Climate change has negative impacts throughout the countries in the world, especially Indonesia, which has a tropical climate. Successful aging can be achieved by building individual self-confidence through prevention and skin aging. Indonesia is a producer of milkfish waste, reaching 5.4 tons/year, which is in line with the increasing center of "Otak-otak" milkfish souvenirs found in Gresik. The waste, especially fishbones, can be synthesized into collagen. The characteristic fishbone collagen waste are in the form of large porous sheets, while particle size is an essential factor in the absorption effectiveness of cosmetics. Therefore, Nanoemulgel is able to overcome this problem. This research aims to produce best collagen nanoemulgel from milkfish bone by physical evaluation with varying ratios of surfactant: cosurfactant in collagen nanoemulgel. The research method was done experimentally by comparing the components Tween 80: PEG 400 F1 (30:30), F2 (40:20), and F3 (35:15) through qualitative and quantitative physical characteristics using one-way anova. Evaluations whose results differ significantly are pH on the 7th day, spreadability, and viscosity. Research results show F2 is the best formula and meets physical stability specifications : particle size 3.89 nm, PDI 0.1906, zeta potential -0.2 mV, pH 4.7±0.04, viscosity 890.1± 4.26 cps, spreading 5.93±0.23 cm. 

The cases of student brawls at school in Indramayu occur almost every year. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the factors that cause school efforts to prevent by integrating character education values in social studies subjects. The approach was qualitative with the type of case study research, data sources obtained from informants selected using purposive sampling through observation, interviews, and document studies. The location taken was at SMPN 1 Sliyeg and MTsN 3 Indramayu. The results showed that the factors that cause student brawls include the influence of the family environment, peers, and the school environment. School efforts to prevent brawls were carried out through the socialization of character education, which manifested in the form of school programs integrated into social studies subjects and the habituation of character integrity. Efforts to incorporate the value of character education in social studies subjects were carried out through a holistic approach, beginning with planning, implementation, and evaluation. The effort was analyzed using Talcott Parsons' AGIL theory. Based on the results of the study, the value of character education is a school strategy through integration in the program in social studies subjects to prevent continuous brawls by integrating character education to generate good citizens.

The aim of this research is to compare the roles and duties of BAZNAS and LAZ based on the old zakat law and the new zakat law, as well as the synergy of roles between the two. The urgency of this research is that it is hoped that this research can provide input for the implementation of zakat management in Indonesia to be more optimal, as well as input for the revision of the zakat law related to the duties and roles of the two zakat management institutions. The type of research used in this research is normative juridical with a statutory and comparative approach, with analytical descriptive research specifications, and the type of data used is secondary data. The results of this research show that BAZNAS and LAS, both have similar tasks and similar goals, they are not competitors with each other, in fact, they are partners and must work together so that zakat management becomes more effective and efficient so that the potential of zakat in society can be maximally absorbed. The findings from this research are that there is harmonization of roles between BAZNAS and LAZ, this harmonization does not yet exist in the Zakat Law. It is hoped that the new zakat law will include this as part of an effort to increase the quality of implementing the functions of BAZNAS and LAZ as they should in accordance with current developments, especially in the digital era.




Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji perbandingan peran dan tugas BAZNAS dan LAZ berdasarkan UU zakat lama dan UU zakat yang baru, serta sinergi peran di antara keduanya. Urgensi penelitian ini diharapkan penelitian ini dapat menjadi masukan bagi pelaksanaan pengelolaan zakat di Indonesia agar lebih maksimal, serta masukan revisi Undang-Undang Zakat terkait dengan tugas dan peran kedua lembaga pengelola zakat tersebut. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan perbandingan, dengan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis, dan jenis data yang digunakan ialah data sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa BAZNAS dan LAS, keduanya memiliki persamaan tugas dan kesamaan tujuan, keduanya bukan pesaing satu sama lain, justru keduanya merupakan mitra dan harus bersinergi, agar pengelolaan zakat menjadi lebih efektif, dan efesien sehingga potensi zakat di masyarakat dapat terserap secara maksimal. Temuan dari penelitian ini adanya harmonisasi peran antara BAZNAS dan LAZ, harmonisasi ini belum ada dalam Undang-Undang Zakat. Harapannya Undang-Undang Zakat yang baru nanti memasukkan terkait hal tersebut sebagain upaya untuk peningkatan kulitas penerapan fungsi BAZNAS dan LAZ sebagaimana mestinya sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman terutama di era digital.

