Red galangal (Alpinia officinarum) is an Indonesian native herb rich in bioactive compounds. Fermentation is a promising method to enhance these components. This study aimed to determine the optimal fermentation time using Lactobacillus plantarum to maximize the bioactive content of red galangal flour. A Randomized Block Design was employed, with fermentation times ranging from 1 to 7 days. The fermented flour was extracted using a two-step aqueous maceration process. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were analyzed spectrophotometrically. The results showed that fermentation significantly increased both TPC and TFC compared to the unfermented control. The optimal fermentation duration was 5 days, yielding the highest TPC of 1100.74 mg GAE/100 g and a significantly higher TFC of 34.30 mg QE/100 g (P 0.01). After this point, the bioactive content began to decline. This study demonstrates that a 5-day fermentation period is optimal for enhancing the phenolic and flavonoid compounds in red galangal flour, highlighting a viable method for developing functional food ingredients.

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are increasingly deployed in critical infrastructure yet remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks that manipulate sensor data to mislead AI-based decision-making. These threats demand not only high-accuracy detection but also transparency in model reasoning. This study proposes a Hybrid Explainable AI (XAI) Framework that integrates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), SHAP-based feature interpretation, and rule-based reasoning to detect adversarial inputs in CPS environments. The framework is tested on two simulation scenarios: industrial sensor networks and autonomous traffic sign recognition. Using datasets of 10,000 samples (50% adversarial via FGSM and PGD), the model achieved an accuracy of 97.25%, precision of 96.80%, recall of 95.90%, and F1-score of 96.35%. SHAP visualizations effectively distinguished between normal and adversarial inputs, and the added explainability module increased inference time by only 8.5% over the baseline CNN (from 18.5 ms to 20.1 ms), making it suitable for real-time CPS deployment. Compared to prior methods (e.g., CNN + Grad-CAM, Random Forest + LIME), the proposed hybrid framework demonstrates superior performance and interpretability. The novelty of this work lies in its tri-level integration of predictive accuracy, explainability, and rule-based logic within a single real-time detection system—an approach not previously applied in CPS adversarial defense. This research contributes toward trustworthy AI systems that are robust, explainable, and secure by design.

"Pluang" is a mobile investment innovation product featuring various assets such as gold, stocks, cryptocurrency, mutual funds, and indices. Initially introduced to the public in 2019, its adoption saw significant growth over the first three years. However, concerns emerged as user growth slowed down and complaints escalated due to perceived burdensome product innovations. Consequently, ensuring sustained adoption across diverse user groups necessitates immediate implementation of enhanced management strategies. This study aims to identify influential factors in adopting "Pluang," including reputation, self-efficacy, usage behavior, innovation, attitude toward use, intention to use, and ease of use using the Modified Technology Acceptance Model (M-TAM). Purposive sampling gathered responses from at least 200 users considering twice the minimum data required for variable interactions and anticipating data errors during processing. Analyzed via PLS-SEM (Partial Least Square - Structured Equation Modeling), the study revealed six significant correlations among nine hypotheses—particularly involving reputation, innovation, self-efficacy—and user attitudes toward use. These findings stress the importance of boosting application reputation, promoting continuous innovation, and optimizing training/promotional campaigns for better conversion of positive attitudes into strong usage intentions

Empowering an effective work culture is the key to improving team performance to achieve the vision and mission of the Student Activity Unit (UKM), especially UKM Sakuntala. In improving the performance of the Sakuntala UKM team, they often face several challenges in terms of communication, motivation, training, performance monitoring and giving awards. To overcome these challenges, training was carried out using counseling and question and answer methods, presenting material on the concept of effective work culture in improving team performance. The research results show that an effective work culture, such as effective communication, teamwork, and motivation, has a significant impact on the performance of the Sakuntala UKM team. Material includes Empowering an Effective Work Culture, Collaboration and Teamwork, and the Role of Leaders. The results of this outreach show that all members of UKM Sakuntala have a fairly good understanding of effective work culture and understand enough about improving teamwork. This counseling also emphasizes the importance of harmonious relationships between leaders and subordinates, as well as a conducive work environment. It is hoped that this counseling can help Sakuntala UKM members develop a more effective work culture, improve communication skills, strengthen the performance of the Sakuntala UKM team, and provide insight into facing the challenges that exist in the organization. This provides a strong foundation for empowering a more effective work culture in the future for Sakuntala.

