Perkembangan zaman dan modernisasi menuntut Hukum Waris Adat masyarakat Batak Karo untuk beradaptasi dengan tuntutan dunia modern. Dalam masyarakat Suku Karo, hanya anak laki-laki yang berhak menerima warisan, sementara anak perempuan tidak memiliki hak waris. Namun, anak perempuan dapat menerima "pemere" atau hadiah kasih sayang dari pewaris, yang dapat berupa emas, ladang, atau sawah yang dapat dikelolanya selama hidup. Pemberian "pemere" ini terkait erat dengan hukum adat dan telah menjadi tradisi turun-temurun dalam masyarakat Suku Karo. Perbedaan perlakuan antara anak laki-laki dan perempuan dalam hal warisan sangat mencolok, dengan anak laki-laki memiliki kekuasaan penuh atas harta warisan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data primer untuk memahami perkembangan dan perubahan dalam penerapan hukum waris adat Batak Karo. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mengkaji data sekunder dari berbagai sumber, termasuk literatur, dokumen adat, peraturan perundang-undangan, dan hasil penelitian terdahulu tentang hukum adat dan modernisasi, untuk memberikan gambaran yang komprehensif tentang topik ini.

This study aims to analyze the legal implications of granting building use rights to foreign nationals under the Job Creation Law. The main problem that currently occurs is the limited availability of land in Indonesia, while development is progressing rapidly, especially in urban areas. To meet the needs of the community, including foreign citizens, for housing, the government then took the path of building flats as part of housing development, considering the limited land in urban areas. In its development, the government then enacted the Job Creation Law, which turned out to be inconsistent with previous regulations. This is interesting to study regarding the impact that will occur if Building Use Rights are granted to Foreign Citizens living in Indonesia, so that the problems that arise can be in the form of legal certainty of the Job Creation Law regarding ownership of Building Use Rights by Foreign Citizens and ownership of flat units by Foreign Citizens according to the Job Creation Law linked to the principle of nationality. This study uses a normative legal approach method by reviewing library materials or secondary data, and the nature of this research is descriptive and analytical. The results of the study concluded that the legal certainty of ownership of Apartment Ownership Rights on land with building use rights by foreigners based on the Job Creation Law is still not guaranteed, because in the UURS and UUPA, foreigners can only have usage rights, while in the UUCK, they can have HGB. The novelty of this study lies in its normative analysis of conflicting regulations and the identification of legal gaps in the implementation of foreign ownership of apartment units.

Science literacy is an important 21st century competency, but Indonesian students' ability in this aspect is still low. Based on PISA results, Indonesia is ranked 68th, with only 34.16% of students reaching level 2, far below the OECD average of 75.51%. One of the factors causing this is the lack of variety of learning media used by teachers. This study aims to describe the development process, validity, effectiveness, and practicality of the Adventure of Si RAMA with Augmented Reality media in improving the science literacy of elementary school students. The research used the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model. The stages in this development research include identification of potential and problems, analysis, product design, design development and product validation, product revision, product trials, and evaluation. The validation results showed very high scores from material experts (90%), learning design (94%), and media (95 The effectiveness of the media is seen from the T Test results which resulted in a sig. value of 0.000, which is smaller than 0.05, which indicates that this media is effective in improving science literacy. Practicality assessment from students reached 89% and from teachers 92%, both of which were in the very practical category. Thus, this media is worth using as an innovative learning alternative to support the improvement of science literacy in elementary schools.
 

This study aims to analyze the listening skills of students of the Indonesian Language Education (PBI) study program at Siliwangi University in understanding folk tales delivered through audiovisual media which is considered capable of increasing student involvement and understanding in the listening process because it combines visual and audio elements simultaneously. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through listening tests. The results of the study indicate that the use of audiovisual media significantly helps students understand the content of the story, characters, and cultural values ??contained in folk tales. In addition, this media also motivates students to be more active and focused in listening activities. This study recommends the use of audiovisual media as an alternative to effective listening learning in language teaching, especially in the context of folk tales.

