This study aims to analyze the 4P marketing mix (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) in hydroponic lettuce marketing at SMA Negeri 1 Karangnunggal. The method used is descriptive qualitative with case studies through observation and interviews. The results of the study indicate that the 4P marketing mix emphasizes products that have good quality such as good lettuce color and shape, the use of good seeds to produce good products. The price of the product has an affordable price which is relatively cheap for premium quality and offers discounts for large purchases. In easily accessible marketing places such as buyers can visit the place of sale directly or orders can be delivered to buyers directly. As well as the promotion methods carried out offline and online through social media.

One of the demands of the 1998 Reformation spirit is the abolition of the Dual Function of ABRI. The presence of the TNI in the civilian realm that is humanist and deliberative for consensus raises various problems because they are educated with doctrines for war and national defense. The phenomenon of ABRI's Dual Function reappeared due to the Revision of Law Number 34 of 2004 concerning TNI. The revision also affects the position of the TNI in the Indonesian State System. This study is to find out how the position of the TNI in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia and how the implications of changes in the TNI Law on the Indonesian constitutional order, as well as provide conclusions and suggestions based on the findings that have been researched. The method used is normative juridical research with descriptive and qualitative approaches through literature study. The results showed that the position of the TNI is in accordance with the mandate of the Constitution, namely as a tool to defend, protect, and maintain the integrity and sovereignty of the state. The occupation of the TNI in the civilian sphere is certainly not in accordance with the mandate of the constitution, especially the rigid TNI approach and one command is considered incompatible with the needs of a humanist society and consensus. In conclusion, the occupation of the TNI is not appropriate in the civilian sphere because they are educated with doctrines for war and national defense. As a result, the presence of the TNI in the civilian sector can cause various problems and incongruities.

The implementation of this research, conducted through Community Service Activities, is grounded in the conditions experienced by parents in caring for children with special needs, such as autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, cerebral palsy, or other developmental disorders. The heavy burden of caregiving can increase the risk of psychological distress. This Community Service Activity was carried out at the Sahabat Autis Bogor Foundation, located in Billabong Permai Housing Complex, Block C3D No. 2, Bojong Gede, accompanying seven parents of students. The objective of the Community Service Activity was to enhance the quality of life of the mothers, stabilize their mental health, prevent mental health decline, and provide optimal support for their children with mental health challenges. The methods employed in the Community Service Activity included (1) Socialization and Seminar Implementation, (2) Psychological Support and Counseling, and (3) Coping Strategy Training and the Establishment of a Support Group. The findings from this research activity indicated that parents struggled to express the anger and bitterness they experienced as side effects of stress, fatigue, and the lack of attention to their own needs. Parents, particularly mothers of children with special needs, were found to be more vulnerable to prolonged stress, anxiety, and even depression compared to mothers of children without special needs. They also experienced trauma in introducing their children to their social environment and exhibited heightened concerns regarding their children's careers and futures.

This article explores the significance of gaining a clear understanding of the topic concept addition as the main foundation in mathematical literacy. This study examines various pedagogical approaches in introducing the concept of addition to students, emphasizing the importance of conceptual understanding compared to procedural learning. Analysis of several learning methods shows that the use of manipulative objects, visual representations, and the application of real contexts significantly improve students' understanding of the idea behind addition. The results of the research also indicate that difficulties in understanding the concept of addition at the early stage of Learning may affect the progress of advanced mathematical abilities. This article concludes that a learning approach that emphasizes conceptual understanding of addition as a quantity combination operation will establish a strong basis for the advancement of students' mathematical abilities in the future.

This research aims to describe the implementation of digital transformation in marketing strategies among micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the culinary sector, using Nomnom Kitchen in Bandarlampung City as a case study. Employing a qualitative approach with data collection techniques including interviews, observations, and documentation, the research explores the firsthand experiences of business actors in transitioning from conventional to digital marketing. The findings reveal that MSME actors face complex dynamics throughout the digitalization process, involving internal challenges such as limited human resources and digital content management, as well as external opportunities like expanded market reach. Digital transformation emerges as a strategic tool that enhances promotional efficiency, strengthens customer engagement, and fosters a business model that is more responsive to technological advances. The study highlights the importance of digital training and the enhancement of entrepreneurial capacity to optimize the digital potential of MSMEs.

