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In the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0, digital technology is developing rapidly. This has prompted the world of education to make major changes in learning methods, including in Islamic Religious Education (PAI). Until now, PAI has used outdated methods. These methods are inadequate to meet the needs of children who are accustomed to technology. Therefore, there is a need for technology integration in the learning process. This study aims to determine how to use E-Learning, Learning Management Systems (LMS), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in PAI learning. This study also aims to determine the benefits, challenges, and strategies for implementing these technologies. This study used a qualitative approach with a literature review type. Data were obtained from various sources, such as books, scientific articles, journals, and relevant documents. The results show that the use of E-Learning, LMS, and AI can improve the quality of PAI learning. E-Learning makes learning easier and more flexible. LMS helps manage learning more systematically. AI helps make learning more personalized and tailored to students' needs. However, the implementation of these technologies still faces several challenges, such as limited infrastructure and low digital skills of teachers and students. Therefore, a strategy is needed to address these challenges. This strategy includes enhancing digital capabilities, strengthening technological infrastructure, developing innovative learning media, and monitoring the use of technology based on Islamic values. This will ensure optimal integration of technology into Islamic Religious Education learning.

Job analysis is a key component of human resource management that plays a role in determining the tasks, responsibilities, and competencies required for a particular job. In various organizations, job analysis serves as the foundation for HR planning, recruitment, selection, employee placement, and performance evaluation. However, research on job analysis remains scattered across various studies focused on specific organizational contexts, necessitating a literature synthesis to gain a more comprehensive understanding of research developments in this field. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the development of research on job analysis and identify its role and contributions to human resource management. This study employed a literature review method by searching for scientific articles in the Google Scholar database using the Publish or Perish (PoP) application with the keyword “job analysis.” The initial search yielded 30 scientific articles, which were then screened based on topic relevance, open access, and publication years ranging from 2020-2026, resulting in 16 articles selected for further analysis. The findings indicate that the literature on job analysis can be grouped into three main themes: the role of job analysis in human resource management, its contribution to improving employee performance and productivity, and its implementation in employee placement and organizational governance. Overall, job analysis has proven to be a strategic tool for enhancing the effectiveness of human resource management. Further research is recommended to examine the implementation of job analysis in greater depth across various organizational contexts to enrich the development of human resource management theory and practice.

This study discusses the role of Islamic educational philosophy in guiding the transformation of pesantren education in the modern era. Islamic education in Indonesia plays an important role in shaping students’ character, spirituality, and intellectual abilities, with pesantren as one of the oldest institutions that preserve Islamic values. However, the rapid development of globalization and technology requires pesantren to adapt without losing their identity. This research aims to explain how Islamic educational philosophy becomes the foundation for transformation and to identify forms of change that are relevant to current challenges. The study uses a qualitative approach through a literature review, collecting data from journals and other relevant sources. Data are analyzed using content analysis by organizing and comparing findings from different studies. The results show that pesantren transformation occurs through a selective adaptation process, combining traditional values such as moral education, spirituality, and classical learning with modern elements like curriculum integration, interactive learning methods, and digital technology. Some challenges still exist, including limited facilities, unequal access to technology, and the need to improve teacher competence. Islamic educational philosophy helps maintain balance between intellectual, spiritual, and moral aspects so that modernization does not eliminate pesantren identity.

Management psychology plays a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness of educational organizational management, particularly in understanding individual behavior, work motivation, leadership, and communication within the educational environment. The dynamic development of educational institutions requires a managerial approach that focuses not only on administrative aspects but also on the psychological aspects of the human resources involved. Therefore, the study of management psychology in education is essential to understand how this approach can support improvements in educational quality. This study aims to review and synthesize various studies on the application of management psychology in educational contexts and identify emerging research trends. The research questions posed are: (1) What are the trends and focuses of research on management psychology in education? and (2) What is the role of management psychology in improving the effectiveness of educational institution management? This study is expected to provide insights into how management psychology can be applied to enhance managerial performance and quality in education.

This study aims to systematically analyze the literature on the implementation of external evaluation systems and accreditation management in improving the quality of Islamic education. It also seeks to provide a more comprehensive understanding of best practices that can be applied by Islamic educational institutions in responding to increasingly complex quality demands. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) approach, this study identifies themes, strategies, and challenges found in previous studies. Articles were identified from Google Scholar, Garuda, and ScienceDirect databases within the 2012–2024 period. The selection process involved a step-by-step screening of titles and abstracts, resulting in 15 main articles for further in-depth review. The findings indicate that external evaluation functions as a strategic instrument to enhance accountability, transparency, and quality control in educational institutions. Key themes identified include the importance of a Total Quality Management (TQM) culture, the strategic role of Management Information Systems (MIS) in data governance, and the gap between administrative compliance and substantive quality improvement. This study concludes that effective accreditation management requires a shift from a bureaucratic approach toward a culture of continuous improvement integrated with Islamic values and oriented toward overall educational quality enhancement.