Introduction: Fandom movement in socio-political issues has received attention recently. In Indonesia, this fan movement can be seen when Bintang Emon was reported to be involved in drugs, K-Popers immediately worked hand in hand to help by raising the hashtag #BintangEmonBestBoy to become trending topic on Twitter. Fans can mobilize many people through small groups on each fan base.

Methods: This research employs social network analysis to get an overview of the structure and pattern of relationships between actors in a network of K-Pop fandom accounts. By mapping out relationships between individual users, the study identifies key nodes and the flow of information within the community.

Findings: Response from K-pop fans in the hashtag #BintangEmonBestBoy can be interpreted as a fan activism. There is no tight connection or cohesiveness between fan activism and political participation realistically, rather it is only sporadic activism in the online realm that is inclined to be clicktivism.

Originality: The novelty of this research lies in the mobilization of K-pop fandoms, specifically on how these fan groups participate in online movements and influence social issues, with or without communities. By applying SNA to K-pop fandoms, one can better understand the underlying structure of fan participation and identify key actors who drive fan-based social movements within the network. The chamber-echo effect from the hashtag shows how digital communities leverage their collective power for advocacy, suggest a new type of democracy built on social media disrupting conventional type of popular culture and activism.

Introduction: This study examined the interplay between social media usage and religiosity among Indonesian Muslims, which is the largest Muslim country in the world. Morevoer where more than 70% of the population are active on social media. The social media platforms included in the study were networking sites such as facebook, to microblogging platforms such as Twitter and Instagram. Video sharing services such as YouTube were also examined.

Methods: Data were collected through an online survey, and Structural Equation Modelling with AMOS was employed for analysis. The respondents were millennial graduate students studying communication. Structural Equation Modeling was chosen due to its suitability for multivariate analysis involving latent variables, which are not directly measurable, such as religiosity and social media usage. The dimension used to analyse the relationship with God which includes assessing ones’ religiosity and the second dimension includes, non-obligatory actions which is more to religious acts.

Findings: Results of the study indicated a negative association between social media usage and religious devotion, with greater social media engagement correlating to reduced time devoted to religious practices and spiritual connection with Allah. In other words it showed that the more active someone used social media, the lower the religiosity.

Originality: This research provided new insights into how digital technologies influenced religious practice in modern era. It affects how people practice, engage with, communicate through social media for spiritual expression, and community building outreach. It also brings concern in ethical reflection, intelligent engagement, and discernment within religious communities.

Introduction: Given the rapid development of the digital media industry, it is essential to recognise the importance of YouTube, a widely used platform. In 2015, YouTube launched YouTube Kids, a platform designed specifically for children to provide content appropriate for young audiences.

Methods: This research uses a qualitative method by focusing on YouTube channels with children as the leading content creators, namely on @leikagarudita accounts, @AishwaNahlaOfficial, @abilfatankey, and @ArinagaFamily with the theme of family and children. This study examines how the development of YouTube channels for children can provide space and new alternatives for a variety of content for adults on the YouTube platform and the content regulations governing their use. Based on the restriction rules given by YouTube Parental Control. What are the dynamics that arise in the use of YouTube Kids?

Findings: The study revealed that content restrictions on YouTube Kids primarily target viewers under 13, based on information collection patterns on the YouTube Kids search page and Parental Access and Controls. Children are not given full access to account management at each stage, but parents or guardians have full authority over the YouTube Kids Company. The rules for using YouTube Kids are closely related to parental permission, aiming to provide content suitable for children.

