Drug abuse is still often found in the surrounding environment, especially among teenagers who are still at school. In Indonesia, drug abuse or illegal drugs is a use that is not for health but for recreation. Most drug users are among teenagers who are still at school, especially among high school students who can be said to be the time when teenagers are searching for their identity. The effect that drugs have on users will cause discomfort and can be psychologically disturbing for users. The aim of this research is to determine family social support for drug abuse. This research uses a case study method with a qualitative approach. The technique for determining informants uses a purposive technique with five key informants and five supporting informants. The research results show that the causes of drug abuse are caused by the environment, high curiosity and other external factors that encourage informants to abuse drugs. The impacts experienced by drug abuse are divided into two categories, namely physical impacts such as withdrawal, while psychological impacts such as slow work, carelessness and difficulty concentrating. Family social support has four supports, namely: informational, assessment, instrumental and emotional.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into judicial decision-making processes is reshaping the administration of justice, offering new possibilities for efficiency and consistency while raising critical concerns about fairness and judicial discretion. This research explores the use of AI to support judges in their decision-making processes, focusing on the balance between technological assistance and the human consideration of justice. Additionally, it examines the regulatory frameworks that enable and govern AI’s role in the judiciary. Employing a normative juridical research methodology and secondary data from literature reviews, this study finds that AI systems can only assist judges by providing recommendations rather than replacing their judgment. Algorithms and mathematical models cannot fully account for the complex, qualitative factors inherent in the pursuit of justice, such as moral considerations, empathy, and societal context. Currently, AI usage in judicial processes is not explicitly regulated; however, it may be justified under Article 1 Point 8 of Indonesia’s ITE Law, which recognizes electronic agents controlled by humans to achieve specified objectives. The research underscores that AI’s potential lies in its capacity to complement human judges by enhancing efficiency and reducing bias in routine tasks, while ultimate decision-making must remain a human responsibility. This study concludes that the responsible use of AI, guided by clear legal and ethical frameworks, can ensure that technological advancements in the judiciary uphold the principles of justice and human dignity.

The aim of this research is to examine the position of state finances as state capital participation in the INA. Through Government Regulation in Lieu of Law (PERPPU) No. 2/2022, the Investment Management Institution as known as Indonesia Investment Authority (INA) is a new initiative by the government to manage Central Government investments. Referring to the Santiago Principles, the government uses the separate legal entity model for the establishment of INA. The capital of INA comes from state equity participation, which in Indonesia’s financial system is categorized as separate state assets. This means that, in essence, INA’s capital is considered state finance. However, there is a regulatory construction in Article 158 paragraph (4) which states that INA’s losses are not state losses, thus INA’s equity is no longer considered state finance. This is akin to the concept of a separate legal entity in corporations, which have their own assets separate from the assets of their owners/managers. Previously, Constitutional Court Decisions No. 48/PUU-XI/2013 and No. 62/PUU-XI/2013 had established that separated state assets remain state finance. Therefore, a question arises regarding the status of INA. Using normative legal research methods, the research findings indicate that INA’s equity originating from state equity participation has transformed into INA’s private finance. However, this transformation is not in line with the national financial system constructed based on the welfare state principle. Consequently, this could potentially create loopholes for the embezzlement of state funds.

Household solid waste (HSW) generation and its illegal disposal pose significant challenges to Sierra Leone, leading to public health and environmental harm. While municipal by-laws are implemented to deal with HSW in Sierra Leone, existing literature shows significant inadequacies in these laws. This paper employs normative legal research to examine the relevant laws in Sierra Leone and their adequacy and discusses related laws in South Korea and Indonesia. The findings reveal significant areas for improvement in Sierra Leone's laws, regulations, and policies pertaining to HSW, such as the absence of specific provisions to address HSW and the non-binding nature of existing provisions. Observing the relevant laws and measures in South Korea and Indonesia could significantly improve Sierra Leone's waste laws, leading to better HSW minimization. The proposed measures include establishing clear and specific laws and regulations for HSW management, implementing stricter penalties for HSW violations, promoting public awareness and education on waste reduction and recycling, and providing incentives for waste reduction and recycling. By doing so, Sierra Leone can improve public health, protect the environment, and promote sustainable development.
 