Landslides or commonly called landslides are a disaster that often hits areas with tropical climates. The damage caused by landslides is most dominantly structural damage such as damaged road sections that are cut off. At the research location, there was a landslide that resulted in the obstruction of the road flow which was originally two lanes to one lane, it is feared that landslides will occur again, so one of the landslide prevention techniques is to use retaining walls. Based on this, this study is deemed necessary to determine the slope safety factor and to determine the safety of the slope after using retaining walls. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of slope safety without being given a load, the level of slope safety after being given a load of 25 Kpa and the level of slope safety after being given a load of 25 kpa and the addition of a retaining wall on the research slope using a Retaining Wall. In this study using the Finite Element Method in the calculation to find the level of safety of a slope, the researcher used the help of Plaxis 2D V20 Software, and the results of the calculation obtained a slope safety factor of 1.31, after being given a load of 25 kpa the slope safety factor was 1.14 and after being given a retaining wall the slope safety factor increased to 2.46.

Digital literacy at the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) scale is part of the digital transformation that can drive economic growth in Indonesia. Business actors are required to have digital skills, one of the important aspects to build a sustainable strategy as a form of solution for business people in an effort to develop their business. This research aims to explore the understanding of digital literacy among Indonesian MSMEs, focusing on the development of digital transformation, digital adoption, challenges and obstacles, and strategies used for business sustainability. The method used in this research is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with stages: planning, implementation, and reporting. SLR in this study was conducted using a collection of literature studies published from January 2020 to October 2024. The results of this study indicate that digital literacy is an important factor affecting performance among MSMEs, through skills in utilizing digital platform opportunities in the context of business development such as e-commerce platforms. Challenges faced such as limited resources in managing technological devices and lack of digital literacy can be overcome by implementing strategies to improve skills and understanding related to digitalization, fostering a supportive ecosystem, and socializing the importance of entrepreneurial leadership optimally to achieve sustainable growth and higher competitiveness.

Mata pelajaran fisika kelas X pada materi pengukuran merupakan materi yang sulit dan sering mengalami miskonsepsi. Miskonsepsi merupakan kesalahan konsep yang dimiliki oleh siswa yang berbeda dengan para ahli. Miskonsepsi akan berdampak tidak baik pada proses pembelajaran apabila tidak ditindaklanjuti. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan analisis miskonsepsi yang terjadi pada siswa serta faktor penyebab miskonsepsi pada materi pengukuran. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan yaitu untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui bagaimana miskonsepsi yang dialami oleh siswa pada materi pengukuran dengan menggunakan instrumen four-tier diagnostic test serta faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya miskonsepsi pada siswa kelas X SMA N 8 Semarang. Waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 7 Mei -16 Juni 2024. Populasi penelitian ini yaitu siswa-siswi kelas X Fisika dengan metode purposive sampling diperoleh jumlah sampel sebanyak 141 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen four-tier diagnostic test tipe pilihan ganda dan wawancara pada siswa. Hasil analisis menunjukkan siswa masih mengalami miskonsepsi sebanyak 34,45% dari jumlah sampel dan berada pada kategori sedang. Beberapa miskonsepsi yang terjadi pada sub konsep besaran dan satuan sebanyak 30,71%, sub konsep angka penting sebanyak 39,57% dan sub konsep ketidakpastian pengukuran sebanyak 33,07%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa miskonsepsi masih terjadi pada siswa SMA N 8 Semarang khususnya pada materi pengukuran kelas X.

Self-confidence is a crucial aspect of student development and academic success. However, many students still struggle with low self-confidence. This article reviews the effectiveness of group counseling through a literature review of 22 journals (2013–2025). Findings show that group counseling effectively enhances self-confidence across various educational levels. Techniques used include REBT, bibliocounseling, self-instruction, and role play. Success also depends on the stages of implementation. Group counseling provides a reflective and supportive space, making it a suitable intervention strategy in guidance and counseling programs.

This study aims to apply integral calculus methods to calculate the volume and arc length of an ice cream cone design shaped like a flower petal. The cone design is modeled using a quadratic function derived from three reference points on the petal curve. Using the solid of revolution method around the y-axis, the calculated petal volume is 150.8 cm³, and the arc length is 7.14 cm. The results demonstrate that calculus-based modeling supports efficient material usage while enhancing aesthetic and functional aspects of packaging. This research highlights the connection between mathematical concepts and practical product design in the food industry