Originality: Although several studies have discussed the content of YouTube channels. However, no research has focused on family channel YouTube accounts focusing on children as the leading content creators.

Gundam, yang berasal dari serial animasi, telah popler sejak 40 tahun yang lalu. Hal ini membuat model kit Gundam banyak dicari oleh para penggemar/pembeli dari berbagai usia di seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Perkembangan teknologi digital, memungkinkan penggemar bertemu dan berdiskusi tentang pengetahuan yang terkait dengan merek dalam bentuk e-WOM melalui komunitas digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana Komunikasi Antargenerasi dalam komunitas dengan anggota dari generasi yang berbeda dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan merek dari serial anime dan eWOM yang ada. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah sebuah komunitas hobi yang bernama Gundam Nusantara Indonesia yang aktif di media social facebook, teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, dengan jumlah sampel 393. Skala pengukuran menggunakan 1-5, kuesionair didistribusikan dengan cara memakai google form yang dilakukan antara Maret sampai dengan Mei 2024. Jawaban resonden diolah dengan menggunakan persamaan structural dan diselesaikan dengan bantuan software SmartPLS versi 3.2.9 Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa komunikasi antargenerasi mampu memediasi pengaruh story, toys design, e-WOM terhadap pengetahuan merek. Sedangkan toys design tidak mampu mepengaruhi pengetahuan merek. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi antargenerasi memiliki peran yang kuat dalam meningkatkan pengaruh variabel indpenden terhadap variabel dependen. Ke depan, perlunya menguji kembali pengaruh langsung toys design terhadap pengetahuan merek.

Gundam, originating from an animated series, has been popular for over 40 years, making its model kits highly sought after by fans of all ages worldwide, including in Indonesia. Advances in digital technology enable enthusiasts to exchange brand-related knowledge through e-WOM (electronic word of mouth) in digital communities. This study explores how intergenerational communication within communities of diverse age groups is influenced by brand knowledge from the anime and e-WOM. The research focuses on the Gundam Nusantara Indonesia community, active on Facebook, using purposive sampling with 393 respondents. Data were collected via a 1–5 scale questionnaire distributed through Google Forms from March to May 2024 and analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) with SmartPLS version 3.2.9. Findings reveal that intergenerational communication mediates the effects of storytelling, toy design, and e-WOM on brand knowledge. However, toy design does not directly influence brand knowledge. The study underscores the significant role of intergenerational communication in strengthening the relationship between independent variables and brand knowledge. Future research should further examine the direct impact of toy design on brand knowledge.

Introduction: In the age of digital transformation, the role of vloggers in shaping and communicating cultural values has become increasingly significant. This paper explores how vloggers navigate the complexities of cultural representation in the era of disruption, characterized by rapid technological advancements, shifting social dynamics, and global interconnectedness. It emphasizes the role of vloggers as both creators and influencers, who, through their personal stories and interactions with their audiences, contribute to the evolving discourse on cultural values, particularly in relation to issues such as authenticity, diversity, and social change.

Methods: The study utilized a constructivism paradigm with a phenomenological approach to popular vloggers in Indonesia. Data collection techniques: in-depth interviews, observation, literature studies, and triangulation of data sources. The validity of the qualitative research data was determined through credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability.

Findings: Communicating the cultural values play a crucial role in intercultural communication, as they are deeply connected to personal beliefs and ways of living. Understanding and acknowledging these personal values are essential for successful communication, especially when individuals come from different cultural backgrounds. Failure to recognize and respect these differences in values can lead to significant challenges in communication and understanding.

Originality: The study highlights the emerging role of vloggers as cultural architects, rather than merely content creators, they are not passive communicators but an active agent of social change. Many vloggers use their platforms to advocate for social justice, equality, demonstrating how vloggers contribute to societal shifts and cultural reimagination.

