The claim formulation made by the plaintiff is used as a reference for a case or dispute in a court. A lawsuit that does not comply with the requirements of the procedural law will be declared that the lawsuit cannot be accepted or in other terms niet ontvankelijke verklaard (NO) in the final decision by the judge. There are various reasons for the dropping of the niet ontvankelijke verklaard, one of which is because the lawsuit that was made was not perfect, in the sense that the lawsuit was vague (obscuur libel). Obscuur libel means a claim whose contents are unclear so that it is said to be neither clear nor dark in the formulation of the claim. This research uses a normative juridical method using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. This research contains an analysis of a decision which states that the lawsuit contains elements of obcur libel so it is declared unacceptable. Judges need to dig deeper into jurisprudence to analyze a lawsuit so that it produces the right decision.AbstrakFormulasi gugatan yang dibuat oleh penggugat digunakan sebagai acuan dari suatu perkara atau sengketa disebuah pengadilan. Gugatan yang tidak sesuai syarat dalam hukum acara akan dinyatakan bahwa gugatan tersebut tidak dapat diterima atau istilah lainnya niet ontvankelijke verklaard (NO) pada putusan akhir oleh hakim. Alasan dari penjatuhan niet ontvankelijke verklaard sendiri terdapat berbagai penyebab salah satunya dikarenakan gugatan yang dibuat tidak sempurna, dalam artian gugatan tersebut kabur (obscuur libel). Obscuur libel memiliki arti gugatan yang isinya tidak jelas sehingga dikatakan tidak terang atau gelap dalam formulasi gugatannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan penekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Penelitian ini berisi analisis suatu putusan yang menyatakan bahwa gugatan mengandung unsur obcuur libel sehingga dinyatakan tidak dapat diterima. Hakim perlu menggali lebih dalam mengenai suatu yurisprudensi untuk menggali dapat menganalisis suatu gugatan sehingga menghasilkan putusan yang tepat.

Pondasi merupakan elemen yang sangat penting dalam suatu bangunan. Namun, pondasi juga rentan mengalami penurunan. Penurunan pondasi dapat berdampak pada struktur utama bangunan. Pada dasarnya, penurunan pondasi terjadi ketika pondasi tersebut menanggung beban struktur di atasnya. Penurunan pondasi harus dipertimbangkan saat tahap perencanaan proyek konstruksi agar tidak melebihi batas izin yang telah ditetapkan. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kapasitas daya dukung pondasi dan pergerakan tanah yang terjadi. Jenis pondasi yang digunakan dalam Proyek Pembangunan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Kawasan Industri Terpadu Batang adalah pondasi pancang. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan data sekunder, termasuk gambar dan laporan investigasi tanah. Perhitungan beban pada struktur dilakukan dengan menggunakan program SAP2000, menghasilkan gaya aksial sebesar 5006,996 kN, gaya geser sebesar 4,979 kN, momen dalam arah X sebesar 72,7124 kN/m, dan momen dalam arah Y sebesar 322,0355 kN/m. Kapasitas daya dukung ultimit pondasi tiang tunggal adalah 4791,44 kN, sementara kapasitas daya dukung ultimit pondasi tiang kelompok adalah 5971,998 kN. Penurunan pondasi tiang tunggal dan tiang kelompok adalah 13,573 mm dan 30,350 mm, secara berturut-turut. Penurunan pondasi yang terjadi dianggap aman karena nilainya lebih rendah dari batas izin yang diizinkan

