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Fermentation is one of the traditional food processing techniques that not only functions as a preservation method, but also plays a role in improving the nutritional quality and safety of food. One example of a typical Indonesian fermented food that has survived from generation to generation is naniura, a traditional dish of the Batak Toba people made from carp (Cyprinus carpio) which is processed without a cooking process. The fermentation process in naniura is carried out spontaneously by soaking in a solution of citrus (Citrus Sp.) and a mixture of local spices, thus creating an acidic environment that supports the growth of fermentative microorganisms, especially lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify LAB from naniura, as well as to carry out morphological characteristics, Gram staining, and sensitivity tests to several commonly used antibiotics. Isolation was carried out using MRS media in anaerobic conditions, while sensitivity tests were carried out using the disc diffusion method. The results showed that isolates from naniura had Gram-positive characteristics, rod-shaped, catalase negative, and showed varying inhibition zones against antibiotics. Some isolates showed resistance to amoxicillin and cefataxim, but were sensitive to erythromycin and gentamicin. These results indicate that LAB from naniura has potential as a probiotic candidate, but it is necessary to monitor the possibility of antibiotic resistance gene transfer.  

Surya Indo Plastic is a pioneer company that provides exceptional quality recycled plastic food packaging for the food and beverage industry. Established in 2006 in Indonesia. The company wants to make a positive impact and contribute to protecting the environment by offering food packaging that contains 100 percent recycled plastic, which meets the highest quality and performance standards. The company works hard to accelerate the recycling of its products. Because every cup, every lid must make a difference. PT. Surya Indo Plastic is an example that packaging can be made sustainably, to prevent plastic waste from entering our environment. By raising awareness, supporting the circular economy, and encouraging individuals and companies to recycle. SIP's ambition is to provide the best quality food packaging made from sustainable recycled plastic materials while providing the best customer service. PT Surya Indo Plastic's goal is to make a difference in food packaging through innovation, responsibility, and collaboration. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of authentic leadership, organizational identity and employee engagement on job satisfaction and company performance at PT. Surya Indo Plastic in Sidoarjo. This study uses a quantitative method with primary data sources obtained from distributing questionnaires. The population of the study were employees of PT. Surya Indo Plastic in Sidoarjo. The selection of respondents was carried out using the saturated non-probability sampling method with a total of 208 respondents. The data analysis method used descriptive analysis and SEM-PLS analysis. The results showed that the variables of authentic leadership, organizational identity and employee engagement influenced job satisfaction and company performance of PT. Surya Indo Plastic in Sidoarjo.

Legal protection of personal health data amidst the rapid digitalization of health services, such as telemedicine, electronic medical records, and online consultation applications is very important. Sensitive health data requires careful management, but in fact, many digital service providers in Indonesia have not implemented adequate security standards. The case of the BPJS Kesehatan participant data leak is a real example of the weakness of the data protection system, coupled with the practice of data misuse by digital platforms without valid consent. The method used is qualitative with a normative legal approach, through a literature study of primary and secondary regulations such as Law No. 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection (UU PDP), the ITE Law, and related Government Regulations and Permenkes. The results of the study show that although regulations are comprehensively available, implementation in the field still faces serious challenges such as the lack of appointment of Data Protection Officers (DPOs), weak supervision, and low awareness of data protection. Real threats such as cyber attacks, data leaks due to negligence, and misuse by third parties are the main issues. Electronic system providers have a great responsibility in building an information security system, preparing privacy policies, and implementing the principle of "privacy by design".  

This paper investigates how Big Data Analytics (BDA) can accelerate the transition to a low-carbon digital economy. We present a systematic literature-based research framework (2015–2025) that synthesizes applications of BDA in energy systems, transportation, industry and supply chains. The methodology combines systematic review and conceptual modelling to identify pathways through which BDA reduces emissions: (1) demand-side optimization, (2) operational efficiency, (3) predictive maintenance and (4) data-driven policy and market instruments. Results highlight concrete case examples smart grids, digital twins, and green supply-chain analytics and quantify benefits reported in recent literature. Key challenges such as data governance, carbon costs of computing, and policy integration are discussed. The paper concludes with policy recommendations and a research agenda to align digitalization with decarbonization goals.

Indonesia is a country inhabited by the largest Muslim population in the world. The need for halal products is also very important for the running of a Muslim's life. Saccharomyces cerevisiae plays a major role in biotechnology, both traditional and modern such as in genetic engineering techniques. The purpose of this practicum is to find out how to make sticky rice tape and to determine the effect of yeast concentration on the level of sweetness of the sticky rice tape produced. These microbes have long been used in making long-lasting food. Examples of halal products include bread, tape and bioethanol. Meanwhile, haram products include intoxicating drinks such as sake. Modern biotechnology supports environmentally friendly bioethanol production.

