This article discusses the development of an e-commerce website for a batik store as an effort to digitize marketing and improve operational efficiency. The study focuses on system development strategies, integration of essential features such as product catalogs, shopping carts, digital payment methods, and their impact on customer accessibility. A descriptive qualitative approach was used, employing observation, interviews with the store owner, and a literature review related to e-commerce and digital marketing for MSMEs. The analysis results show that the implementation of a web-based digital platform can expand market reach, enhance customer convenience in shopping, and support more organized and structured transaction recording. The website development was carried out using the Waterfall method to ensure a step-by-step and structured process. These findings indicate that digital transformation through an e-commerce website is a strategic solution for batik MSMEs in facing modern market challenges.

Durability is defined as a measure of a rock's resistance to weathering and disintegration when the rock undergoes weathering processes over a short period of time. The susceptibility of rocks to disintegration is related to their low durability. Rock durability is often measured using the slake durability test. The slake durability test is widely used to assess physical changes resulting from wetting-drying processes (Franklin and Chandra, 1972). Therefore, slake durability testing is conducted to understand the weathering of rocks caused by heat and water, particularly clay stones which are one of the constituent rocks on a slope. The sampling location is around Sanga-sanga and Muara Badak. Sampling was conducted with coordinate points and the Balikpapan and Kampungbaru formations. The claystone samples taken were then brought to the Mineral and Coal Technology Laboratory of the Engineering Faculty of Mulawarman University for Slake Durability tests. In this study, the lowest index value obtained was 45.7% and the highest value was 93%, indicating high to very high durability. The difference in the durability index values of claystone at the research locations indicates the presence of variables that can affect the slake durability index values of the claystone in the Balikpapan and Kampungbaru formations, including grain size and mineral content as well as geological conditions at the research site. Based on the results of the claystone durability tests, the durability index value (Id2) was obtained, indicating that the sandstone at the research location falls into the classification of high to low.

Compressive strength is one of the mechanical properties of rock behavior. This study focuses on the Balikpapan and Kampungbaru Formations located in the Kutai Kartanegara area, East Kalimantan. The Schmidt Hammer testing method was applied due to the lack of previous studies utilizing this tool to evaluate rock hardness in correlation with compressive strength. The research site is situated in the Kutai Kartanegara area, specifically in the districts of Muara Badak, Muara Jawa, and Sanga-Sanga. Field observations revealed the presence of claystone slopes at predetermined locations. Based on the test results, the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) values for the Balikpapan Formation range from 3.453 MPa to 5.454 MPa, while the Kampungbaru Formation ranges from 3.317 MPa to 8.571 MPa. The Schmidt Hammer rebound number (RN) values for the Balikpapan Formation range from 17 to 19.6, and for the Kampungbaru Formation from 15 to 23.7. A negative correlation was found between the rebound number and UCS, where higher RN values tend to correspond with lower UCS values. This is supported by the linear regression analysis showing a negative coefficient (-0.450).
 

In the Kutai Basin area, seasonal changes such as high rainfall can significantly increase groundwater content, so that the effect of water content on the shear strength of claystone, increasing water content in rocks tends to decrease shear strength. Water in the pores or fractures can increase pore water pressure and reduce effective normal stress. Shear strength is one of the most important mechanical parameters used to assess soil and rock stability, this parameter is very important in slope stability analysis, foundation planning, and various civil engineering and mining applications. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine whether the water content in rocks can affect the strength of rocks in receiving shear forces. The method used in this study is more quantitative and specific to the effect of water content on the shear strength of claystone in this area. Increasing water content in rocks tends to reduce shear strength. This study was conducted by taking claystone samples from several locations in the Kutai Basin. Data collection in the form of primary data and secondary data for testing physical properties and testing mechanical properties, in testing physical properties, the water content value will be taken as supporting data which is one of the factors that affect rock strength, in testing mechanical properties, claystone shear strength data will be taken. From the results of the physical properties test calculations, the air content in each Formation is obtained, namely, in the Kampungbaru Formation the minimum air content value is 15.54% and the maximum is 20.17%, in the Balikpapan Formation the minimum air content value is 10.21% and the maximum is 12,88%, in the Palaubalang Formation the minimum air content value is 10.49% and the maximum is 22.87%. The results of the strength of the claystone in receiving shear forces in the Kutai Basin are the Muara Jawa location 0.486MPa, Tanah Datar location 0.500 MPa, Sanga-sanga location 0.333 MPa, Muara Badak location 0.269, Air Putih location 0.711MPa, Mugirejo location 0.021 MPa and Lempake location 0.092 MPa.

To preserve the environment and culture, the people of Tawun Village in Ngawi Regency routinely carry out the Keduk Beji tradition once a year. This tradition is an annual ritual to clean Sendang Tawun, which aims to maintain ecological balance and prevent the emergence of disasters or plagues. The routine of the Tawun community in carrying out this tradition is based on the oral tradition of “the legend of Sendang Tawun” regarding the origin of Tawun Village. The existence of a tradition that is closely related to the environment has a significant impact on the ecological balance in Tawun Village. This study aims to (1) describe the correlation between Keduk Beji tradition and the legend of Sendang Tawun, (2) describe the procession of the Keduk Beji tradition, and (3) describe the implementation of deep ecology environmental ethics in the Keduk Beji tradition. This research is qualitative research with the object of study being the Keduk Beji oral tradition carried out in Tawun Village, Ngawi Regency. The method used in this study is ethnography, which provides a comprehensive understanding of the impact of implementing the Keduk Beji tradition. Data collection techniques are done through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The study results show that the Tawun community applies environmental ethics (principles of deep ecology), which are guided by the values ??inherited from their ancestors. This study distinguishes between empirical reality in the form of cultural practices of the community in the Keduk Beji tradition and ideal values contained in the principles of deep ecology as a reference in environmental conservation.

