Vegetative propagation is a crucial technique in horticultural cultivation aimed at improving plant quality and productivity. This study explores budding in citrus (Citrus spp.) and grafting in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) as methods of plant propagation. Budding involves attaching buds from superior varieties to compatible rootstocks, whereas grafting unites scions and rootstocks to obtain desirable traits. The research was conducted at the Horticulture Seed Center, observing the growth and success of plant unions. The results demonstrate that both techniques effectively enhance plant quality, with budding showing faster results in citrus and grafting improving avocado resilience to environmental conditions. This study provides guidance for farmers to select optimal propagation methods tailored to their plants' specific needs.

Household solid waste (HSW) generation and its illegal disposal pose significant challenges to Sierra Leone, leading to public health and environmental harm. While municipal by-laws are implemented to deal with HSW in Sierra Leone, existing literature shows significant inadequacies in these laws. This paper employs normative legal research to examine the relevant laws in Sierra Leone and their adequacy and discusses related laws in South Korea and Indonesia. The findings reveal significant areas for improvement in Sierra Leone's laws, regulations, and policies pertaining to HSW, such as the absence of specific provisions to address HSW and the non-binding nature of existing provisions. Observing the relevant laws and measures in South Korea and Indonesia could significantly improve Sierra Leone's waste laws, leading to better HSW minimization. The proposed measures include establishing clear and specific laws and regulations for HSW management, implementing stricter penalties for HSW violations, promoting public awareness and education on waste reduction and recycling, and providing incentives for waste reduction and recycling. By doing so, Sierra Leone can improve public health, protect the environment, and promote sustainable development.
 

Sandblasting is a method used to improve the surface structure of the material by using high pressure. Quartz sand is one of the abrasives used for sandblasting—quartz sand PT. Lamongan DOK contains silica (SiO2) of 83.4%. The method used in this study is the base method. The solvent used is KOH and NaOH with temperature variation of material preparation 600, 900, 1200 oC and variation of extraction time 1, 1½, 2 hours. The results showed that the most optimal variable with NaOH solvent was at the preparation temperature of 900 oC with 2 hours of extraction, and the amount of the extract yield was 28.5%. The following variable is at the preparation temperature of 600 oC with 1.5 hours of extraction, and the amount of the extract yield is 28.3%. Besides that, the optimal variable with KOH solvent is at the preparation temperature of 900 oC with 1.5 hours of extraction, and the amount of the extract Yield is 27.9%. XRD analysis showed that the extract obtained SiO2 in the form of Crystal Cristobalite and Quartz, and the FTIR analysis results detected the presence of O – H alcohol functional groups. It can provide information that sandblasting waste has a reasonably high Silica content, which can be utilized as a product with higher economic value.

This study is a literature review aimed at understanding the contribution of physical education teachers in shaping students' character. The method used in this research is a literature review, with research sources obtained from various references such as journals, books, documentation, the internet, libraries, and other relevant sources. The data collection technique for this literature review involved gathering various references and citations relevant to the research topic, utilizing the Google Scholar database by entering the keyword “contribution of physical education teachers in building student character.” The database search yielded 10 articles published between 2016 and 2022 that are relevant to the focus of this study. The findings indicate that physical education plays a significant role in shaping and instilling character in students. It can be concluded that the contribution of physical education teachers is currently at a moderate level in the process of character development in students. Therefore, it is expected that physical education teachers will further enhance their contributions to the implementation of character education.

Abstrak. Kualitas ekonomi di negara-negara Asia dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor sosial, keamanan, dan lingkungan yang kompleks. Penelitian ini menggunakan Generalized Linear Models (GLM), yaitu regresi Poisson dan Binomial Negatif, untuk menganalisis hubungan antara variabel-variabel seperti Governance, Social Capital, Safety and Security, Living Conditions, Education, dan Natural Environment terhadap tingkat kualitas ekonomi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa model Poisson menghadapi keterbatasan karena adanya overdispersion, yang tercermin dari nilai AIC yang tidak terdefinisi dan residual deviance yang relatif tinggi. Sebaliknya, model Binomial Negatif lebih efektif dalam menangani data dengan variansi lebih besar dari rata-rata, menghasilkan nilai residual deviance yang lebih rendah dan AIC yang lebih baik. Dalam model Binomial Negatif, variabel Social Capital terbukti signifikan dengan koefisien yang menunjukkan pengaruh positif terhadap kualitas ekonomi. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa model Binomial Negatif lebih cocok untuk memodelkan data kualitas ekonomi di kawasan Asia, dengan Social Capital sebagai variabel yang paling berpengaruh, yang akan memberikan wawasan yang berguna bagi pengambilan kebijakan untuk meningkatkan kualitas ekonomi di kawasan ini.