The development of digital media has transformed Islamic da’wah into a digitally mediated form of religious communication, reshaping structures of authority, engagement, and community formation. However, existing research remains fragmented and lacks a comprehensive structural map. This study conducted a Systematic Literature Network Analysis (SLNA) of Scopus-indexed publications on Islamic da’wah via digital platforms from 2016 to 2026. Using PRISMA-based screening techniques and bibliometric methods—including co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence analyses with VOSviewer—the study analyzed 74 peer-reviewed journal articles. The results indicate a significant increase in the number of publications, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic. The field is structured around four main themes: platform-based engagement strategies, youth identity formation, digital authority and ethics, and the adaptation of prophetic communication principles to the online context. Although Indonesia and Malaysia dominate the research output, the collaborative network remains relatively dispersed. New topics such as the influence of algorithms and AI-supported da‘wah suggest an expansion toward interdisciplinary directions. This study provides the first comprehensive map based on Scopus for research on Islamic digital da‘wah and offers a foundation for future theoretical and empirical development.

The debate concerning the relationship between faith (īmān) and deeds (ʿamal) constitutes one of the central issues in the history of Islamic theology, generating diverse perspectives among theological schools. This study aims to comparatively analyze the epistemology of deeds in three classical Islamic theological traditions: Khawarij, Murji’ah, and Ahlussunnah. The research employs a qualitative approach using the integrative literature review method, examining classical works of ʿilm al-kalām alongside contemporary academic studies. The data were analyzed through data reduction, thematic categorization, and comparative analysis to identify differences in the epistemological frameworks used to understand the relationship between faith and deeds. The findings indicate that the Khawarij developed a textual–legalistic epistemology that considers deeds an essential component of faith, thereby viewing perpetrators of major sins as having exited the state of faith. In contrast, the Murji’ah developed a theological–rational epistemology that separates faith from deeds and postpones judgment regarding major sinners to God’s ultimate decision. Meanwhile, Ahlussunnah formulated an integrative epistemology that combines belief in the heart, verbal affirmation, and deeds within the structure of faith without declaring major sinners as unbelievers. This study highlights that differences in the concept of deeds in Islamic theology are not merely doctrinal but also reflect distinct epistemological frameworks in interpreting religious sources. The findings contribute conceptually to the study of ʿilm al-kalām by offering a comparative mapping of the epistemology of deeds across three major theological traditions in Islam.

This study aims to analyze the fundamental role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in shaping the noble character of students using a qualitative approach through literature review techniques. Data were collected from various scientific sources published between 2020 and 2026 and analyzed using content analysis methods, which included stages of reduction, categorization, and conceptual synthesis. The main focus of this study is to examine how PAI teachers integrate the values of tawhid and worship into the daily behavior of students, so that religious education does not merely remain at the cognitive level but manifests in noble character. The findings indicate that PAI teachers play a strategic role as murabbi, mu’allim, and muaddib, whose success is determined by the integration of pedagogical, professional, social, personality, and spiritual competencies. Amid the dynamic challenges of the digital era, teachers are required to revitalize their roles not only as educators but also as moral exemplars (uswatun hasanah) and agents of character transformation. The synergy between teachers' competencies and consistent exemplification is the key to safeguarding the students' morality and fostering a resilient personality in the school environment.

Islamic education in the digital era faces significant challenges in improving the quality of learning and developing students' critical thinking skills. One promising solution is the implementation of deep learning-based Islamic education, which can facilitate the teaching of religious material more effectively and easily accessible via the internet. Deep learning has the potential to strengthen students' critical thinking skills and understanding of Islamic values ​​in a more interactive and personalized manner. This study used a literature review method to analyze various relevant literature sources. The results indicate that deep learning can increase student engagement, enable personalized learning, and provide real-time evaluation of learning progress. However, the implementation of this technology also faces challenges, particularly related to the availability and quality of relevant data. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve data quality and develop learning models tailored to student needs to achieve optimal results in technology-based Islamic education.

Islamic educational institutions face various challenges in human resource management, such as internal conflicts, low work motivation, and suboptimal performance of educators. These issues impact the effectiveness of institutions in achieving educational goals. This article aims to analyze how the synergy between conflict management and work motivation can improve human resource performance in Islamic educational institutions based on Islamic values. The issues examined include how conflict management and motivation contribute to performance improvement, as well as how Islamic values can be used as a basis for their management. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various relevant literature from journals, books, and previous research results. The results of the study show that conflicts that are managed constructively and motivation that is built on the basis of Islamic spiritual values can create a productive and sustainable work culture. The synergistic integration of the two can encourage an improvement in work ethic, teamwork, and the quality of educational services. This article provides a theoretical contribution to the development of HR management strategies in Islamic educational institutions based on Sharia values.