In accordance with National Land Agency Regulation No. 1 of 2021, this study investigates the adoption of electronic land certificates. The need to enhance land services in Indonesia, especially in the fight against the land mafia and the settlement of intricate agrarian disputes, is what makes this research so urgent. Creating an electronic certificate system is essential to updating public services in light of the rise in fraud and land ownership disputes. Significant obstacles stand in the way of digital transformation in land management, nevertheless, such as the requirement for a strong legal framework and prepared infrastructure. The novel aspect of the study is its evaluation of infrastructure preparedness for electronic certificates, a topic that has received little attention in earlier studies. The responsive law theory of Philippe Nonet and Philip Selznick is used in this analysis to emphasize how crucial adaptable legal frameworks are for addressing societal shifts. The results indicate that increasing digital infrastructure and raising public understanding of land technology are essential to the success of electronic land certificates. This invention has the potential to improve confidence in the National Land Agency and expedite the settlement of land disputes. According to Indonesian law, both paper and electronic documents are legitimate; nevertheless, for long-term use, rules pertaining to data security, technology, and public education need to be strengthened. The digital revolution of land administration requires cross-sector cooperation.

Ethics and morals among teenagers are still considered to be low, as evidenced by many of them not adhering to or ignoring the advice of their parents or teachers at school. The goal of this community service is to provide a deep understanding of ethics and morals simultaneously. The service is carried out using the PAR approach with the aid of laptops, LCD projectors, and sound systems. The results show that the activity proceeded very well and was attended by all students present at the service location. The service began with providing specific material on ethics and morals. The students were able to provide good feedback to the presenters and understand the material provided. In conclusion, the community service ran smoothly and had a very positive impact on the students specifically and the school in general.

Degradation of ethics and morality during adolescence poses a threat that can hinder or even jeopardize the future of teenagers. This counseling is conducted to provide education and a deep understanding of how teenagers can build strong morals and develop positive adolescent ethics. The counseling uses the PAR approach with the aid of media such as laptops, LCD projectors, and materials as primary tools for conveying information. The results of the counseling show: the event was conducted very well, with excellent interaction between the presenter and participants. The presenter effectively and smoothly delivered information about ethics and morality, the causes of their decline, and strategies for prevention. Conclusion: The counseling on ethics and morality has a positive psychological impact as participants are able to understand the material well.

Learning motivation plays a significant role for students. This motivation increases students’ interest in completing learning activities. When students are motivated by their environment and themselves, their learning outcomes also improve. The methods used in community service activities (PKM) are influenced by various factors, such as monotonous teaching methods, lack of teacher support, and the influence of technology. PKM uses interactive lecture methods that utilize media, discussions, and Q&A sessions to increase students’ learning motivation. This highlights the importance of motivation to support oneself in achieving goals and becoming a better individual.
This community service aims to increase the learning motivation of students at SMKN 6 Serang cities, as motivation is one of the factors that influence students’ success. When someone is motivated to learn, they will achieve the desired learning outcomes. Motivation acts as a driving force to achieve good results. People engage in activities because they have motives. High learning motivation will yield optimal results. This activity aims to prepare students as participants who, based on their respective skills, can face challenges in starting their careers.

This research aims to see how the social conditions of the community in Darupono Village are the problems experienced by the village community and how the solutions are carried out by KKN MIT UIN Walisosongo Semarang students in their service in the community. The method used in community service is an extension method in the form of education and training by KKN students to the Darupono Village Community. The result of the service carried out is that there are still children who experience stunting in Darupono Village, so efforts are needed to prevent and handle stunting in Darupono Village

The increasing sophistication of cyber threats has outpaced the capabilities of traditional detection and response systems, necessitating the adoption of advanced machine learning architectures. This study investigates the application of Transformer-based models in cybersecurity, focusing on their ability to enhance threat detection and response. Leveraging publicly available datasets, including CICIDS 2017 and UNSW-NB15, the research employs a systematic methodology encompassing data preprocessing, model optimization, and comparative performance evaluation. The Transformer model, tailored for cybersecurity, integrates self-attention mechanisms and positional encoding to capture complex dependencies in network traffic data. The experimental results reveal that the proposed model achieves an accuracy of 97.8%, outperforming conventional methods such as Random Forest (92.3%) and deep learning approaches like CNN (94.1%) and LSTM (95.6%). Additionally, the Transformer demonstrates high detection rates across diverse attack types, with rates exceeding 98% for Denial of Service and Brute Force attacks. Attention heatmaps provide valuable insights into feature importance, enhancing the interpretability of the model’s decisions. Scalability tests confirm the model’s ability to handle large datasets efficiently, positioning it as a robust solution for dynamic cybersecurity environments. This research contributes to the field by demonstrating the feasibility and advantages of employing Transformer architectures for complex threat detection tasks. The findings have significant implications for developing scalable, interpretable, and adaptive cybersecurity systems. Future studies should explore lightweight Transformer variants and evaluate the model in operational environments to address practical deployment challenges.