membentuk karakter dan wawasan kebangsaan mahasiswa. Studi ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan data yang dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa pada umumnya memahami pentingnya filsafat Pancasila, namun implementasinya dalam kurikulum dianggap masih kurang aplikatif dan relevan dengan tantangan zaman. Beberapa hambatan mencakup pendekatan pembelajaran yang terlalu teoritis dan kurangnya pengintegrasian nilai-nilai Pancasila dengan kebutuhan praktis. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pengembangan metode pembelajaran yang lebih interaktif, berbasis kasus, dan berorientasi pada praktik untuk meningkatkan internalisasi nilai-nilai Pancasila di kalangan mahasiswa.