Income inequality remains a significant issue in developing countries like Indonesia, affecting societal well-being unevenly. Economic growth is often considered a key indicator of social welfare, but its benefits are not always distributed equitably. When economic growth coincides with high levels of income inequality, it suggests that only certain groups reap greater benefits while others are left behind. Therefore, it is essential to analyze whether there are disparities in the influence of economic growth on income inequality in Indonesia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a random effects model and 12 years of data (2010–2021), this analysis reveals that economic growth does not significantly affect income inequality in Indonesia, challenging the Kuznets hypothesis. Domestic investment (DIN) also shows no influence on income inequality. In contrast, the human development index (HDI) consistently has a significant negative impact on income inequality across both periods. Meanwhile, foreign direct investment (FDI) positively impacts income inequality. There is no difference in the influence of HDI and FDI on income inequality before and during COVID-19. These findings emphasize the importance of improving human resource quality as an effective strategy for addressing income inequality, particularly by enhancing access to education, healthcare services, and overall social welfare.

Introduction to measuring tools is an important step in early childhood learning to help them understand basic measurement concepts such as length, weight and volume. Prescholl dan kindergarten at Nurul Ma'arif, this activity is designed with a creative and fun approach, so as to increase children's interest in learning. Through the use of simple measuring tools such as rulers, scales and measuring cups, children not only learn to recognize concrete sizes, but also develop cognitive, motor and logical skills. The implementation of this learning supports the achievement of holistic early childhood education goals, namely forming an intelligent, critical and innovative generation from an early age. The research used the classroom action research (PTK) method which consisted of two cycles, involving 5 children aged 4–5 years as subjects. Data was collected through observation, interviews and documentation, then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results of the research show that a play and experimental approach with simple measuring tools, such as rulers, stopwatches and weight scales, and clocks can increase children's understanding of the concept of measurement. Children become more active and enthusiastic in learning, with an increase in their ability to recognize length, determine body weight, recognize time and running speed. This research concludes that play and experimental approaches are effective for introducing measurement concepts to young children, as well as supporting the development of their fine motor and cognitive skills.

The compulsive impact of human-caused climate change is now considered more of an environmental issue than a national security threat. The latest 2030 Agenda, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), has a transformational vision to achieve universal literacy worldwide, including Indonesia. Addressing climate change is Goal 13 of 17 SDGs. This study uses a qualitative research method with a linear research strategy to develop hybrid-education media in the form of printed pamphlet media with Augmented Reality (AR) technology applications that run on the Web platform, namely WebAR. The procedure is triggered by the target image of the pamphlet, and the basic HTML structure uses the A-Frame 3D framework. This framework allows for 3D modeling and animation to be loaded into WebAR. This study shows that WebAR-based hybrid-education media can be used as an interactive means to study climate change issues and increase awareness and understanding of climate actions relevant to Goal 13 of the SDGs. The results also show that this media can increase public engagement in combating climate change issues.

The maritime industry, traditionally reliant on intuition and experience-based decision-making, is undergoing a transformation with the increasing adoption of digital marketing strategies. However, the epistemological foundations of this transition remain underexplored, particularly in the context of leadership and strategic decision-making. This research examines how maritime leaders, lecturers, and postgraduate students perceive and integrate data-driven marketing strategies into maritime business management. The study provides original value by addressing the gap in maritime leadership research regarding digital marketing epistemology. Unlike previous studies that primarily focus on technical adoption, this research critically analyzes the philosophical and cognitive frameworks influencing digital marketing decision-making. The primary objective is to explore the extent to which digital marketing decisions in maritime leadership are guided by empirical data rather than intuition. Using qualitative research and descriptive analysis, semi-structured interviews were conducted with maritime experts, lecturers, and postgraduate students. Data were analyzed thematically, categorizing responses into competency development, sustainability, and digital transformation barriers. Findings reveal that while data-driven strategies are acknowledged as valuable, traditional leadership models still dominate. Digital marketing adoption is constrained by limited expertise, regulatory challenges, and skepticism toward analytics. The study concludes that bridging this gap requires integrating epistemological inquiry into maritime education and fostering collaboration between industry and academia. Strengthening digital literacy among maritime leaders is essential for ensuring the sustainable and strategic use of digital marketing in the sector.

