This study examines the complex interplay between formal legal structures, customary practices, and rapid urban development in shaping land ownership dynamics in Batam's old villages (kampung tua). Through a qualitative case study approach, incorporating document analysis, semi-structured interviews, and field observations, we investigate the challenges in reconciling traditional land rights with modern property laws in the context of Batam's development as a free trade zone. Our findings reveal that approximately 70% of land parcels in the studied villages lack formal titles, highlighting the prevalence of informal ownership systems. The research identifies significant legal pluralism, where national land laws, local regulations, and customary (adat) practices coexist and often conflict. Notaries emerge as key actors navigating this complex landscape, often expanding beyond their formal mandate to mediate between different systems of authority and ownership. The study underscores the limitations of current legal frameworks in addressing the unique challenges of land administration in rapidly urbanizing areas with strong customary traditions. We propose the need for more adaptive land governance approaches that can accommodate both formal and informal ownership structures, including specialized legal frameworks for recognizing customary land rights in urban contexts. This research contributes to the broader understanding of land rights issues in the face of rapid urban development and offers insights for policymakers, legal practitioners, and urban planners grappling with similar challenges in other developing regions.

One of the main problems faced in the management of cooperatives in Indonesia today is the level of competence of human resources within the cooperative, and the level of financial competence in the sustainability of cooperatives is one of the few parts of human resource competence in cooperative development that needs to be considered. Theoretical and practical understanding of cooperative managers regarding the recording and reporting of cooperative finances in accordance with accounting standards is carried out in this community service. The method used is called Participatory Action Research, and involves eight steps. Feedback from the community shows that after a period of intensive outreach by the community outreach team, KPRI Rukun Kendal can conduct consultations and business exchanges in accordance with the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise Exchange Standards. The assistance provided by the community service team to the KPRI Rukun Kendal cooperative managers is ongoing. Although community service activities have been completed, the evaluation and follow-up of the evaluation results

Marketing mix adalah strategi pemasaran produk yang digunakan bisnis untuk bersaing dalam dunia bisnis yang kompetitif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan strategi pemasaran yang tepat sehingga dapat meningkatkan omset dan laba penjualan produk toreko. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut harus mengadopsi dan memperkuat kebijakan di empat bidang yang terkait dengan pengaruh strategi bauran pemasaran (Marketing Mix) terhadap efektivitas volume penjualan pada usaha toreko ini

Esources such as capital and office infrastructure. Human resources are the most important thing for an institution, because humans have the ability to set goals, collaborate, and work so that planned goals are achieved. Likewise, it is no less important than the office infrastructure in an institution that has a big influence in efforts to increase work efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore, an institution really needs office infrastructure that can be used by employees in carrying out their duties and responsibilities so that administrative activities and other operational activities can run well and smoothly.
Office infrastructure is one of the factors that supports the success of an institution in achieving the organization's goals. Office facilities and infrastructure are an important part that need to be prepared ideally and continuously so that they can ensure the smooth running of employee work activities. Considering that office facilities and infrastructure are very important in efforts to facilitate employee work activities, therefore it is necessary to manage adequate facilities and infrastructure.
Means are anything that is used as a tool to achieve aims and objectives, means are more indicated for moving objects such as computers and machines. Infrastructure is something that is the main support for the implementation of the process (Business, Development, Project), infrastructure is more indicated for immovable objects such as buildings, space, land. Work effectiveness is a condition that shows the level of success of management activities in achieving goals including quantity work, quality of work, and timeliness in completing work. Effectiveness is often associated with an efficient system, so that the service process takes place effectively, optimally and on time, thereby eliminating the need for overtime work with its implications. The efficiency of work processes, the level of effectiveness of office technology users, and the comfort of the work environment will directly and indirectly influence employee performance in completing assigned tasks. Apart from that, there are also various factors that influence work effectiveness, including: time, tasks, productivity, motivation, work evaluation, supervision, work environment, equipment and facilities. It is logical and appropriate if increasing effectiveness is made one of the government's long-term targets in implementing its strategy.
Based on the phenomena presented above, it is clear that the Office of Industry, Trade, Energy and Mineral Resources of North Sumatra Province has not been well managed regarding infrastructure and has not complied with the appropriate regulatory principles. Problems like this should be addressed immediately and maximized so that in the future it can be as good as it should be. If this is resolved, it will certainly create a comfortable and conducive atmosphere so that employees can carry out their work responsibilities well and optimally. Therefore, the researcher was interested and conducted research as a result of an internship, with the title "The influence of the lack of office infrastructure on the effectiveness of employee performance

Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang lunturnya tradisi gugur gunung dan dampak yang ditimbulkannya, di desa Mundusewu, kecamatan Bareng, Jombang. Tradisi gugur gunung (atau dengan sebutan lain) yang mengandung nilai-nilai luhur, seperti kerekatan, guyub, dan oorientasi pada kepentingan bersama, perlahan-lahan semakin luntur bahkan mulai hilang keberadaannya. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Perspektif teori menggunakan kerangka pemikiran evolusi untuk menjelaskan realitas yang di kaji. Kajian ini menghasilkan beberapa kesimpulan : (1) Proses luntur dan hilangnya tardisi gugur gung terjadi ketika terjadi perubahan kepemilikan lahan pertanian, yang secara tidak langsung pemerintahan desa terlibat dalam proses tersebut, (2) Alokasi anggaran dari pemerintah untuk pembangunan desa, yang menyebabkan warga desa kehilangan kemandirian, dan tergantung kepada pemerintah, (3)  Luntur dan hilangnya tradisi ini berdampak pada berbagai bidang; ekonomi, sosial, dan kebudayaan.