This study aims to analyze the legitimacy of authority in determining the elected candidate pairs in the Pilkada, as regulated in Articles 58 and 76 of the General Election Commission Regulation (PKPU) Number 18 of 2024, using Jean Jacques Rousseau's theory of legitimacy of authority. The difference in the mechanism for determining the winner between DKI Jakarta by obtaining more than 50% of the valid votes and other provinces based only on the most votes, gives rise to anomalies that have the potential to damage the legitimacy of authority. The impact is that the determination of elected candidates who do not obtain more than 50% of the votes will create skepticism about being trusted by the public. This is contrary to Rousseau's principle of the general will, that legitimate power must come from the collective will of the community. Normative juridical is used as a method in this study with a statutory and conceptual approach. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of PKPU Number 18 of 2024, which was only ratified in November 2024. The use of Rousseau's theory applied in studies related to election regulations in Indonesia is unique in this study.  The results of the study show that Article 58 of PKPU Number 18 of 2024 is contrary to the principle of general will, so the KPU needs to revise the regulation to guarantee the legitimacy of leadership. Where the provisions that must be changed are in Paragraph (1). In addition, implementing a run-off election mechanism and elected leaders need to involve the community in policy-making as compensation for the lack of legitimacy. Concrete steps that can be taken are through public hearings from the community. This study makes a significant contribution by offering a new perspective in the analysis of Pilkada regulations, which focuses more on the general will as the foundation of the legitimacy of authority.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis legitimasi kekuasaan dalam penetapan pasangan calon terpilih pada Pilkada, sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 58 dan 76 Peraturan Komisi Pemilihan Umum (PKPU) Nomor 18 Tahun 2024, dengan menggunakan teori legitimasi kekuasaan Jean Jacques Rousseau. Perbedaan mekanisme penetapan pemenang antara DKI Jakarta dengan memperoleh suara 50% lebih dari jumlah suara sah dan Provinsi lain hanya berdasarkan suara terbanyak, memunculkan anomali yang berpotensi merusak legitimasi kekuasaan. Dampaknya, penetapan calon terpilih yang tidak memperoleh jumlah suara 50% lebih akan menimbulkan rasa skeptis untuk dipercaya oleh masyarakat. Hal ini bertentangan dengan prinsip kehendak umum Rousseau, bahwa kekuasaan sah harus berasal dari keinginan kolektif masyarakat. Yuridis normatif digunakan sebagai metode dalam penelitian ini dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan konseptual. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada analisis terhadap PKPU Nomor 18 Tahun 2024, yang baru disahkan pada November 2024. Penggunaan teori Rousseau yang diterapkan dalam studi terkait regulasi pemilu di Indonesia menjadi keunikan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pasal 58 PKPU Nomor 18 Tahun 2024 bertentangan dengan prinsip kehendak umum, sehingga KPU perlu merevisi aturan tersebut untuk menjamin legitimasi kepemimpinan. Di mana ketentuan yang harus dirubah terletak pada Ayat (1). Selain itu, melakukan mekanisme run off election dan pemimpin terpilih perlu melibatkan masyarakat dalam pengambilan kebijakan sebagai kompensasi atas kurangnya legitimasi. Langkah konkret yang bisa dilakukan dengan cara rapat dengar pendapat umum dari masyarakat. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi signifikan dengan menawarkan perspektif baru dalam analisis regulasi Pilkada, yang lebih berfokus pada kehendak umum sebagai fondasi legitimasi kekuasaan.

Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah berupa penyuluhan dan pelatihan Tari Kuda Kepang. Adapun materinya berupa pengetahuan dan keterampilan gerak dasar tari meliputi wiraga, wirama, wirasa dan keterampilan mendemonstrasikan tari. Sasaran pengabdian adalah anggota IGTKI Kecamatan Sukorejo agar dari hasil pengabdian untuk diajarkan pada peserta didiknya.  Sebagai upaya pemajuan kebudayaan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan budaya Indonesia di tengah peradaban dunia melalui pelindungan, pengembangan, pemanfaatan dan pembinaan kebudayaan. Selaian hal tersebut program pengabdian bertujuan untuk sustainabilitas (Keberlanjutan) tari Jaran Kepang dengan merujuk pada upaya menjaga kelangsungan hidup dan eksistensi tari tradisional Jaran Kepang agar tetap lestari dan diterima oleh generasi mendatang. Proses penyampaian materi yang berupa teori dengan menggunakan metode ceramah, tanya jawab, dan demonstrasi, sedangkan materi praktik, proses penyampaian dilakukan dengan metode diskusi, demonstrasi, latihan, dan tugas.  Keberhasilan Program Pengabdian Kepada Masyrakat ini adalah (1) peserta pelatihan memenuhi kuota yang disediakan pengabdi, (2) peserta pelatihan mengikuti setiap tahapan pelatihan sampai selesai, (3) peserta pelatihan mampu mendemostrasikan tari Kuda Kepang.  (4) terwujudnya kegiatan pelestarian budaya lokal, peningkatan minat terhadap tari Jaran Kepang, proses peningkatkan kesadaran identitas budaya, dan pengembangan keterampilan Tari Jaran Kepangbagi anggota IGTKI Kecamatan Sukorejo.
 