The Role of Teachers in Improving Students' Literacy Skills in MIS Model Panyabungan''. This study aims to answer the focus of the research on: 1) how teachers improve students' literacy skills in MIS Model Panyabungan. 2) the role of teachers as educators in MIS Model Panyabungan. 3) Students' literacy skills in MIS Model Panyabungan. This study uses qualitative research. The research procedure used produces data in the form of written words, oral expressions from sources. Informants in this study involved the principal, head of the library, and teachers. Secondary data, obtained through literature studies, references, and documentation obtained from the results of the study. The results of the study showed that reading 15 minutes before starting learning for students, providing a reading corner, providing a library and adequate facilities and infrastructure for students, Teachers are also professional educators whose main task is to educate, teach and guide or evaluate students, teachers also have an important role in carrying out their duties here teachers become examples for students so that students want to exemplify how teachers behave so that good things emerge that students want to achieve. 

Technology is now increasingly advanced and developing rapidly. Almost every aspect of human life is now assisted by technology, especially computerized technology. This technology has penetrated almost all aspects of life and significantly increased efficiency in completing work. With the existence of computerized technology, many processes that were previously time-consuming and labor-intensive can now be done more quickly, easily, and efficiently. One example of the application of technology in everyday life is the design of a smart cupboard for storing shallots. This smart cupboard is designed to help shallot farmers and sellers store their agricultural products more efficiently. The working system of this tool is similar to the method of storing shallots in traditional huts, but with more sophisticated technology. This smart cupboard can regulate temperature and humidity automatically, which is very important to maintain the quality of shallots. The optimal temperature for storing shallots is between 25º - 30º C, with air humidity around 50% - 60%. If the temperature or humidity in the cupboard does not match the desired conditions, the system will automatically activate the lights and fans to return the temperature and humidity to the desired level. With this automated control system, shallots can be kept fresh for longer, reducing the damage that typically occurs to shallots due to unstable temperature or humidity. The advantage of this smart cabinet is that it can maintain the quality of shallots for a long time, even when stored in large quantities. This greatly assists farmers and traders in reducing losses due to perishable shallots and increasing the efficiency of shallot storage and distribution.  

This research is motivated by the low enthusiasm and participation of students in social studies learning which is considered boring due to the lack of facilities and less varied learning methods. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence and magnitude of the influence of the Example Non Examples learning model on improving the argumentation skills of grade VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Srengat. This study used a quantitative approach with a Quasi Experimental Nonequivalent Control Group design. The research sample consisted of 30 control class students and 27 experimental class students selected through purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through questionnaires and learning outcome tests, then analyzed using the Independent Sample T-Test and Effect Size tests. The results showed that there was a significant influence of the Example Non Examples learning model on improving students' argumentation skills, with a significance value of 0.000 <0.05. Cohen's d test showed a value of 6.140 which indicated a large influence. These findings indicate that the Example Non Examples model is effective in improving students' argumentation skills in social studies subjects, so it can be used as an alternative learning model to create more active and meaningful learning.

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the demonstration method in improving the ablution skills of early childhood. The study was conducted at TK Negeri Pembina Baubau with a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach consisting of two cycles. The subjects of the study were 20 early childhood students who were students at the institution. The demonstration method was used to provide direct examples of the correct stages of ablution, with the hope that children could imitate them correctly. The results of the study showed a significant increase in both ablution practice skills and children's enthusiasm during the learning process. In the second cycle, the majority of children were able to perform ablution independently with the correct sequence and movements. In addition, the learning atmosphere became more active and enjoyable. Thus, it can be concluded that the demonstration method is effective in creating a positive learning experience and is able to optimally improve the ablution skills of early childhood.

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the demonstration method in improving the ablution skills of early childhood. The study was conducted at TK Negeri Pembina Baubau with a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach consisting of two cycles. The subjects of the study were 20 early childhood students who were students at the institution. The demonstration method was used to provide direct examples of the correct stages of ablution, with the hope that children could imitate them correctly. The results of the study showed a significant increase in both ablution practice skills and children's enthusiasm during the learning process. In the second cycle, the majority of children were able to perform ablution independently with the correct sequence and movements. In addition, the learning atmosphere became more active and enjoyable. Thus, it can be concluded that the demonstration method is effective in creating a positive learning experience and is able to optimally improve the ablution skills of early childhood.

