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This study aims to analyze environmentally based science learning as an effort to enhance ecological awareness among elementary/Islamic elementary school (SD/MI) students through a literature review approach. The method employed is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by examining reputable scientific articles published between 2020 and 2026. Data were collected through documentation, with literature selected using purposive sampling based on topic relevance, while data analysis utilized content analysis techniques to identify patterns, characteristics, and key findings across studies. The results indicate that environmentally based science learning is characterized by the integration of scientific concepts with real environmental contexts, the use of contextual approaches, and the application of active learning models such as problem-based learning, project-based learning, and inquiry learning. This approach has been proven to play a significant role in enhancing students’ ecological awareness, including knowledge, attitudes, and environmentally responsible behaviors. However, its implementation still faces several challenges, such as limited facilities, teacher competencies, and suboptimal integration into the curriculum. Additionally, research gaps remain, particularly regarding the lack of studies examining long-term impacts on students’ ecological behavior. Therefore, more innovative learning strategies and more comprehensive future research are needed.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the experimental method in teaching Natural Science at the elementary school level. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using a pretest-posttest control group was applied. The sample consisted of an experimental group taught using the experimental method and a control group taught using conventional methods. Data were collected through tests, observations, and documentation, and analyzed using t-tests and N-Gain calculations. The results show that the experimental method is more effective in improving students’ activeness, conceptual understanding, and learning outcomes compared to conventional methods. Students actively participated in experiments, discussions, and observations, making learning more meaningful. However, variations in improvement were influenced by students’ initial ability, interest, and participation, as well as supporting factors such as teacher readiness and facility availability. In conclusion, the experimental method is effective for science learning in elementary schools when supported by proper planning and adequate resources.

Classroom Action Research (CAR) is a widely used approach to improve teaching practices through iterative cycles of planning, action, observation, and reflection. Despite its popularity, many studies report methodological weaknesses, particularly in ensuring coherence between research problem formulation, objectives, and success indicators. This study aims to examine the alignment among these three key components in CAR studies using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. Data were collected from peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis Online, ERIC, and Google Scholar, published between 2015 and 2025. The study selection followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, including identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and final inclusion of relevant studies. A qualitative thematic synthesis was applied to analyze patterns in the relationship between problem formulation, research objectives, and success indicators. The findings show that CAR problem formulations are generally contextual and based on classroom issues, while research objectives function as operational translations of these problems. Success indicators are used as measurable criteria to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions. However, inconsistencies are still found in several studies, such as misalignment between objectives and problems or poorly defined success indicators. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of conceptual coherence to improve the quality and credibility of CAR research designs.

Students' success in mastering Natural and Social Sciences competencies is often hampered by misconceptions that go undetected by teachers. Misunderstandings of basic ecosystem concepts risk hindering mastery of more complex material at the next level. This study aims to analyze students' misconceptions on ecosystems using a more accurate diagnostic instrument than conventional tests. This study was conducted at Growong Kidul 02 elementary school using a quantitative descriptive approach. The main instrument used was the Four Tier Diagnostic Test, designed to measure students' answers, their level of confidence in their answers, their reasons, and their level of confidence in their reasons. The results revealed that the use of the four-tier diagnostic test effectively differentiated students' understanding categories between those who understood the concept, those who did not understand it, and those who had misconceptions. Based on the analysis, a significant prevalence of misconceptions was found in the indicators of interactions between ecosystem components and energy flow. These findings prove that the four-tier diagnostic method provides more detailed information about students' cognitive structure than conventional multiple-choice tests. The implications of this research emphasize the importance for educators of implementing regular diagnostic assessments as a foundation for designing appropriate remedial learning strategies. By identifying the root causes of misconceptions, teachers can provide more targeted instructional interventions to optimally improve students' conceptual understanding.  

