The structure of the Windows operating system plays an important role in supporting the operational performance of computers, especially in business environments and professional users. This system is designed with a modular and layered architecture, which includes various components such as Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL), I/O device manager, virtual memory management, and an integrated security system. Windows also supports energy management and plug-and-play mechanisms, which improve power efficiency and hardware compatibility. This architectural approach allows Windows to optimize interactions between hardware and applications, supports multitasking, and provides an efficient user interface. Thus, the structure of the Windows operating system is able to significantly improve device performance, which leads to optimization of operational performance.

This study examines ethnomathematics in traditional tools of the Malay ethnic group at the North Sumatra Provincial Museum, encompassing ceremonial and livelihood tools. The research employs a qualitative approach using ethnographic methods to explore the mathematical concepts embedded in these objects. Ceremonial tools such as bentan, tiered trays, incense burners, and glass holders were analyzed based on geometric concepts such as circles, cylinders, ratios, and sequences, while livelihood tools such as goat hoofs, horns, sickle, and one-sided fish traps represent spatial geometry, symmetry, and volume concepts. The findings reveal that these traditional objects not only serve practical purposes but also contain mathematical and philosophical values reflecting Malay culture. These tools can be utilized as context-based mathematics learning media, helping students understand mathematics through the lens of local culture. This study emphasizes the significant role of ethnomathematics in integrating education with cultural preservation while strengthening local identity in the era of globalization.

This project involves the development of audiovisual learning media using the Geogebra Classic program, which specifically focuses on building materials for Class V at SDN 105380. This study is based on the inadequate use of technology by educators, especially in the application of learning media for teaching mathematics. To improve the teaching of mathematics using building materials, audiovisual learning media using the Geogebra Classic 5 program was created to diversify math learning resources and increase student engagement in math classes. This study uses ADDIE paradigm. This Model represents analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. This study involved a cohort of 32 students from Class V SDN 105380. This research instrument uses questionnaires that include validation questionnaires for two experts, instructor effectiveness questionnaires, and student effectiveness questionnaires. The findings of this study indicate the creation of appropriate resources for the learning process, achieving an average value of 80% in the very feasible category according to the material validator, and a value of 88% in the very feasible category according to the media validator. The efficacy of Learning media resulted in scores of 93% for teacher responses and 87% for student responses, indicating that the criteria for Learning media are very successful. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the audio-visual learning media assisted by the geogebra application has been declared very feasible and effective.

A positive school environment is essential to support individual learning and growth and create effective and productive learning experiences. Good classroom management is also crucial for creating conducive conditions, removing barriers and providing facilities that support students' development according to their social, emotional and intellectual needs. This study used a qualitative method with questionnaire and interview instruments to collect descriptive data from students and teachers. The results showed that in class XII IPA, a conducive classroom atmosphere plays a big role in supporting learning, while in class XI IPS, effective classroom management is more important to create a safe and comfortable environment. Non-academic activities, such as the JB4 program, increased student engagement and improved the school environment. Overall, the collaboration between teachers, students and school programs creates an environment that supports optimal student development.
 

In everyday life, decision making is an unavoidable activity, both in personal, organizational and societal contexts. Each individual or group is often faced with various alternative choices, where each choice has certain consequences. In your career, decision making is very important. In making a decision there are definitely factors that influence it. In this research, the author used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method This research uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach with data sources originating from previous journal literature.  Data collection was carried out by documenting all articles and journals that were relevant to this research. From 20 similar articles, researchers took 10 articles to analyze and summarize. The results of this research show that the factors that influence career decision making are internal factors which include self-efficacy, motivation, interests, skills and personal perceptions, which are the psychological and emotional basis for individuals in determining their career direction, as well as external factors such as family support, the environment. Social, economic opportunities, capital, and market conditions play a significant role in providing resources and external incentives that support career decision making.

The gig economy has emerged as a global phenomenon, reshaping traditional work patterns, including in Indonesia. While offering flexibility to workers, this work model poses significant challenges concerning legal protection, especially in work relationships mediated by digital platforms. Gig workers often find themselves in vulnerable positions due to insufficient regulations and an imbalance in bargaining power between them and digital platforms. This study aims to analyze the legal protection for gig economy workers in Indonesia from a civil law perspective, highlighting gaps in existing regulations and offering recommendations for reform. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method. Data were obtained through literature review, analysis of electronic work contracts, and comparisons with gig economy regulations in other countries, such as the European Union and the United States. The findings reveal that electronic work contracts used by digital platforms in Indonesia are often unfair and favor the platforms. Furthermore, Indonesia’s gig economy regulations do not provide adequate protection, unlike countries such as the European Union, which have established minimum standards for gig workers' protection. This imbalance adversely affects gig workers’ welfare, including financial insecurity and lack of access to social security. This study contributes to the development of a more inclusive and equitable regulatory framework for gig workers in Indonesia. The implications include the need for civil law reforms to govern gig economy work relationships and the use of technology as a tool to enhance legal oversight. This research also lays the groundwork for future studies exploring the implementation of gig economy regulations in the context of other developing countries.