Penelitian ini membahas tentang implementasi pembelajaran ta’lim afkar di mabna Ummu Salamah kelas Asasi E. tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana proses pelaksanaan  pembelajaran ta’lim afkar di kelas Asasi E mabna Ummu Salamah beserta faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam proses pembelajaran ta’lim afkar di kelas Asasi E. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan yakni model Miles, Huberman, dan saldana. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses pembelajaran ta’lim afkar berlangsung pukul 19.30 – 21.00 WIB di aula mabna. Pembelajaran yang berlangsung menggunakan metode pembelajaran bandongan. faktor pendukung yakni; 1) Tempat/kelas yang memadai, 2) Mu’allim yang kompeten, 3) Kitab yang relevan dengan tujuan pembelajaran. Yang menjadi faktor penghambat yakni; 1) Metode pembelajaran yang monoton. 2) Mu’allim yang terlalu serius sehingga membuat suasana kelas menjadi tegang dan minim komunikasi atau interaksi dengan mahasantri. 3) Tidak semua mahasantri berasal dari pondok pesantren, yang menyebabkan adanya kesulitan mahasantri dalam menerjemahkan kitab arab dengan terjemah pegon berbahasa Indonesia, apalagi kitab yang digunakan kitab gundul.

Social conflicts in the oil palm plantation sector have become an increasingly prominent issue in various regions, with impacts that not only affect the relationship between parties, but also threaten and affect the sustainability of the industry, aspects of people's lives and the environment. Conflicts are often rooted in land disputes, dissatisfaction with compensation, and the environmental impacts of unsustainable plantation practices. This study aims to explore the impact of social conflicts on oil palm land expansion. It is hoped that this research can provide clear information about the relationship between social conflicts and oil palm land expansion, so that it can be used to find better solutions in managing and developing oil palm land in a more sustainable and equitable manner. The methods used are literature studies and literature reviews. Literature study is a research design used in collecting data sources related to topics. The collection of data sources for literature studies is carried out with a database search tool that is used as a stage to search for literature sources. The screening results from the journals that are appropriate and needed are 9 national articles. Based on the activities and journals, it was found and analyzed that the impact of social conflicts on the expansion of oil palm plantation land can have environmental, economic, and social impacts.

Songs that can make the listener feel related to the message in the song lyrics get a lot of attention. The choice of words in song lyrics is important so that listeners can feel and understand the message of the musician both implicitly and explicitly. Language style is also important in song lyrics to add beauty to the delivery of the singer's message. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the use of word choice (diction) and language style in one of the songs by Indonesian musicians, namely Nadin Amizah entitled “Hormat kepada Angin”. This research uses a qualitative approach with the read-and-record method. Based on the results of the study, researchers found the use of diction (denotative, connotative, synonymy, antonymy, and polysemy) and language style in the lyrics of the song “Hormat ke Angin”.

The purpose of this research is to develop learning media in the form of interactive PowerPoint and evaluate the feasibility of its use in improving students' understanding of Islamic communication ethics, especially for grade 9 students at SMPN 07 Jakarta. The method in this study uses R&D (research and development) with the utilization of the ADDIE model, the data is tested using the Aiken-V index. The underlying theory in this study highlights the importance of learning media as a tool that can enrich the teaching and learning process. PowerPoint was chosen because of its ease of use and its ability to present information in an attractive visual and verbal manner. This research ultimately developed learning media in the form of Interactive PowerPoint designed to improve students' understanding of Islamic communication ethics. Based on the results of the study, the interactive PowerPoint media was determined to be feasible to implement by achieving an average validity of 0.88888889 which means it meets high criteria, this research contributes to enriching the development of PowerPoint learning media and communication ethics materials at various levels.

This study is significant as it addresses the need for contextual digital da’wah in a village with high media access but limited da’wah strategies and low digital religious literacy among youth through TikTok and Instagram. It explains the role of social media as a means of Islamic preaching to deepen religious understanding among Generation Z. This research employs a mixed-methods approach using observation, documentation, interviews, and survey techniques to analyze Generation Z’s responses to digital da’wah through data condensation, data presentation, conclusion drawing, and source triangulation. The findings reveal: (1) Generation Z prefers TikTok and Instagram for accessing da’wah content due to its short, visual, and relevant format. However, the level of digital interaction remains low and requires a more interactive approach. (2) Survey results show that Generation Z's da’wah strategies are effective through relaxed, humorous, relevant, and digitally adaptive approaches, with an average score of 4.688, indicating a positive impact. (3) The main challenges of digital da’wah for Generation Z include limited internet quota, low digital literacy, the risk of misinformation, and the need for more relevant da’wah content addressing youth issues such as bullying and identity crises through a more applicable psycho-educational approach. The conclusion highlights that Generation Z needs short, relevant, and interactive da’wah content supporting digital literacy to overcome challenges and religious misinformation.