The axiology of science is a branch of the philosophy of science that examines the values, goals, and orientations of scientific knowledge utilization. This article aims to philosophically analyze the concept of the axiology of science from Western and Islamic perspectives, highlighting their fundamental similarities and differences. This research employs a qualitative method, employing a literature review approach with descriptive-analytical and comparative methods. The results of the study indicate that in the Western philosophical tradition, the axiology of science has developed historically, from the search for the highest good in classical times to the tendency towards value relativism in the modern and postmodern eras, with human rationality as the center of value determination. Meanwhile, the axiology of science in Islam is rooted in monotheism as a metaphysical foundation, with revelation as the primary source of values ​​and reason serving as an interpretive instrument. Despite paradigmatic differences, both traditions affirm that science cannot be separated from moral dimensions and ethical responsibility. This article concludes that dialogue between Western and Islamic axiology is essential for building a scientific paradigm that is not only rational and progressive, but also moral, just, and oriented towards the welfare of humanity.

Customer satisfaction is a central issue in marketing management, as it plays a crucial role in determining customer loyalty amid increasingly intense business competition. A comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing customer satisfaction is essential not only for academics in strengthening marketing theory but also for practitioners in designing effective service and product strategies. This article aims to address two research questions: (1) what are the dominant factors influencing customer satisfaction, and (2) how does customer satisfaction relate to customer loyalty? The study employed a qualitative literature review method. The data consisted of scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025, accessed through Google Scholar and Publish or Perish (PoP) using the keyword “customer satisfaction.” From an initial selection of 30 articles, 27 were identified as relevant, and 5 core articles were further analyzed. The findings reveal three main themes: product and service quality as the dominant determinants of customer satisfaction; price, brand image, and promotion as supporting factors; and customer trust as an important mediating variable in building loyalty. This study concludes that customer satisfaction serves as a strategic link between service quality and customer loyalty. Future research is encouraged to explore the roles of digitalization, customer experience, and sustainability in shaping long-term customer satisfaction.

This study analyzes the role of Islamic leadership in enhancing educational innovation through the integration of managerial, spiritual, and collaborative values ​​in Islamic schools. Using a qualitative literature review method, this study investigates how principals can apply the principles of amanah (trust) and ithqan (trustworthiness) as a basis for professional and ethical management. The results indicate that effective leadership in madrasas requires a balance between spiritual values, managerial competencies, and a collaborative culture that supports educational excellence. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of educational supervision as a strategy for maintaining innovation and continuous improvement in Islamic educational institutions. An Islamic leadership approach that prioritizes integrity, professionalism, and knowledge sharing will foster an innovative and productive environment. Principals, as leaders, are not only responsible for academic success but must also be able to build a harmonious work climate, prioritize ethics, and continuously encourage positive changes in the learning process. Thus, this study contributes to the development of relevant leadership models in the context of Islamic education.

This study aims to analyze the comprehensive relationship between selection, placement, career development, and employee well-being within the perspective of organizational psychology. Human resources (HR) are the central driver of organizational success, yet many institutions, including Islamic educational institutions, still face challenges in professional HR management. This research employs a library research method with a descriptive-comparative analysis approach, reviewing relevant scientific literature and empirical reports. The findings indicate that these four aspects form an integrated unit; effective selection based on person-organization fit provides quality candidates, appropriate placement optimizes potential, structured career development maintains motivation, and holistic well-being ensures loyalty and productivity. The study concludes that organizational success is heavily dependent on the synergy of these four components managed through an organizational psychology approach, rather than being treated as separate administrative functions.

Modern education focuses not only on sharing knowledge but also plays a crucial role in shaping students' character and ethics. This study explores the role of ethics as the foundation of teacher-student relationships, the moral challenges of the digital age, and character education strategies as solutions. Using literature review and conceptual analysis, the study found that values ​​such as honesty, responsibility, politeness, and mutual respect are key to creating harmonious interactions in the learning environment. On the other hand, technological advances and cultural changes present challenges in the form of decreased empathy and the misuse of social media. Therefore, character education based on teacher role models, collaboration, and humanistic discipline needs to be developed. The study's findings emphasize the importance of balancing digital advancements with moral development in realizing ethical and civilized education. The study also reveals that, despite significant challenges facing educators in the digital age, they can utilize technology to support better character formation through an educational model that emphasizes ethics. The role of families and communities is also crucial in supporting this character education, fostering synergy between all parties in creating a generation with noble character.