This research analyzes the growth of electric bicycles and efforts to prevent traffic accidents in Indonesia. The method used is a literature study to collect and analyze data from various sources. The results show that stricter regulations, supportive infrastructure development, and traffic safety education are needed to reduce the risk of accidents. Consistent law enforcement is also key in reducing the number of accidents involving electric bicycles. With these steps, it is hoped that a safer driving environment can be created for electric bicycle users in Indonesia.

Perizinan kembang api merupakan aspek penting dalam menjaga keamanan dan ketertiban umum dalam penyelenggaraan kegiatan keramaian di Indonesia. Kembang api yang sering digunakan dalam acara perayaan berisiko tinggi jika tidak diawasi dengan ketat. Oleh karena itu, peraturan hukum terkait perizinan kembang api sangat krusial untuk memastikan penggunaannya berlangsung aman. Artikel ini membahas pengaturan perizinan kembang api di Indonesia, yang mengacu pada kewenangan Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia (Polri) dalam memberikan izin keramaian dan pengawasan terhadap kegiatan masyarakat yang berpotensi menimbulkan gangguan ketertiban. Peraturan yang mengatur izin keramaian ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan suasana yang kondusif dan untuk menghindari kecelakaan atau keonaran. Izin keramaian dibedakan menjadi tiga jenis, yaitu izin keramaian biasa, izin keramaian dengan kembang api, dan izin keramaian terkait penyampaian pendapat di muka umum. Setiap jenis izin memiliki persyaratan yang berbeda, termasuk izin khusus untuk penyulutan kembang api dengan efek ledakan tertentu. Selain itu, artikel ini juga mengkaji dasar hukum perizinan kembang api yang meliputi Undang-Undang Kepolisian dan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana. Penegakan hukum terkait pelanggaran perizinan kembang api diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, dengan sanksi pidana bagi pelanggar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman mendalam dan komprehensif tentang pengaturan dan mekanisme penegakan hukum terkait perizinan kembang api di Indonesia.

Suji leaves contain a green pigment, namely chlorophyll. Suji leaf chlorophyll and its derivative compounds provide health benefits due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. This research aims to produce suji leaf chlorophyll extract yogurt with antioxidant activity, soluble protein levels, and high numbers of lactic acid bacteria. This research used a completely randomized factorial design (CRD) consisting of 2 factors, namely the concentration of added chlorophyll extract (1%, 2%, 3%) and variations in fermentation time (6 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours). The research results showed that suji leaf chlorophyll extract yogurt with antioxidant activity, high levels of soluble protein, and a high number of lactic acid bacteria was found in the treatment with the addition of 3 percent chlorophyll and a fermentation time of 10 hours. In this treatment, suji leaf chlorophyll yogurt was obtained with antioxidant activity of 59.20 percent, dissolved protein content of 128.80 mg BSA/100 ml, total sugar content of 71.92 g glucose/100 ml, fat content of 5.91 percent, total chlorophyll of 2 .39 mg/L, viscosity 10.00 cP; color L* (brightness) 77.09, color a* (reddish) -5.80, color b* (yellowish) 9.35 and total Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) around 8.08 Log CFU/mL. Yogurt, with the addition of suji leaf chlorophyll extract, has the potential to be an excellent alternative to functional food for consumption.

This study introduces OLGA (Ocean Lomban Game), an innovative learning media integrating local wisdom to enhance marine ecology education for fifth-grade elementary students. Given the serious threats to global marine resources from human activities and climate change, early aquatic ecology and conservation education is crucial. OLGA incorporates the traditional Lomban Kupatan ritual from Tayu, Pati, emphasizing ecological balance and cultural heritage. Using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation), the research involved evaluating current curriculum needs, designing a storyboard, developing the game with MIT App Inventor and animation videos, and implementing it in a classroom setting. Pre-tests and post-tests were conducted to measure effectiveness. The results indicated that OLGA significantly improved students' interest and performance in learning marine ecology. Validation by experts confirmed the media's suitability and effectiveness. Teacher and student feedback highlighted its practicality and ease of use, making OLGA a promising educational tool. The study concludes that OLGA effectively combines science education with local cultural elements to foster ecological awareness among students.