This study aims to describe the application of the Project Based Learning (PJBL) learning model in improving the understanding of the concept of changes in the state of matter in Elementary School students. The background of this study is based on the low understanding of students on the material of changes in the state of matter, which can have an impact on the weak mastery of scientific concepts as a whole. The method used is qualitative research with a library research approach, where data is collected through analysis of various scientific literature, journals, and relevant academic sources. The results of the study indicate that PJBL is a learning model that emphasizes the active involvement of students in real projects, from designing, implementing, to presenting the results. The application of PJBL in the topic of changes in the state of matter encourages students to experience scientific processes such as melting, evaporating, freezing, and condensing directly through simple experiments. PJBL not only improves students' conceptual understanding, but also develops science process skills, critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and responsibility. In its implementation, PJBL follows certain stages starting from determining essential questions to reflection. Despite facing several challenges such as limited time, facilities, and teacher readiness, solutions can be sought through effective planning and professional training. Thus, PJBL has proven to be the right approach in improving the quality of science learning in elementary schools, especially in strengthening students' understanding of the concept of changes in the state of objects in a comprehensive and meaningful manner.

This study aims to examine the application of interactive multimedia in improving students' understanding of the concept of science and natural sciences on living things in grade III of elementary school. The method used is a literature study by analyzing various scientific journals, articles, and related documents. Data analysis was carried out using the Miles and Huberman model which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that interactive multimedia makes a significant contribution in helping students understand abstract living things. This media presents information visually and verbally through images, sound, video, and animation, thereby increasing student involvement both cognitively and emotionally. The use of interactive multimedia also encourages active and scientific learning approaches such as observing, asking, and trying, which are in accordance with the cognitive development stage of elementary school students. Various studies have shown that the use of interactive multimedia improves learning outcomes by up to 25% compared to conventional methods. The main obstacle in its implementation is the limited facilities and ability of teachers to operate technology, but this can be overcome with training and support from various parties. In conclusion, interactive multimedia is effective as a learning aid to strengthen the understanding of science and natural sciences concepts, and is very relevant to the demands of 21st century learning which requires innovation, collaboration, and optimal use of technology in the classroom.

Learning Social Sciences (IPS) in Indonesia is still dominated by conventional methods based on memorization, so students often have difficulty connecting material with real life. Various studies have proposed learning innovations, but their implementation is still limited and poorly evaluated in the context of Merdeka Belajar. This research focuses on the implementation of social studies learning innovations at SDS Islam Ulul Albab which combines the role play method, the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) type cooperative learning model, and the use of audiovisual technology through Smart TV. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of innovative methods in improving students' conceptual understanding without having to memorize. Using a qualitative approach with a field research method, data was collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The results showed that the role-playing method helped students understand social studies material through hands-on experience, while the TGT model increased students' participation and learning motivation through fun academic competition. In addition, the use of audiovisuals provides a more interesting learning experience and makes it easier for students to understand abstract social studies concepts. In conclusion, this learning innovation is effective in improving students' understanding conceptually, aligns with the principles of Merdeka Belajar, and has the potential to become a learning model that can be used to improve students' understanding of social studies.    

The Merdeka Curriculum is a new educational framework in Indonesia that emphasizes student-centered learning, flexibility, and contextual understanding. This literature review aims to explore the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in the teaching of Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) at the elementary school level. Several studies show that project-based learning approaches can enhance students' critical thinking and collaboration skills. However, challenges such as limited teaching resources, lack of teacher readiness, and misunderstanding of the curriculum structure are still prevalent. This review also identifies several efforts made to address these issues, including continuous professional development for teachers, collaborative learning communities, and school leadership support. The findings suggest that successful implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in IPAS requires a comprehensive and collaborative effort from educators and stakeholders.

This article aims to explore the importance of contextual learning in improving elementary students' understanding of scientific concepts through a literature review method. The analysis of various sources reveals that the contextual approach enhances students’ learning motivation, active engagement, and conceptual understanding. Learning linked to everyday experiences allows students to construct deeper and more sustainable meanings. Moreover, real-world contexts help develop students' critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Literature studies indicate that integrating contextual approaches into science learning creates a more meaningful and enjoyable learning environment. Previous research also demonstrates improved student achievement in science when contextual learning is applied consistently and systematically. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers design instructional strategies based on local and relevant contexts. In conclusion, contextual learning significantly contributes to enhancing elementary students' understanding of science concepts and deserves to be a primary approach in the basic education curriculum.