Background: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is extensive skin damage, accompanied by involvement of the mucosa and muscle-joint tissue due to immobilization with a set of symptoms in the form of abnormalities characterized by erythema, vesicles, bullae, purpura on the skin. Objective: to explore the benefits of physiotherapy in managing these problems and to identify the most effective approach in the rehabilitation process. Method: this study uses a case study approach in patients with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) taken from RSUD Sumberglagah Mojokerto. Results: There was a decrease in pain in both ankles, there was an increase in muscle strength in both ankles, there was an increase in the range of motion of the joints in both ankles, there was an increase in functional ability in patients from moderate dependence to independence. Conclusion: Based on the results that have been carried out, physiotherapy interventions in the form of ROM exercises (Active, resisted and stretching) are effective in overcoming physiotherapy problems in cases of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS).

Overview: Normal Hemoglobin levels during pregnancy are very important in preventing anemia and complications that can occur during pregnancy. Moringa capsules contain iron, vitamin C, and antioxidants that can support the absorption of iron in the body, Fe tablets that support oxygen transport and the formation of red blood cells. Objective: Analyzing the effect of giving moringa leaf capsules and iron tablets on hemoglobin levels in pregnant women. Research Method: This study used a Quasi-experimental design method. This study was conducted in the Ambal II Kebumen Health Center Working Area with a sample of 30 respondents. In this study, 2 groups were used, namely those who received intervention (moringa leaf capsules and Fe tablets) and the control group (Fe only). Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test. Research Results: Showed that there was a difference in Hemoglobin levels in the Moringa leaf and Fe groups with a p value = 0.008 and as many as 14 pregnant women experienced an increase in Hb. While in the control group the analysis results showed a difference with a p value = 0.007. However, as many as 13 mothers experienced a decrease in Hb levels. Conclusion: giving moringa capsules and Fe tablets has better effectiveness in increasing Hb levels compared to just Fe tablets alone.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is still one of the health problems, including in the dental profession. Doctor Dentists have a risk of experiencing Low Back Pain (LBP) when viewed from their static work activities. work activities that are static. The purpose of this study was to determine relationship between ergonomic factors and complaints of Low Back Pain (LBP) in general dentists practicing independently in Jambi City. general dentists practicing independently in Jambi City. Methods: This study is a quantitative study with an observational observational research design and using a cross sectional research design. The study population was general dentists practicing in Jambi City, totaling 204 people. Respondents in this study 70 people. Data collection using the ODI questionnaire for measurement LBP measurement, fingertip pulse oximeter for measurement of workload, Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) for work posture measurement, vibration meter for vibration measurement, and lux meter for lighting measurement. Data analysis using chi-square statistical test version 24. Results: The results showed the prevalence of complaints of Low Back Pain (LBP) in dentists was 60%. dentists amounted to 60%. The statistical test results show that the variables workload (p=0.000 <0.05), work posture (p=0.000 <0.05), length of work (p = 0.000 < 0.05), repetition (p = 0.003 < 0.05), lighting (p = 0.415 > 0,05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between workload, work posture, work duration, repetition with complaints of Low Back Pain (LBP) and there is no relationship between workload, work posture, work duration, repetition and lighting

This study aims to evaluate the performance of the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) at PT PLN Nusantara Power Unit Pembangkitan Gresik in reducing pollutant loads from domestic wastewater. The evaluation involves analyzing water quality parameters including pH, BOD, COD, TSS, oil and grease, total ammonia, and total coliform at both inlet and outlet of the STP. Additionally, the actual daily discharge was observed and compared to the design capacity to assess operational efficiency. The method used was descriptive qualitative, involving field observation, documentation, and laboratory test data analysis during the January–March 2025 period. The results show that all outlet parameters met the effluent standards set by Regulation No. 68/2016 of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. However, the actual flow rate, which is only 1.6–3.3% of the design capacity, indicates potential inefficiencies in energy use and biological processes. Therefore, operational adjustments and optimization of STP capacity utilization are necessary for more efficient and sustainable system performance.