Disposal area is an area at an open pit mine that is used as a place to store or dispose of worthless materials. Disposal must also follow the specified safety factor standards, if the disposal design is not safe after being analyzed by a geotechnical engineer, the design must be redesigned to achieve the desired safety factor value. One way to increase the fk value is to make a Counterweight plan in making disposal. Where Counterweight is a fill material that is made with special treatment so that the soil bearing capacity increases which functions to withstand the load on it. Landslides on disposal slopes are one of the serious problems faced in mining activities, especially in areas with vulnerable geological and topographic conditions. PT Jembayan Muarabara, which operates in Marangkayu District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, is no exception to this challenge. The A–A’ cross section shows a safety factor value of 1.118 in saturated conditions, which indicates that the slope is at a stable limit and needs to be improved through engineering such as adding counterweights. The B–B’ cross-section has a safety factor value of 2.332, which is included in the safe category and has met the provisions of the ESDM Ministerial Decree No. 1827 K/30/MEM/2018. The C-C’ cross-section has a safety factor value of 1.511, which is included in the safe category and has met the provisions of the ESDM Ministerial Decree No. 1827 K/30/MEM/2018.

The mining system applied by PT Bukit Baiduri Energi is an open pit mining system utilizing the open-pit method. The application of the open-pit method creates a depression that has a high potential to become a catchment area for both surface runoff and groundwater. In the mining pit of PT Bukit Baiduri Energi, there is a sump located at an elevation of -86 meters above sea level (mdpl). The planned mining boundary is at an elevation of -110 mdpl. Therefore, this research aims to determine the area of the catchment, runoff discharge values, sump capacity, and pump capacity, so that the volume of incoming water can be known, allowing for the control of the sump to prevent overflow that could disrupt mining activities.. Based on the data obtained and the calculations performed, the catchment area was found to be 103.42 ha. In the calculation of runoff discharge using the rational method, the total runoff discharge entering sump A9 was found to be 4,211.66 m3/day. The capacity of the sump was measured at 125,187.62 m3. In the pump capacity calculation, the pump capacity based on the pumping discharge was found to be 2,926.80 m3/day.

Students' understanding of the concept of motion of objects on inclined planes still shows obstacles, especially when applied in real practice. This study aims to see the extent to which students understand the concept through simple experiments and questionnaires. The main focus of the study was on the results of the practicum, where the block slid faster on a smooth plane (an average of 1.25 seconds) than on a rough plane (an average of 1.61 seconds). This time difference reflects the effect of friction on the motion of objects, but some students were unable to explain the difference correctly. This indicates that there are still misconceptions in understanding the concepts of force and motion. Meanwhile, the results of the questionnaire only reinforced that most students felt the need for direct practice to understand this material. Thus, a practice-based learning approach is very important to strengthen students' conceptual understanding in Basic Physics courses.
 

West Java is a province rich in history, culture, and traditions that form an essential part of Indonesia's national identity. Culture-based education plays a strategic role in shaping the character and cultural appreciation of younger generations toward the nation's heritage. This study employs a qualitative approach by introducing elements of West Javanese culture to students at SDN Sepang, Serang City, through visual learning media. The visuals depict cultural elements such as Jaipong dance, Wayang Golek puppetry, Angklung musical instruments, traditional clothing, and regional cuisine. The findings indicate that visual media effectively enhances students' interest and understanding of local culture while fostering a sense of pride and love for cultural heritage. The pedagogical approach, inspired by the Montessori method, offers students the freedom to explore, thereby promoting creativity and independence in learning about culture. This cultural learning not only preserves traditional values but also serves as a means of social transformation in addressing the challenges of globalization. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating local culture into the formal education curriculum, the need for teacher training, and community involvement to support sustainable cultural education. Therefore, culture-based education can serve as a strong foundation for cultivating knowledgeable, culturally-rooted, and character-driven future generations, contributing to sustainable national development.

This study aimed to develop a competency-based performance evaluation model for mathematics teachers at the junior secondary level. Recognizing the crucial role of teacher quality in student achievement, the study focused on measurable aspects of performance, including content mastery, instructional management, and professional commitment. A quantitative approach was employed using a research and development (R&D) framework, supported by a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control groups. Data were collected via structured questionnaires, classroom observations, interviews, and expert validations through focus group discussions. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, ANOVA, t-tests, and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS and LISREL. The results indicated that the developed model effectively differentiated teacher performance across various school categories, with 45% categorized as good, 53% adequate, and 2% poor. Student achievement was positively correlated, with 82% achieving the minimum competency threshold. The factor analysis confirmed a valid measurement model: F1 = 0.505ZX1 + 0.475ZX2 + 0.308ZX3, explaining 57.92% of the variance in teacher performance. The findings suggest that teacher evaluation must integrate multidimensional competencies and contextual factors to be accurate and actionable. This study contributes a validated, data-driven evaluation framework aligned with national standards and global educational expectations, offering practical implications for policy, supervision, and teacher development.