Tobacco is one of the leading commodities in the agricultural sector. In the Indonesian agricultural sector, tobacco has been widely exported to various countries. Of the several tobacco export destination countries, Cambodia dominates the Indonesian tobacco export market. Problems related to fluctuations in Indonesia's export volume need serious attention, because this is important to understand the factors that influence the increase and decrease in the volume of Indonesian tobacco exports to Cambodia. Based on the description, the objectives of this study are (1) To analyze the influence of production volume, inflation, and the dollar exchange rate simultaneously on the volume of Indonesian tobacco exports to Cambodia, (2) To analyze the partial influence of production volume, inflation, and the dollar exchange rate on the volume of Indonesian tobacco exports to Cambodia. The data used in this study are secondary data with a total of 32 observations (years), using the multiple linear regression method. This study found that (1) Simultaneously, production volume, inflation, and the dollar exchange rate significantly affect the volume of Indonesian tobacco exports to Cambodia, and (2) Partially, production volume, inflation, and the dollar exchange rate have a positive and significant effect on the volume of Indonesian tobacco exports to Cambodia. Based on the results of the study, it is hoped that the government can pay attention to the causes of fluctuations in the volume of Indonesian tobacco exports.
 

Utilizing digital technology in business enhances competitive advantage, significantly improving performance, particularly for small and medium firms. (UKM). This study seeks to investigate the impact of social media marketing and the integration of financial technology (FinTech) on company performance, with competitive advantage serving as a mediating variable within the small and medium-sized companies (SMEs) of the Lombok pearl sector. The study methodology employs a quantitative approach utilizing Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) analysis. The research sample comprises 120 players in the Lombok pearl industry SMEs utilizing social media marketing and finance technology, selected via the census technique through the SME association. The research findings indicate that social media marketing does not immediately boost company performance; nonetheless, it greatly adds to the augmentation of competitive advantage, which subsequently enhances business performance. The implementation of financial technology significantly influences corporate performance and enhances competitive advantage. Moreover, competitive advantage has demonstrated its role as a mediating variable that enhances the association between social media marketing and the adoption of financial technology in relation to company success.

According to the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the level of education and welfare in the family greatly influences the quality of human resources in Indonesia. Therefore, efforts to strengthen family functions, such as increasing parental education and social welfare programs, are key in accelerating national development. This increase in human resources includes knowledge and skills in processing agricultural products, especially rambutan fruit, crystal guava and longan into processed food products with higher selling value such as chips. Apart from that, this program also trains them in creative product packaging, marketing, bookkeeping, simple financial management, and the use of digital technology, including online learning applications and social media. With these skills, they are expected to be able to contribute to improving the family's economy, as well as opening up new business opportunities that support financial independence.

This research aims to design and simulate a DC motor speed control system using integral state feedback (KISF) control. This control is designed to maintain DC motor speed stability with high accuracy despite disturbances or load changes. The research stages include mathematical modeling of the DC motor, PID control design, integral state feedback control design, simulation implementation and simulation results analysis. The show that althought integral state feedback control has a rise time 273.501 ms, slightly slower than PID 197.604 ms, integral state feedback compensates with higher slew rate of change 6.540 V/ms compared to PID
4.344 V/ms. Integral state feedback offers greater
flexibility through pole placement values with Ackerman’s formula J3 = [-12 -100 -600], indicating that this system has good capability in responding to input changes, thus maintaining motor speed stably and efficiently. This indicates that integral state feedback control is superior in system adaptation and handling complex dynamics.