The work POLA-POLA was inspired by the online game Higgs Domino where the creator was interested in the algorithmic patterns of the game. This game is not only played by teenagers but is also played by children and even the elderly. This game has its own uniqueness, namely that there are boxes where the spin moves from top to bottom so that wins and losses appear in the box. The artist interpreted these boxes in the work POLA-POLA by using six cubes of different sizes and each side has a different color, consisting of red, yellow, green and white. In creating the dance work entitled POLA-OLA, the methods of observation, exploration, improvisation and formation were used. Supporting the work consists of six dancers, namely three male dancers and three female dancers. The POLA-POLA dance work was performed at the Hoerijah Adam Performance Building, Padangpanjang Indonesian Arts Institute. This dance work is presented in the form of a contemporary dance work.

A sports center is a place that accommodates various types of sports activities that can increase a person's physical, mental and social potential in certain fields in a region. The aim of this research is to design a suitable sports center by creating a friendly and inclusive environment for all users and minimizing accessibility barriers. Designing a sports center can be a forum for all users by paying attention to several factors and supporting architectural elements by applying Universal Design principles. The research method used is a qualitative method through ideas by collecting data which includes literature studies and case studies of typologies or similar themes, then followed by analysis as a design guide. The results of the study of the application of the universal design concept to the design of sports centers by applying the principles of universal design, namely the existence of special paths for disabled users, ramps that will be used as a means of vertical connection between floors, providing accessible places for wheelchair users, making signs and clear information so that visitors can access it more easily, creating open circulation that is safe and comfortable for visitors.
 

Dry noodles are dried food products made from wheat flour with the addition of other foods and food additives which are allowed to be in the form of typical noodles. The high increase in consumption and demand for noodles will simultaneously increase the volume of wheat imports. Excessive consumption of wheat flour will have an allergic effect for celiac sufferers. Sweet potato pasta as a local food can be used to reduce on imported flour and provide health effects as an antioxidant for people with diabetes mellitus. The difference in sweet potato color can affect the physicochemical and functional characteristics of sweet potatoes. In the steaming process, starch gelatinization and gluten coagulation occur so that the occurrence of dehydration of water from gluten will cause noodle elasticity. Steaming needs to be considered to form a cohesive and fairly elastic dough period.

Jumlah sampah meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah penduduk dan aktivitas ekonomi. Kota Tarakan yang berada di Provinsi Kalimantan Utara hingga saat ini juga dihadapkan pada persoalan sampah dan upaya yang sudah dilakukan adalah menggalakkan program sampah semesta (Semua Mesti Terlibat) dengan melibatkan masyarakat melalui program 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk mengolah sampah organik menjadi pupuk organik bernilai jual. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini adalah penyuluhan dan praktik lapangan, masyarakat diajak untuk memisahkan sampah organik dari sampah lainnya dan melakukan pengolahan dengan cara mengumpulkan, memisahkan dan mengolah sisa-sisa sampah tersebut menjadi kompos. Dilanjut dengan tanya jawab dan diakhiri dengan umpan balik menggunakan form untuk mengetahui tingkat penyerapan materi oleh masyarakat. Diharapkan melalui pengabdian masyarakat ini dapat terbentuk kesadaran dan kepedulian masyarakat terhadap kualitas lingkungan di sekitarnya.
 

Laporan keuangan merupakan suatu bentuk pertanggungjawaban kepada pihak internal maupun eksternal. Sekolah Dasar (SD) Muhammadiyah merupakan salah satu organisasi Pendidikan yang menjadi amal usaha Muhammadiyah yang dimiliki oleh Persyarikatan. SD Muhammadiyah 6 Kota Malang masuk dalam kategori organisasi nirlaba. Organisasi nirlaba merupakan organisasi yang sasarannya untuk mendukung suatu kebijakan atau memecahkan masalah penting yang terjadi di suatu Negara. Saat ini pelaporan keuangan nirlaba telah berubah dari PSAK 45 menjadi Interpretasi Standard Akuntansi Keuangan (ISAK) no. 35. ISAK 35 sendiri berlaku efektif di Indonesia per 1 Januari 2020, dan yang sudah beradaptasi dengan peraturan tersebut adalah organisasi nirlaba yang memiliki skala operasional yang luas dan memiliki sumberdaya manusia di bidang keuangan yang mumpuni. Perubahan PSAK 45 menjadi ISAK 35 bagi organisasi nirlaba seperti sekolah tentu membutuhkan adaptasi. SD Muhammadiyah 6 Kota Malang masih menggunakan laporan kas saja dalam melakukan pencatatan atas transaksi keuangannya. Kendala yang dialami SD Muhammdiyah ini karena keterbatasan sumberdaya dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan sesuai dengan ISAK 35. Keterbatasan yang dialami oleh mitra tersebut yang membuat tim pengabdi membuat Pelatihan pelaporan keuangan nirlaba pada SD Muhammadiyah 6 Kota Malang. Hasil Pengabdian ini diharapkan pengelola SD Muhammadiyah 6 Kota Malang mampu mengelola keuangan sebagai bagian pertanggungjawaban sekolah kepada stakeholders.