This research aims to respond to the complex challenges of the digital era, where students are not only required to develop scientific thinking skills but also to strengthen ethics and character as the primary basis for filtering information and acting wisely in cyberspace. Rapid technological developments are often not directly proportional to the mastery of moral literacy, so the application of Islamic ethical values ​​is crucial to create a balance between intellectual intelligence and good morals. This research aims to examine how combining scientific thinking with Islamic ethics can strengthen students' character, while also identifying effective implementation approaches in contemporary learning environments. The method used is a literature study with descriptive qualitative analysis, involving the review of various literature sources related to scientific thinking, character education, and Islamic ethical principles. The results show that the collaboration between systematic, critical, and objective scientific thinking processes with Islamic ethical values ​​such as honesty, responsibility, and politeness can shape students' mindsets and behaviors that are more moderate, responsible, and ethical in the use of technology. This integration also improves students' ability to carefully assess digital information, make appropriate moral decisions, and avoid deviations in cyberspace. In terms of implications, this research emphasizes the need to develop a curriculum and teaching strategies that structuredly combine cognitive and affective aspects, so that schools can produce a generation that is not only academically superior, but also has a strong, adaptive character and noble morals amidst the unstoppable wave of digital technology development.

This study examines the concept of repentance (taubah) as the foundation of moral pedagogy through a thematic interpretation approach to the Hadith Qudsi and classical and contemporary Islamic scholarly literature. The study employed a qualitative method based on literature review, examining the meaning, values, and educational implications of the teachings of repentance. The results of the study indicate that repentance is not merely understood as a spiritual act of seeking forgiveness, but as a holistic educational process. This process encompasses self-awareness (ma'rifah) of mistakes, deep regret (nadam), a strong determination not to repeat them ('azm), and concrete behavioral change ('amal). From an Islamic educational perspective, the values ​​of repentance play a crucial role in fostering moral responsibility, self-reflection, the habituation of good deeds, and a commitment to continuous self-improvement. The integration of repentance values ​​into learning can be realized through a character-based curriculum, reflective methods, strengthening worship practices, and moral development. Thus, repentance becomes an essential instrument in shaping a perfect human being who is faithful, has noble character, and possesses social awareness.     Kata kunci: Taubat, Hadis Qudsi, Pedagogi Moral, Pendidikan Islam, dan karakter.

Improving the quality of education has become a crucial issue in the era of globalization, marked by increasing competition between institutions and public expectations for superior educational services. Integrated Quality Management (TQM) emerges as a strategic approach to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction of various educational stakeholders. This study aims to review the development of studies related to TQM implementation in education through a qualitative literature review. Data were collected from scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025 using Google Scholar and Publish or Perish with the keywords "TQM implementation in education." From the initial 30 articles, five of the most relevant main articles were selected. The analysis revealed three main themes: (a) the application of TQM to strengthen institutional resilience, (b) the integration of Islamic values ​​in quality management, and (c) the challenges and opportunities of TQM in vocational education. This study concluded that the stakeholder satisfaction dimension remains underexplored and requires further empirical research.

Scientific writing plays an important role in developing knowledge and shaping the intellectual character of students. Through academic writing, students not only learn to organize ideas systematically but are also trained to think critically, analytically, and reflectively. This study employs a literature review method to examine the concepts, processes, and originality of scientific work based on academic theories and established scholarly standards. The findings indicate that writing scientific papers is not merely an academic requirement but also a reflection of logical, objective, and ethical thinking. A high-quality scientific work must demonstrate originality, intellectual honesty, and the proper application of scientific methods—from problem formulation and data collection to analysis and conclusion. In addition, scientific writing should contribute to the development of knowledge and offer solutions to current issues in society. Therefore, higher education institutions need to strengthen students’ scientific literacy, academic writing skills, and understanding of research ethics. These efforts are essential for fostering an academic culture that upholds integrity, encourages innovation, and prepares young scholars to become responsible and competitive individuals.

Customer satisfaction and loyalty are central issues in marketing management, as both play crucial roles in ensuring business sustainability amid increasing competition. Satisfied customers tend to make repeat purchases, provide positive recommendations, and build long-term relationships with the company. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence customer satisfaction and loyalty has become an important agenda for both academics and practitioners. This study aims to address two main questions: (1) What factors influence customer satisfaction? and (2) How does satisfaction contribute to the formation of customer loyalty? The method used is a literature review, selecting articles from various online databases such as ResearchGate, Academia, and open-access journals using the keywords customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Of the 45 identified articles, 20 were selected for in-depth analysis. The review results reveal three main trends: first, service and product quality are the most consistent determinants of satisfaction; second, price, promotion, and brand image play significant roles; and third, customer trust is an essential variable that strengthens the satisfaction–loyalty relationship. Overall, satisfaction functions as the main mediating variable in the formation of customer loyalty.