This article explains the interpretation of the Qur'anic verses about the hijrah, by explaining the hijrah, the various types of hijrah, verses that discuss the hijrah, and the interpretation of the Qur'anic verses about the hijrah. Hijrah is an important theme in the Qur'an which is related to physical, spiritual and social movement from one situation to a better one in order to get closer to Allah. In the context of Islamic history, hijrah refers to the movement of the Prophet Muhammad SAW and his companions from Mecca to Medina to escape persecution and achieve religious freedom. Interpretation of hijrah verses, as in QS. Al-Baqarah: 218, QS. An-Nisa: 100, and QS. At-Taubah: 20, emphasizes the importance of steadfast faith, sacrifice and struggle in achieving Allah's approval. Hijrah is seen as a form of obedience that is highly valued by Allah, with a guarantee of great rewards for those who do it with sincere intentions. The interpretation of these verses also contains a spiritual dimension, where hijrah is defined as moving from a state of sin to the path of obedience. Thus, hijrah is not only limited to the physical aspect, but also includes changes in mental and moral attitudes to improve the quality of faith and piety.This abstract explains the concept of hijrah in the Al-Qur'an and its interpretation, covering historical, spiritual and social aspects in the life of a Muslim.
 
 

This study aims to analyze legal protection for female workers who are laid off (PHK) and to find solutions to obstacles in providing legal protection for female workers who are laid off (PHK). The methodology used in this study is normative legal research, while the research approach used is a legislative approach where the relevant laws and decrees are sought and studied, and other decisions related to the legal issues being studied are matched by discussing thoughts and lessons or teachings in the field of law, and matching the formulation of the problem based on cases in the world of work related to the material being discussed. The results of the study indicate that various legal instruments, both national and international, have regulated protection for female workers, especially in situations of layoffs. Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) which has been ratified by Law No. 7 of 1984 have provided a clear legal basis regarding the prohibition of layoffs against women on the grounds of pregnancy, childbirth, or marriage. In addition, compensation and industrial dispute resolution are also regulated to ensure that the rights of female workers are protected. However, there are still gaps in the implementation of this legal protection, especially related to the lack of knowledge of workers regarding their rights and the uneven implementation of policies in various industrial sectors. Implementation obstacles in regulating the legal protection of female workers, namely work agreements that are not in accordance with regulations, the lack of general sanctions, and workers' ignorance of their rights are obstacles. The state needs to integrate international conventions into national law and ensure that violators receive appropriate sanctions. Many female workers are not yet fully aware of their rights, which hinders effective protection.

This study aims to analyze competency in improving accountability. This study uses the System Literature Review method using data sources from Mendeley, Publish or Perish 8 and Google Scholar with journal indexes Sinta 1, Sinta 2 and Sinta 3 as well as reputable international journals over a period of 5 years starting in 2019-2024. Article collection was carried out using the keywords competency and accountability. The results of this study indicate that competency formed by intellectual and physical abilities affects accountability and transparency, especially in village governance. Inadequate competency in village officials can hinder effective fund allocation, impact accountability and risk misallocation of funds due to weak monitoring and evaluation systems. Human resources are the main asset, and increasing competency in financial management among village officials is related to increasing accountability, in line with management theory, which emphasizes responsible and honest governance.

Hypertension is one of the leading non-communicable diseases causing global mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The elderly, as a group vulnerable to hypertension, often lack access to education and motivation to engage in physical activities. This study aims to raise awareness among the elderly about hypertension prevention through physical activity in the form of hypertension exercises and education on the benefits of tomato juice. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method conducted in Perumahan Batara RW 13, Tasikmalaya City, targeting elderly individuals at risk of hypertension.Data were collected through participatory observation and informal interviews, then analyzed based on success indicators. The findings show that this program successfully enhanced community knowledge about hypertension, encouraged active participation in physical activities, and motivated participants to utilize tomato juice as a preventive measure against hypertension. The high enthusiasm of participants during discussions and their willingness to adopt healthy lifestyles indicated the program's success. With improvements in implementation aspects, this program has the potential to be adopted in other regions as a community empowerment strategy to enhance elderly health.