This research analyzes the impact of corporate bankruptcy and the legal protection that must be provided to workers, particularly regarding the normative rights that workers are entitled to receive. In such circumstances, workers' normative rights, such as wages, severance pay, and benefits, are often not fulfilled. Workers are in a weak position as creditors in bankruptcy proceedings, as the regulations prioritize secured creditors. This research employs the normative juridical method. The novelty of this research lies in the comprehensive analysis of legal certainty and justice for workers as preferred creditors in bankruptcy cases, as well as the proposal for legal reforms to harmonize conflicting regulations to strengthen the protection of workers' normative rights. The conclusion drawn from the discussion is that workers, as preferred creditors, must be prioritized in the payment of bankruptcy debts. There is a need for stricter supervision, stronger legal protection for workers in bankruptcy proceedings, and the necessity for reforms in bankruptcy law, especially in the mechanism for the settlement and distribution of bankruptcy assets to each creditor.



Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak kepailitan perusahaan dan bagaimana perlindungan hukum yang harus diberikan kepada tenaga kerja, terutama hak-hak normatif yang harus diterima pekerja. Dalam kondisi ini, hak-hak normatif pekerja, seperti gaji, pesangon, dan tunjangan, sering kali tidak dipenuhi. Pekerja berada pada posisi yang lemah sebagai kreditur dalam proses kepailitan, karena aturan lebih mengutamakan kreditur yang memiliki jaminan. Yuridis normatif adalah metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis komprehensif mengenai kepastian hukum dan keadilan bagi pekerja sebagai kreditur preferen dalam kasus kepailitan, serta usulan reformasi hukum untuk menyelaraskan peraturan yang bertentangan guna memperkuat perlindungan hak-hak normatif pekerja. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari hasil pembahasan bahwa pekerja sebagai kreditur preferen harus didahulukan dalam pembayaran utang pailit, diperlukan pengawasan yang lebih ketat, perlindungan hukum yang lebih kuat bagi tenaga kerja dalam proses kepailitan, dan diharuskan adanya pembaharuan undang-undang kepailitan khususnya dalam mekanisme pemberesan dan pembagian boedel pailit kepada masing-masing kreditur.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of legal assistance in the investigation process for economically disadvantaged suspects at the Semarang Police Department, with a focus on the challenges and solutions encountered. The criminal justice system in Indonesia regulates the rights of suspects, including the right to legal assistance. Although this right is governed by various laws and regulations, practices in the field reveal a gap between the expected norms and the reality. This research uses an empirical legal method with an empirical juridical approach, integrating the analysis of legal norms with their implementation in practice. The findings show that although the regulations related to legal assistance are generally applied, there are still significant obstacles related to public legal awareness and the lack of effective socialization. While law enforcement officers and legal aid institutions play an active role, there is still a need for improvements in facilities and legal education for the public to ensure that legal assistance is accessible to all levels of society. This study recommends improvements in the legal assistance system and an increase in public understanding of the importance of legal aid.





Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas bantuan hukum dalam proses penyidikan terhadap tersangka yang tidak mampu secara ekonomi di Polres Semarang, dengan fokus pada kendala dan solusi yang dihadapi. Sistem peradilan pidana di Indonesia mengatur hak-hak tersangka, salah satunya hak untuk mendapatkan bantuan hukum. Meskipun diatur dalam berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan, praktik di lapangan menunjukkan adanya ketimpangan antara norma yang diharapkan dan kenyataan yang ada. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum empiris dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris, yang mengintegrasikan analisis terhadap norma hukum dengan penerapannya di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun secara umum peraturan terkait bantuan hukum sudah diterapkan, masih terdapat kendala utama terkait kesadaran hukum masyarakat dan kurangnya sosialisasi yang efektif. Meskipun aparat penegak hukum dan lembaga bantuan hukum berperan aktif, peningkatan sarana dan pendidikan hukum bagi masyarakat masih diperlukan untuk memastikan bantuan hukum dapat diakses dengan optimal oleh semua lapisan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menyarankan perlunya perbaikan dalam sistem pendampingan hukum serta peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat mengenai pentingnya bantuan hukum.