Abstract: This research aims to identify the local wisdom values ??of Sanghyang Siksakandang Karesian relevant to history learning. To achieve the stated objective, the investigation included using qualitative methods with a single case study, and data were collected using observation, interviews, and document reviews. Furthermore, the obtained data was analyzed using an interactive model consisting of phases: data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion. The results showed that (1) the local wisdom values ??of Sanghyang Siksakandang Karesian included dasakerta, Dasaperbakti, people's behavior (hulun), and complementary actions. Dasakerta is a guideline for human sensory behavior in daily life. Dasaperbakti describes the social hierarchy that requires legitimacy. While Panimbuh ning twah shows complementary rules in society, (2) History learning based on local wisdom values of Sanghyang Siksakandang Karesian is carried out through contextual learning by introducing and providing an understanding of Kagaluhan values to students to be applied in everyday life. This research can improve the understanding of local history and the character of students who are more rooted and culturally responsive, and strengthen the character of students. However, limited curriculum, learning resources, and teacher understanding are challenges. This study contributes to the literature gap by offering a local wisdom-based history learning model. The implication of this study emphasizes the importance of policy support to accommodate local history in the high school education curriculum for character building.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi nilai-nila kearifan lokal Sanghyang Siksakandang Karesian dan nilai-nilai yang relevan untuk pembelajaran sejarah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan studi kasus tunggal. Teknik pengumpulan data terdiri dari observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data model interaktif yang melalui tahapan kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) nilai-nilai kearifan lokal Sanghyang Siksakandang Karesian meliputi dasakerta; Dasaperbakti; perilaku rakyat (hulun); dan pelengkap perbuatan (Panimbuh ning twah). Dasakerta merupakan pedoman perilaku indra manusia dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Dasaperbakti menggambarkan hirarki sosial dalam masyarakat yang membutuhkan legitimasi. Sedangkan Panimbuh ning twah  menunjukkan aturan pelengkap dalam masyarakat (2) Pembelajaran Sejarah yang berbasis nilai-nilai kearifan lokal Sanghyang Siksakandang Karesian dilakukan melalui pembelajaran kontekstual dengan mengenalkan dan memberikan pemahaman nilai-nilai Kagaluhan pada peserta didik untuk diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini dapat meningkatkan pemahaman sejarah lokal dan karakter peserta didik yang lebih mengakar dan tanggap budaya, serta memperkuat karakter peserta didik. Namun, keterbatasan kurikulum, sumber belajar, dan pemahaman guru menjadi tantangan. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap kesenjangan literatur dengan menawarkan model pembelajaran sejarah berbasis kearifan local. Implikasi penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya dukungan kebijakan untuk mengakomodasi sejarah lokal dalam kurikulum Pendidikan sekolah menengah atas untuk pembentukan karakter.

Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains nutrients and bioactive compounds with potential application in health, including antimicrobial properties. To date, the application of fermentation to black rice to enhance its bioactivity, particularly as an antimicrobial, remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of solid fermented black rice against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. Black rice was fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae under solid-state conditions. Extraction was carried out by maceration using 96% ethanol. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the well diffusion test method, agar dilution, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fermented black rice extract showed antimicrobial activity against all tested microbes. The minimum inhibitory value obtained was 20% against all microbes, but the minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) could not be determined. The SEM analysis showed morphological changes in microbes exposed to fermented black rice extract, including cell shrinkage, elongation, and lysis in Bacillus cereus, fragmentation and irregular cell shape in Escherichia coli, cell size reduction in Staphylococcus aureus, and bleb formation in Candida albicans. These changes indicate the mechanism of microbial growth inhibition. We found that fermented black rice (EFBR) extracts produce different effects from unfermented black rice extracts (EUBR), which tend to induce biofilm formation. We propose that EFBR functions as an antimicrobial by rupturing cell walls, preventing cell division and DNA synthesis. This research provides new insights into natural antimicrobial mechanisms at the cellular level and offers a potential alternative for addressing antimicrobial resistance. Solid fermented black rice may serve as a valuable source of antimicrobial compounds for developing health products or natural preservatives.