This study aims to analyze the figurative language used in the song lyrics of “Cause You Have To” by the American band LANY. Using a qualitative descriptive method, this research identifies and interprets various types of figurative language found in the lyrics, focusing on metaphor, simile, hyperbole, personification, symbolism, irony, allusion, and synecdoche. The findings reveal that these figurative devices play a significant role in conveying the emotional depth, psychological tension, and relational conflict expressed in the song. Metaphors and hyperboles dominate the lyrics, enhancing the emotional impact by illustrating themes of unreciprocated love, emotional detachment, and inner turmoil. For example, metaphors like “the silence is getting too cold” and hyperbolic expressions such as “I’d drive through the night” contribute to the song’s emotional intensity. The study concludes that figurative language is essential in shaping the narrative and emotional resonance of the song, allowing listeners to engage with the lyrics on a more personal and interpretive level. This research highlights the importance of figurative language in music and its role in deepening the listener’s emotional experience.

This article explores the Qur'anic perspective on contemporary ecological issues, particularly in the context of the environmental crisis in Banten Province, Indonesia. Using a thematic and tafsir ilmi (interpretation) approach, this qualitative literature-based study analyzes Qur'anic verses related to nature and resources, such as QS. Al-A'raf: 56, QS. Al-Baqarah: 60, QS. An-Nahl: 10–11, and QS. Al-Anbiya: 30. This article integrates the values ​​of revelation with modern ecological thought to understand ecological responsibility in Islam and its relevance to local environmental challenges, including the clean water crisis caused by deforestation and pollution. This study also highlights local initiatives such as the Banten Bebersih movement as an example of the implementation of Qur'anic values ​​in environmental conservation efforts. The research findings show that the Qur'an not only prohibits environmental degradation and emphasizes the importance of balance (mizan), but also provides theological and ethical foundations for sustainable natural resource management and equitable distribution. This article concludes that the integration of Islamic studies and environmental science offers a comprehensive and relevant ecological paradigm to address environmental challenges in the modern era.

Judicial sentencing through court judgments often does not align with the ideal objectives of sentencing itself, especially in cases involving corruption crimes. Judgment Number 26/Pid.Sus-TPK/2024/Pn Amb serves as an example of the disparity between the prosecutor's sentence recommendation and the final verdict delivered by the judge. In this case, the prosecutor demanded a seven-year prison sentence, while the judge sentenced the defendant to only two years and six months, with the mitigating consideration that the defendant did not personally benefit from the state's financial loss. Therefore, the writer conducts an analytical review of this judgment through a criminological perspective and judicial reasoning. The analysis of Judgment Number 26/Pid.Sus-TPK/2024/Pn Amb is intended to assess how well the judgment fulfills the ideal function of law.

Semantics is a branch of linguistics that studies meaning in language, both at the word, phrase, and sentence levels. This study covers the relationship between linguistic signs and the meaning they contain and their implications for human understanding. This study aims to describe (1) the definition of semantics according to experts, (2) types of meaning in Indonesian, (3) forms of meaning change, and (4) the phenomena of ambiguity, homonyms, homophones, and homographs along with examples. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method, namely examining various sources of literature such as books, journals, and scientific articles that are relevant to the study of semantics. The results of the study show that the types of meaning in Indonesian include lexical, grammatical, referential, non-referential, denotative, and connotative meanings. Changes in meaning are divided into generalization, specialization, amelioration, pejoration, and associative. In addition, linguistic phenomena such as ambiguity (double meanings due to sentence structure), homonyms (words with the same pronunciation and spelling, different meanings), homophones (same pronunciation, different spelling and meanings), and homographs (same spelling, different pronunciation and meanings) were also found.  

This study aims to examine the use of active and passive sentences in the Bahasa Indonesia: Aku Bisa! textbook used in Grade 1 of elementary school under the Merdeka Curriculum. Textbooks play an important role in the learning process, particularly as examples of proper and correct language use for students. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using documentation techniques to identify and analyze sentence structures based on appropriate linguistic rules. The main focus of the study is to reveal the forms of active and passive sentences used, and to assess their accuracy in terms of structure and appropriateness for young learners' language development. The findings show that some sentences are structurally inaccurate, overly complex, or misaligned with the cognitive development of first-grade students. Such issues can hinder students' understanding of the learning material. Therefore, editing is necessary to simplify and correct sentence structures so that they are more communicative and easier to understand. This study emphasizes the importance of the editing process in textbook development to ensure high linguistic quality, support effective learning, and align with the principles of the student-centered Merdeka Curriculum.