Mastery of science and technology is a must in facing the era of globalization. This requires various parties to be able to develop capabilities related to the development of capabilities in the field of technology. In the field of education, one of the educational breakthroughs in Indonesia that seeks to develop humans who can create a science and technology-based economy is STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) learning. This study aims to describe STEAM as an alternative to learning mathematics in SD in the 21st century. This study uses a literature review method. The library study method is a critical study of the discussion of a topic that has been written by researchers or scientists in various sources in the form of books, journals, ebooks, or other scientific articles. The results of this study indicate that it is very important to use learning methods and media in the world of education to support teaching and learning activities, especially at the SD level. STEAM is one of the methods that can be used in learning but it is undeniable that this method cannot be applied in all school circles. Schools that have been able to use this method are those that are well-coordinated. Therefore, we really hope that this STEAM method can be implemented in all school circles which also indicates that our education is developing to be better every day.

This research discusses the analysis of students' learning difficulties in understanding cube building material. Mathematics is a basic science that must be studied from an early age because it is closely related to other sciences in order to advance to the next level. The research was created to solve students' learning difficulties at SD Negeri 104208 Cinta Rakyat. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. The results obtained are that students still lack understanding of the material that has been presented by the teacher in the process of teaching and learning activities, there are many students who do not understand the material explained by the teacher. It can be seen that students' learning difficulties are also determined by low interest in learning and Lack of understanding of the material taught. Several factors include disinterest in mathematics and ineffective use of learning media. This research suggests that schools are expected to innovate in the use of learning media and learning methods that are changed and adapted to students' learning needs and interests.

Natural Sciences (IPA) are the knowledge of nature, including living things, dead objects, and processes that occur around it. Natural science is a branch of science that is very broad and includes physics, chemistry, biology, and the science of Earth and Space. This study aims to explore the importance of natural science (IPA) in basic education, focusing on developing scientific skills and understanding of natural phenomena. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. This approach aims to describe the phenomena that occur in science learning and analyze their effectiveness in increasing student understanding. The results showed that IPA learning has an important role in student daily lives. With an interdisciplinary approach that includes physics, chemistry, biology, and earth and space science, from the four IPA fields allow students to develop critical thinking skills and problem solving needed to face global challenges. Thus, natural science is very important in everyday life and also in understanding the relationship between humans and nature. Through a deep understanding of natural science, we can better appreciate the beauty of nature and play an active role in maintaining its sustainability for future generations.

This article discusses the importance of Knowledge and Natural Science in elementary schools as a foundation for developing students' character and skills. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method to explore teachers' experiences in teaching science, the challenges faced, and the strategies implemented to improve students' understanding. The results of the study indicate that an approach involving real-world experiences and technology can strengthen the understanding of scientific concepts. In addition, this article provides recommendations for teacher professional development to improve the quality of science education in elementary schools.  

Attractive teaching methods and materials in the 21st century are very necessary to increase students' active role and interest in learning. One approach that has been integrated is the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) learning model. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of implementing a STEM learning model based on Project-Based Learning (PjBL) in increasing students' understanding of the human respiratory system. The research method used was experimental, with practicum related to the dangers of smoking as part of the learning implementation. The research subjects involved 23 grade 8 students at SMP Muhammadiyah 10 Bandung. The experimental class was given PjBL-based STEM learning with an interactive practicum approach. The research results showed a significant increase in understanding in the experimental class based on pretest and posttest analysis using statistical tests. This research reveals that this approach is effective in increasing student engagement, facilitating holistic understanding of concepts, and motivating students to think critically about the negative impacts of smoking on the respiratory system. Hands-on experimental activities also strengthen the connection between theory and practice. Thus, the application of the PjBL-based STEM learning model through practicum on the dangers of smoking has proven to be effective in increasing students' understanding of the respiratory system. This research recommends using a similar model in the curriculum to optimize student learning outcomes, especially in the field of science.

This study aims to analyze the impact of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on the learning outcomes of intellectually disabled 11th-grade students at SLB Negeri Sukapura, Kiaracondong District, Bandung City, in science subjects. The study involved two students with IQ ranges between 40-67. A collaborative approach was used, involving researchers and teachers to observe students' activities during problem-based learning sessions. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and learning outcome tests. The results indicated that implementing PBL positively influenced students' engagement and understanding, particularly among students with higher IQs. However, challenges persisted for students with lower IQs, requiring adjusted teaching methods for greater effectiveness. The application of PBL demonstrated an average improvement in learning outcomes, although some students did not meet the minimum mastery criteria. This study suggests further enhancements in the implementation of PBL to optimize learning experiences for intellectually disabled students.