Bullying is an act of oppression that is carried out intentionally and repeatedly with the aim of hurting another person. Bullying can occur physically, verbally, or in subtle ways such as forcing or manipulating. Bullying can have a negative impact on victims, perpetrators and witnesses. Victims can experience psychological stress, behavioral changes and trauma. There are several reasons why someone does bullying, namely because they see their parents often fighting. Unhealthy parenting patterns, too liberated, too harsh, or lacking love and attention. This community service activity aims to provide education regarding the negative impacts of bullying and maintain the mental health of children in Mojowono village, Kemlagi subdistrict, Mojokerto regency. The target of this community service activity is 111 elementary school children from grades 1 to 6 using the hybrid learning method. The results of the evaluation of children's understanding of the material showed that 85% of children really understood the material presented

Regional economic growth can be studied from various points of view, one of which is based on business sectors that produce economic products. This research aims to analyze business sectors in Riau Province with a quantitative descriptive test approach by using data from 2015 to 2022’s Gross Regional Domestic Product based on constant prices. The analysis methods are Location Quotient, Dynamic Location Quotient, Shift Share, and Klassen Typology. The research analyzed 52 business sectors classified by the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. The results of this research show that the business sectors in Riau Province with good analytical results based on all the analysis methods are plantation crops, agricultural and hunting services, forestry and logging, coal and oil and gas refining industries, and paper and paper products industries; printing and reproduction of recorded media. The relevant government can prioritize these sectors while still considering other aspects to increase economic growth in Riau Province.

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat pada kelompok Forum UMKM di kecamatan Mranggen Kabupaten Demak dengan tema Literasi Digital Untuk Menentukan Strategi Pemasaran Pada kelompok Forum UMKM Di Kecamatan Mranggen Kabupaten Demak. Berdasarkan hasil analisis situasi maka permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh mitra dapat diidentifikasi sebagai berikut kurangnya pengetahuan dan pemahaman dari kelompok Forum UMKM terhadap teknologi digitalisasi Marketing online dalam menentukan Strategi Promosi sehingga masih dinilai belum cukup maksimal serta belum ada pendampingan UMKM

Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah memberikan pelatihan bagaimana penerapan tentang e marketing bagi pelaku UMKM di Kecamatan Mranggen kabupaten Demak agar bisnis UMKM meningkat. Manfaat yang diharapkan dengan adanya kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu para peserta (pelaku) UMKM mempunyai pengetahuan, pemahaman, ketrampilan dan kemampuan ketepatan dalam menentukan teknologi digitalisasi pemasaran berupa e marketing atau pemasaran online.
Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam mencapai tujuan adalah pendekatan participatory training, yaitu pendekatan yang menekankan pada partisipasi penuh dari mitra dan pendampingan dalam mencapai tujuan. Pendekatan participatory training dilakukan melalui beberapa langkah pembelajaran dalam bentuk pelatihan dan pendampingan.

reference put forward by I.A. Richards where he put forward an element, namely an intrinsic element which is used as the main component in writing a poem. These intrinsic elements consist of several elements, namely physical elements and mental elements. By using a qualitative method that focuses on a text as an object, by carrying out a library study approach where we look for data through journals/articles and books in developing a problem formulation (1) how are intrinsic elements implemented in poetry?, (2) Why are intrinsic elements called elements? builder in a poem?, (3) What are the results of the analysis carried out by students in analyzing the poem Dendam by Chairil Anwar?. with research objectives to (1) find out the implementation of intrinsic elements in livelihood poetry, (2) find out how intrinsic elements are said to be building blocks in a poem, (3) find out the results of the analysis of intrinsic elements in Chairil Anwar's revenge poem.

This study aims to measure the level of participant satisfaction with learning services at LKP Multi Talenta Komputer Purwokerto. Participant satisfaction is an important indicator in assessing the effectiveness of the learning curriculum implemented. Factors such as facilities, services, and obstacles in learning become the main benchmark. Data from 54 respondents were processed using K-Means Clustering algorithm to identify the most superior and weak factors. The results of this study provide recommendations for future service improvements, in order to increase participant loyalty and learning effectiveness.

This research aims to evaluate the level of usability and user satisfaction with the Amikom University Purwokerto student affairs website using the System Usability Scale (SUS) method. This method was chosen because of its simplicity in providing reliable and fast results through a survey based on 10 statements with a Likert scale. The research respondents were active students at Amikom University, Purwokerto, who were selected using a sampling method based on the Slovin formula with a total sample of 97 respondents. Data is collected through an online questionnaire that measures aspects of convenience, satisfaction and system reliability. The analysis results show an average SUS value of 58.85, which is classified in the Marginal Low category based on the interpretation of the SUS scale. These findings indicate that the website has not fully met user expectations in terms of usability, even though it provides relevant features and services. Therefore, improvements are needed in user interface elements, navigation, and design consistency to improve user experience. This research makes an important contribution to the development of information systems in higher education by identifying weaknesses that can be improved to achieve better efficiency and satisfaction.