Restoration for victims of criminal acts is an essential aspect of the judicial system that is often overlooked. Law enforcement efforts tend to focus on perpetrators, while victims' rights, including physical, psychological, and financial recovery, remain neglected. The case of Een's murder and arson serves as an example where restitution and compensation rights were not clearly accommodated in legal proceedings. This article aims to examine the legal procedures available to victims or their families in obtaining restoration rights. The discussion includes criminal law aspects such as restitution and compensation based on Law No. 13 of 2006 jo. Law No. 31 of 2014 on Witness and Victim Protection, as well as the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). Additionally, this article highlights the civil law route through lawsuits based on Article 1365 of the Civil Code regarding unlawful acts (KUHAPER). With a normative juridical approach and internship experience at the Legal Consultation and Assistance Clinic of Trunojoyo Madura University, this article is expected to contribute to strengthening victims' rights within the Indonesian legal system through the available legal avenues, both criminal and civil.

This study aims to analyze the forms of learning difficulties experienced by students in understanding the path independence theorem in the Vector Calculus course. The focus of the research is a group of students who had previously presented this material in class. Data were collected through a questionnaire containing both open- and close-ended questions to explore conceptual understanding, difficulties in distinguishing between conservative and non-conservative fields, and challenges in solving application problems. The analysis revealed that although students reported having a fair grasp of the basic concepts, they still expressed uncertainty in understanding the relationship between path independence and the conditions for conservative fields. Difficulties were also found in spatial visualization and in connecting concepts with the fundamental theorem of calculus. In addition, students showed a preference for worked example problem sets and visual learning media as the most effective learning supports. These findings indicate the need for an interactive, contextual, and visually supported instructional approach to enhance students’ conceptual understanding and application skills related to this topic.

This study aims to determine students' understanding of Islamic Religious Education (IRE) material and its implications for the ease of practicing religious values among students at SMP Negeri 3 Limboto Barat. The approach used in this study is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that students' understanding of IRE material is quite good, particularly in aspects of worship they experience in their daily lives, such as prayer and fasting. IRC teachers play a central role in the learning process by applying interactive methods, hands-on practice, and setting a good example. The implications of this understanding are evident in students' practice of religious values, such as increased awareness of performing Dhuha prayer and congregational prayer voluntarily, as well as their active participation in religious activities at school. Supporting factors in PAI learning include the role of teachers as role models, adequate school facilities, and parental involvement. The inhibiting factors are time constraints, differences in students' learning styles, and a lack of support from the environment outside of school. However, teachers are able to overcome these obstacles with creative and adaptive learning strategies.

The purpose of this activity is to increase the creativity and economic independence of PKK mothers in Dusun II, Donohudan Village through aromatherapy candle making training. One of the problems faced is limited access to information, training, and entrepreneurial knowledge that limits the development of the economic potential of women in rural areas. The approach taken is through training that prioritizes direct practice, which includes the theory and method of making aromatherapy candles, with an emphasis on creativity and innovation. The results of this training show that all participants are actively involved and demonstrate the ability to understand and apply all steps in the candle making process, which produces varied and unique products. This training model can be recommended for women's empowerment in other locations and can be an example in the development of a creative economy based on local skills.

Training in creating animated characters using the Scratch application serves as an introduction to block-based programming fundamentals that are simple, easy to operate, interactive, and engaging. This training offers promising competency outcomes, as students can further develop their skills through animated stories, games, or presentations. Since 2018, the Ministry of Education and Culture has promoted the integration of informatics education into the 2013 curriculum, including computational thinking skills, which are essential for both current and future generations. The partner for this community service training activity is the students of MTs Pembangunan Nurul Islam, located in Sarimulya, Setu, South Tangerang. This initiative is a tangible step toward implementing informatics learning through the introduction of block-based programming fundamentals. The training involved stages of introduction, instruction, and guidance in using the application. Based on observations and discussions with the partner school, several issues were identified in learning Information and Communication Technology (ICT). One of the causes is students’ lack of awareness of the importance of learning programming fundamentals, coupled with the stigma that programming is difficult, uninteresting, and boring. To address both technical and management issues, the proposed solutions in this community service program include: first, facilitating and providing guidance on the use of the Scratch application for MTs students, with the hope that they will understand basic programming without fear or difficulty. Second, offering engaging, interactive, simple, and easy-to-understand lessons on basic programming using Scratch, by providing example projects such as creating animated characters. The training program was implemented smoothly, and all participating students enthusiastically followed each stage of the training. Their motivation was encouraged to become familiar with programming, increasing their interest, understanding, and confidence in basic programming skills. The ultimate goal is to foster students' interest, knowledge, and skills while boosting their self-confidence in ICT learning, particularly in basic programming.