This study aims to examine the authority of the State Credits Affairs Committee (PUPN) to settle public agency credit. The Constitutional Court (MK) Decision Nr. 77/PUU-IX/2011 which abolished the phrase settlement of credits from bodies that are either directly or indirectly controlled by the State by PUPN. Otherwise, Government Regulation No. 28 of 2022 concerning Pengurusan Piutang Negara oleh PUPN regulated that PUPN can handle creditors in bad faith from special bodies/institutions/public legal entities. The research questions how public agency credits are managed by PUPN? This study differs from previous studies because it uses a public financial law perspective on the characteristics of public bodies as sui generis institutions and PUPN’s special authority in managing receivables. This research is important because it provides a legal study on legal certainty in the practice of managing public agency receivables by PUPN and eliminates concerns about lawsuits over the management of said receivables by PUPN. The research results show that processing public agency receivables by PUPN is only an alternative determined by the public agency - it does not have to be submitted. This concept is based on the application of the sui generis nature and legal subject status of public bodies and is used to optimize the management of public bodies' credits because PUPN has extraordinary coercive authority. This kind of mechanism has a positive value for public bodies in maintaining their financial health and also in efforts to maintain optimal service to the public which is the task of public bodies.

Sweden maintained its neutrality in response to its history, including during the Napoleonic wars, by adopting “neutrality” as its official policy in 1834. This neutrality was upheld during both World Wars to protect trade interests. During the Cold War, Sweden chose the path of peaceful diplomacy and rejected military alliances. But Sweden experienced concerns over the Russia-Ukraine conflict and Russia's intervention in Crimea. In May 2022, Sweden eventually applied for NATO membership in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. This research aims to understand the reasons behind Sweden's decision to join NATO. The factors behind Sweden's decision to join NATO are analyzed using qualitative research methods and through the lens of Threat Perception concept. This research discusses the factors behind Sweden’s decision to join NATO through five dimensions from the Threat Perception concept: structural, geopolitical, historical, socio-cultural, and economic. This research indicates that these five dimensions influenced Sweden's decision to join NATO. Firstly, Swedish ministers and political parties in Sweden played a role in the decision-making process. Secondly, Sweden's geographical location and the rising activities in the Baltic Sea also influenced its decision. Thirdly, Sweden's historical relationship with NATO compared to its relationship with Russia also influenced the decision. Fourthly, the ethnic, cultural, and religious composition of people in Sweden, along with policymaker adoption, are believed to have played a significant role in Sweden's foreign policy formation. Finally, the economic benefits of joining NATO were also considered by Sweden.Swedia telah menjaga netralitas sebagai respons terhadap sejarahnya, termasuk perang Napoleon, dengan mengadopsi kebijakan resmi pada tahun 1834. Netralitas ini dipertahankan selama kedua Perang Dunia untuk melindungi kepentingan perdagangan. Selama Perang Dingin, Swedia memilih jalur diplomasi damai dan menolak aliansi militer. Namun, Swedia mengalami kekhawatiran atas konflik Rusia-Ukraina dan intervensi Rusia di Crimea. Pada tahun 2022, Swedia akhirnya mengajukan keanggotaan NATO sebagai respons atas invasi Rusia ke Ukraina pada bulan Februari 2022. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami alasan di balik keputusan Swedia untuk bergabung dengan NATO. Faktor-faktor yang mendorong keputusan Swedia untuk bergabung dengan NATO dianalisis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan melalui lensa konsep “persepsi ancaman”. Studi ini membahas faktor-faktor tersebut melalui lima dimensi: struktural, geopolitik, sejarah, sosial-budaya, dan ekonomi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelima dimensi tersebut memengaruhi keputusan Swedia untuk bergabung dengan NATO. Pertama, Menteri dan partai politik di Swedia berperan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan Swedia bergabung dengan NATO. Kedua, lokasi geografis Swedia dan aktivitasnya di Laut Baltik juga memengaruhi keputusan tersebut. Ketiga, hubungan historis Swedia dengan NATO dibandingkan dengan hubungannya dengan Rusia juga memengaruhi keputusan tersebut. Keempat, komposisi etnis, budaya, dan agama di Swedia, bersama dengan adopsi kebijakan oleh pembuat kebijakan, diyakini memainkan peran penting dalam pembentukan kebijakan luar negeri Swedia. Terakhir, manfaat ekonomi dari bergabung dengan NATO juga dipertimbangkan oleh Swedia.