This study aims to analyze the development strategy of shoe washing and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in facing increasingly tight competition. Shoe washing SMEs, as one of the business sectors with great potential, often face serious challenges, such as limited capital, low use of technology, and inconsistent service quality. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method on several urban laundry SMEs, which are analyzed using the Swot theoretical framework and Porter's Five Forces model. The results of the study show that laundry SMEs have strengths in competitive prices, proximity to customers, and strategic locations. However, the main weakness found is the lack of utilization of technology and innovation in services, which hinders business competitiveness. Existing opportunities, such as increasing awareness of sustainability-based services and digitalization, provide space for business development. The threat of competition with laundry franchises and changes in customer preferences that are increasingly moving towards fast and efficient services, are serious challenges for SMEs. Based on the results of the analysis, the recommended development strategies include the use of digital technology for management and marketing, improving service quality, innovation in types of services, and product diversification to attract new customers.

This study aims to analyze the effect of service quality and price on consumer satisfaction in Grab online transportation services in Bogor City. The study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method, involving 63 respondents who are active Grab users. Data were obtained through a structured questionnaire and have been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis process was carried out using multiple linear regression to identify the simultaneous and partial effects between independent variables, namely service quality and price, on the dependent variable, namely consumer satisfaction. Prior to analysis, classical assumption tests were conducted including multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and normality tests to ensure the accuracy of the regression model. The results of the study indicate that service quality and price significantly affect consumer satisfaction both simultaneously and partially. This emphasizes the importance of improving service quality and determining competitive prices to maintain consumer loyalty. This study provides insights for Grab management and other online transportation sectors to optimize consumer experience-based marketing strategies. By focusing on consumer needs and improving operational aspects, companies can increase their competitiveness in an increasingly competitive market.

Christian education, which is based on the teachings of the Christian religion, has an important role in forming individual character and morals. This education system aims to instill Christian moral and ethical values in students as a guide throughout their lives. However, in the modern era which is full of dynamics and change, Christian education faces big challenges in overcoming moral decline in society. Technological developments, cultural changes, and greater access to information create an increasingly complex moral landscape. Thus, Christian education has a key role in shaping individual character and morals and providing a solid ethical foundation, although there are a series of challenges that hinder its effectiveness. This research explores how Christian ethical principles guide interactions within families and communities, as well as their role in facing moral challenges in the modern era. The family is the main center in the formation of individuals and society, where values and ethics are practiced and passed from one generation to the next. This study emphasizes the importance of respecting parents as a spiritual basis that shapes the character and morality of Christian families. Generations, born in the digital era, are faced with various moral and ethical challenges. Christian education in the family environment can provide a strong moral foundation to face the pressures and temptations around them. Character is not a fixed trait, but rather the result of various influences in a person's life. Christian education provides a deep spiritual dimension, teaching ethical values, compassion, and commitment.

Grounding incidents are among the most critical maritime accidents, posing significant threats to navigational safety, operational efficiency, and logistics continuity. This study aims to analyze the contributing factors behind the grounding of MV. Tanto Luas in the Mahakam River and to identify effective mitigation efforts. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through direct observation, interviews with ship crew, and documentation during onboard sea practice (PRALA). The findings reveal that the grounding incident was primarily caused by poor communication between MV. Tanto Luas and a tugboat, improper navigational decisions, and shallow, wave-affected waters. The Fishbone Diagram (Cause and Effect Diagram) method was used to systematically identify the root causes of the problem. Mitigation efforts included tank sounding, tidal monitoring, optimal use of navigational equipment, and improved inter-vessel coordination. The study concludes that grounding incidents can be prevented through enhanced communication, strict adherence to navigational procedures, and regular crew training. This research offers both practical and theoretical contributions to the enhancement of maritime safety in narrow waterways such as the Mahakam River.

This research aims to examine the legal limitations in the application of excessive self-defense (noodweerexces) and its implications for criminal liability in the Indonesian criminal law system. The urgency of this study stems from inconsistencies in judicial practice regarding the interpretation of reasonable limits in self-defense cases, creating legal uncertainty and potential injustice. This research employs a normative juridical method examining legal regulations, theories, principles, and court decisions related to justification and pardon in Indonesian criminal law. The findings indicate that the application of excessive self-defense requires particular attention to avoid violating fundamental principles of justice, with both objective and subjective evaluations necessary to ensure fair law enforcement. The study reveals that variations in judicial decisions necessitate clearer guidelines to ensure legal certainty, while psychological factors of perpetrators significantly influence considerations in noodweerexces assessments. This research contributes new insights by specifically integrating the analysis of objective legal standards with subjective psychological states in criminal liability determination, filling the gap left by previous studies that examined these aspects separately. The study recommends the development of standardized judicial guidelines through Supreme Court circular letters (SEMA) and mandatory training for judges on psychological assessment in self-defense cases, as well as the incorporation of forensic psychology experts in the judicial process for noodweerexces cases.