The enactment of Law No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation (UU Cipta Kerja) aims to simplify bureaucracy, attract investment, and create job opportunities in Indonesia. However, its implementation has raised legal uncertainties, particularly following the Constitutional Court’s ruling that deemed the law conditionally unconstitutional. Concerns have also emerged from labor unions and environmental organizations regarding its potential impact on workers’ rights and environmental sustainability. This study analyzes the legal and public policy perspectives of UU Cipta Kerja by evaluating its impact on investment, employment, and legal certainty. Using a qualitative approach with a document study method, this research examines legal documents, policy regulations, and court rulings, supplemented by expert interviews. The findings reveal that the law contributed to an 8.3% increase in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in its first year, reaching IDR 454 trillion in 2021. However, contract workers increased by 25%, raising concerns about job security. Additionally, five constitutional challenges were filed against the law in 2023, reflecting legal uncertainty. Weaknesses in environmental oversight were also identified due to relaxed business licensing requirements. These findings suggest that while UU Cipta Kerja supports investment growth, stronger legal safeguards and monitoring mechanisms are needed to ensure balanced benefits for all stakeholders. This study contributes to discussions on labor and investment policies by emphasizing the need for inclusive regulatory reforms that align economic growth with legal stability and worker protection.
 

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) present significant opportunities for the creative industry in digitizing and monetizing artistic works. However, a major challenge arises in copyright protection, particularly in Indonesia, which has yet to establish specific regulations addressing NFTs within its intellectual property (IP) law framework. Currently, legal protection relies on Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright, which does not fully accommodate the characteristics of blockchain technology. This study aims to analyze copyright protection in Indonesia's NFT ecosystem, compare it with regulatory frameworks in the United States and the European Union, and provide policy recommendations that are more adaptive to the advancement of digital technology. The research adopts a normative juridical approach, incorporating comparative legal analysis and empirical studies through interviews with 15 key stakeholders, including digital artists and legal practitioners. The findings indicate that 78% of respondents perceive Indonesia’s current regulatory framework as ineffective in protecting NFT copyrights, whereas regulatory developments in the United States and the European Union have successfully reduced NFT copyright disputes by 40% over the past five years. Additionally, an analysis of 30 NFT-related disputes on OpenSea and Rarible reveals that 65% of cases involve copyright claims that cannot be effectively resolved through national legal mechanisms. This study recommends implementing a takedown notice mechanism, integrating smart contracts for creator royalties, and strengthening digital arbitration frameworks within Indonesia’s legal system. With clearer regulations, Indonesia’s NFT ecosystem is expected to develop with stronger legal protections for digital content creators

Due to the variety of types of flowers that exist and having and tracking each variety, making plant lovers and cultivators difficult to distinguish in determining the type of flower, it takes a very long time to find out the type of flower if you only rely on the five senses. With the application of the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm and feature extraction of color and texture, it is very helpful in image processing to identify flowers more easily and shorten the time, with the greatest accuracy of 71% using the K-7 value, the flower was successfully carried out.

Juvenile criminal justice in Indonesia is an important aspect of the justice system that focuses on protecting the rights of children in conflict with the law. One of the efforts regulated in Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System (SPPA) is diversity, which aims to prevent children from the judicial process that can harm their future. This study aims to analyze the protection of children's rights in the criminal justice process, as well as the implementation of diversity in the juvenile criminal justice system in Indonesia. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis, through literature studies and interviews with various related parties, such as judges, prosecutors, and community counselors. The results of the study indicate that although there are efforts to protect children's rights in criminal justice, the implementation of diversity still faces a number of challenges, including a lack of understanding among law enforcement officers, limited facilities, and a mismatch between policies and practices in the field. This study suggests the need to increase the capacity of law enforcement officers and other stakeholders in understanding and implementing diversity efforts optimally, as well as the need for policy evaluation to improve the effectiveness of child protection in criminal justice.

MTs Darunnajah 2 Cipining is a dormitory-based institution, often referred to as an Islamic boarding school, which fosters a greater sense of independence among its students compared to non-dormitory schools. This research aims to explore the strategies employed by students to enhance their competitiveness in mathematics at MTs Darunnajah 2 Cipining.
The findings reveal the distinct characteristics that students exhibit when competing in their mathematics lessons at this institution.

Penelitian ini berjudul "Perancangan Sistem Informasi Penjualan Model Negosiasi Menggunakan Object Oriented" yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan aplikasi sistem informasi penjualan berbasis web untuk Toko Dariku Indonesia. Dengan semakin pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi, e-commerce menjadi metode pemasaran yang penting bagi perusahaan. Toko Dariku Indonesia, yang bergerak dalam penjualan piyama, menghadapi tantangan dalam meningkatkan efisiensi administrasi dan penjualan melalui platform online. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi kebutuhan akan website yang dapat mengelola transaksi penjualan online dengan fitur tawar menawar. Metode yang digunakan adalah Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) dengan pendekatan ICONIX, yang berfokus pada kebutuhan pengguna. Penelitian ini mencakup perancangan dan implementasi website yang memungkinkan konsumen untuk melakukan negosiasi harga, serta pengelolaan data transaksi oleh administrator. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efektivitas layanan dan penjualan Toko Dariku Indonesia, serta menjadi referensi bagi pengembangan website serupa di masa depan.