Ethnomathematics studies how mathematics interacts with culture, traditions, and customs of society. With ulos as its identity, this study will investigate one of the Indonesian tribes through its art, namely Ulos art by the Batak tribe of North Sumatra. The form of the Batak ulos variety can be associated with geometric mathematics, so that mathematics can be studied culturally in ethnomathematics studies by integrating the introduction and instillation of culture in the mathematical concepts taught. This research was collected from literature or libraries using a qualitative approach. This study aims to study the concept of geometry in the patterns of North Sumatran ulos cloth from an ethnomathematics perspective. Research shows that science and culture cannot be separated. Batak ulos is not just a traditional cloth; it is also a representation of the hierarchy of cultural values ​​maintained by the Batak people.

The use of practical methods in teaching material on changes in the states of matter is very effective in helping students understand these concepts in more depth. Through practicum, students can directly observe how a substance changes form under certain conditions, such as temperature or pressure, this strengthens theoretical understanding with practical experience. Using practical methods in teaching changes in the states of matter, students not only understand theoretical concepts but also see their application in real life. This can help build a more holistic and in-depth understanding of the material studied. The practicum method encourages students to be more active and participate in the learning process. Class observations showed that 85% of students were more engaged and enthusiastic during practicum sessions compared to conventional learning. They often ask questions, discuss and try to understand the material through direct experiments. Students are trained to make careful and systematic observations of changes in the state of substances. The evaluation results show an increase in these skills by 25% after implementing the practicum method. The application of practicum methods in learning science and material regarding changes in the states of substances in class IV has proven to be effective in improving various aspects of learning. This method succeeded in increasing conceptual understanding, science process skills, student activity and participation, academic performance, and learning motivation. Students involved in practicum activities showed a significant increase in understanding the concept of changes in the states of matter, as shown by an increase in the average score of 30%.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the interactive learning model based on Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) on student learning outcomes in science subjects for second-grade elementary school students, particularly on the topic of recognizing plants as living organisms. The research method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Literature search was conducted through academic databases such as Google Scholar,, and PubMed using keywords like “Contextual Teaching and Learning,” “CTL,” “science learning outcomes,” “elementary education,” and “recognizing plants.” From the several potential articles identified, a selection of articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in-depth. The analysis results indicate that the application of the CTL model consistently improves student learning outcomes, as evidenced by enhanced conceptual understanding, learning motivation, and active student participation in the classroom. The analyzed studies reported a significant increase in the average learning outcomes of students following the implementation of CTL. Additionally, this learning model makes learning more meaningful and relevant to the students’ daily lives. In conclusion, the CTL learning model is effective in enhancing student learning outcomes in science subjects for second-grade elementary school students, implying that schools and educators should consider the broader adoption of CTL and provide adequate support and training for teachers.

Leaders should play a supervisory role in improving the professionalism of teachers. This is because the improvement in teacher professionalism should not only depend on government efforts, but also require the teacher himself to have a strong determination to become more professional. Only in this way can the goal of national education be fulfilled. Professional teachers must have expertise in various disciplines of science, teaching resources, instructional strategies, student motivation, and have advanced capabilities and broad knowledge in the field of education. The methods in this research are qualitative descriptive methods and the type of research of phenomena occurring in the field. The location of this research is in SMAN 5 Payakrasuh. The findings are that surveillance is carried out with the aim of developing and improving teaching skills in educational institutions. Supervision enhances the professional competence of teachers, enabling them to effectively implement the learning process in the classroom. In addition, teachers can fulfil their role as professional educators by effectively carrying out their duties and responsibilities in guidance and teaching, as well as creating a learning environment that supports and promotes effective communication.

Mathematics is the mother of science which plays an important role in the development of all aspects of the field of science due to the nature of dependence on all fields of various scientific disciplines. The research method used in this research is the literature study method. This study states that learning to solve problems plays an important role in mathematics, which is almost the same as other conventional roles. Core competencies and competencies were discovered that focus on the need for problem solving skills. The conclusion from various studies conducted using literature studies can be concluded that the weakness is that students have difficulty carrying out mathematical proofs and are less careful when carrying out proofs