Indonesia's financial reforms, starting in 2003, introduced accrual-based Government Accounting Standards (PP No. 71/2010) for transparent and efficient financial management. The Provincial Government of Yogyakarta (DIY) is required to produce accurate financial reports, including inventory management under PSAP No. 05. BPKA DIY plays a key role but faces challenges due to discrepancies between financial and inventory systems. This study examines the importance of an integrated inventory accounting system in improving the quality of financial reporting at BPKA DIY, offering recommendations to enhance efficiency and transparency.

Public trust in the legal system plays a pivotal role in ensuring the legitimacy and effectiveness of law enforcement in democratic societies. In Indonesia, recurring issues such as judicial inconsistency, law enforcement bias, and unequal access to legal services have contributed to a crisis of confidence among citizens. This study aims to investigate the determinants of public trust in Indonesia’s legal system and to explore the broader social implications through a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with key informants—including legal academics, activists, and citizens—complemented by media content, court rulings, and NGO reports. Thematic analysis, facilitated by ATLAS.ti, revealed three primary dimensions of legal trust: procedural justice, distributive justice, and restorative justice. Key findings show that personal experiences with legal institutions, media portrayal of legal cases, and the quality of institutional communication significantly influence public perceptions of the legal system. Participants who experienced discrimination or unequal treatment expressed higher levels of distrust, while others acknowledged the credibility of institutions such as the Constitutional Court. This study also finds that a lack of proactive and empathetic institutional communication undermines transparency and public legitimacy. The research contributes theoretically by integrating sociological and legal perspectives to understand how legal legitimacy is socially constructed. Practically, the findings highlight the need for structural and communicative reforms to rebuild public confidence in legal institutions. Ultimately, this study argues that trust in the legal system cannot be restored solely through legal formalism, but must also involve participatory engagement and equitable access to justice, especially in the context of Indonesia's evolving socio-political landscape.

Character education is one of the essential elements that must be systematically integrated into every aspect of higher education implementation, including the management of human resources (HR), which serves as a key pillar in the execution of education. This study aims to identify and analyze how character-oriented human resource management is implemented at Universitas Linggabuana PGRI Sukabumi. The research method used is qualitative descriptive, with data collection techniques including interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study show that HR management strategies are carried out through value-based staff selection, character training, integration of character values into the curriculum, and performance evaluations that emphasize integrity and work ethics. This approach fosters an organizational culture that continuously supports the development of student character. The implications of these findings indicate that HR management integrated with character education can strengthen the university’s mission to produce graduates who are not only competent but also morally grounded. This research provides an important contribution to the development of value-based HR management models and serves as a reference for higher education policies focused on character formation.

The Philosophy of Islamic Education serves as the main foundation that guides the spiritual and intellectual development of each individual. As a solid foundation, this philosophy not only acts as a conceptual framework, but also spreads into the essence of education, shaping personality, and directing the mind towards a deeper understanding of knowledge and spirituality. This article aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of how Islamic educational philosophy can be a strong foundation for forming spiritual and intellectual intelligence. The method used is descriptive qualitative with library research, this research does not need to go into the field, but simply utilizes several sources of data in this article is done by searching the literature from various sources online according to the focus of the research. Data acquisition techniques are carried out by searching online books, scientific journals, and Google Scholar sources.The results of the discussion in this article show that Islamic Education Philosophy is the basis for creating spiritual and intellectual intelligence by emphasizing the integration of Islamic values ??in forming character through holistic education, and involving the principles and indicators of spiritual and intellectual intelligence., as well as the integration of Islamic teachings in the process of forming a balanced character and personality.

Pelatihan desain grafis berbasis Canva untuk siswa SMK Walisongo Semarang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan desain grafis yang relevan dengan kebutuhan industri digital. Metode pelatihan yang digunakan merupakan kombinasi ceramah dan praktikum berbasis asistensi. Ceramah menyampaikan teori dasar desain grafis dan pengenalan platform Canva, sementara praktikum memberikan kesempatan bagi siswa untuk mengaplikasikan pengetahuan dalam proyek desain yang relevan. Hasil dari kuesioner pra dan pasca pelatihan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang signifikan dalam pemahaman peserta. Skor pada aspek teori sedikit menurun dari 94% menjadi 90%, namun pemahaman desain meningkat dari 78% menjadi 82%, dan pemahaman produksi file/output melonjak drastis dari 52% menjadi 94%. Peningkatan ini menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan berhasil meningkatkan keterampilan teknis dan pemahaman peserta, memungkinkan mereka untuk mengaplikasikan konsep desain secara efektif dan menghasilkan output yang siap digunakan. Evaluasi ini juga mengindikasikan bahwa metode pelatihan berbasis praktikum dan asistensi sangat efektif dalam meningkatkan kepercayaan diri dan keterampilan peserta, yang sangat relevan dengan tuntutan dunia kerja.