Pendekatan berbasis Deep Neural Network (DNN) menawarkan akurasi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan metode tradisional seperti Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) dalam pengembangan model akustik. Dalam penelitian ini, tiga varian DNN populer dievaluasi: Time-Delay Neural Network (TDNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), dan kombinasi hibrid TDNN-LSTM untuk pengembangan model akustik dalam pengenalan wicara bahasa Indonesia. Data wicara yang digunakan adalah KDW-BPPT-50K-ASR1 dengan durasi lebih dari 92 jam, model akustik dilatih dan eksperimen dilakukan untuk menganalisis kinerjanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model hibrid TDNN-LSTM mencapai kinerja terbaik dengan Word Error Rate (WER) sebesar 9,67%, mengungguli TDNN dengan WER 12,16% dan LSTM dengan WER 10,6%. Penemuan ini menegaskan bahwa model hibrid mampu meningkatkan akurasi pengenalan wicara bahasa Indonesia dibandingkan dengan penggunaan TDNN atau LSTM secara terpisah. Hasil ini memberikan kontribusi penting bagi pengembangan sistem pengenalan wicara yang lebih akurat dan efisien.

This study is a literature review aimed at understanding the contribution of physical education teachers in shaping students' character. The method used in this research is a literature review, with research sources obtained from various references such as journals, books, documentation, the internet, libraries, and other relevant sources. The data collection technique for this literature review involved gathering various references and citations relevant to the research topic, utilizing the Google Scholar database by entering the keyword “contribution of physical education teachers in building student character.” The database search yielded 10 articles published between 2016 and 2022 that are relevant to the focus of this study. The findings indicate that physical education plays a significant role in shaping and instilling character in students. It can be concluded that the contribution of physical education teachers is currently at a moderate level in the process of character development in students. Therefore, it is expected that physical education teachers will further enhance their contributions to the implementation of character education.

This systematic review aimed to contribute to insights into the vital role of implementing independent ICT tools in teaching with video-conferencing (VC). The study focused on what technological tools EFL teachers’ use in VC-based contexts, how and why teachers use these tools, and the impact of the tools on the development of students’ language skills. The analysis of 64 studies published between 2010 and 2022 indicated that teachers mostly use learning management systems and various additional tools such as PowerPoint slides, websites, and online quizzes. The results also indicate that the number of studies that targeted speaking skills was higher than those that focused on other skills, with reading being investigated by very few studies. Concerning the challenges, a lack of digital preparedness on the part of both students and teachers was reported. The impact of these tools was mostly positive in terms of raising the interaction and communication elements along with skills improvement. The findings can be beneficial for EFL teachers, course designers and EFL trainers in VC-based contexts by developing their awareness of the necessity of implementing specific technological tools to gain the expected skills-related outcomes.

The Pesanggrahan Dalem Paku Buwono IX (PB IX) is situated in Langenharjo Village, Sukoharjo Regency, Indonesia. The site was founded in 1870 by PB IX (1830-1893), but it is currently facing environmental degradation, despite its past pristine water and natural hot springs. However, with the new management takeover by GPH Wicaksono, a descendant of the Surakarta Royal Family, there is hope for the conservation of this heritage site. This research explores servant leadership practices within the cultural context of GPH Wicaksono as the manager of heritage site in Langenharjo village. Drawing on Greenleaf's servant leadership principles, it examines how Javanese culture, and the wisdom of the manager can foster collective engagement in environmental preservation. The study aimed to provide valuable insights into leadership's role in promoting sustainability for the heritage site and the local community. The identification of servant leadership implementation in the heritage site was using a qualitative approach. Data collection involves on-site observations and in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders, including community leaders, members of the community, and cultural enthusiasts. The data is analyzed using phenomenology analysis to identify specific servant leadership behaviors of site manager and their role in fostering environmental preservation and sustainability within the community. The study's findings showed that the manager is dedicated to preserving the heritage site by promoting strong ties with Javanese culture and tradition. He encourages an eco-friendly mindset and collective participation to sustainably protect the environment. He also values effective communication and respects his colleagues, which in turn fosters trust and empowerment among the team. By following principles of Javanese culture, he leads and empowers communities toward environmental sustainability. This study contributes to the importance of incorporating cultural values in leadership practices to foster collective engagement and green awareness for long-term environmental preservation. It serves as an initial study for further research using quantitative analysis to deepen our understanding of servant leadership’s effectiveness in diverse cultural contexts.

The research aims to test the mediating role to enable workers to test the relationship between strategic leadership practices and strategic alignment in medium and small-sized companies in the Iraqi city of Kirkuk, and to achieve that goal and to solve the research problem and take advantage of its importance, a field visit was conducted for the companies of the study sample to see the reality of their work regarding the research variables, and then a questionnaire form was designed according to the five-point Likert scale and distributed to a sample of (369) workers representing the companies of the study sample to collect data and information, and analyze those Statistical program usage data (SPSS, AMOS) V26 In light of these results, the research revealed that there is a statistically significant impact relationship for strategic leadership in strategic alignment through the mediation of empowering workers in medium and small-sized companies in Kirkuk, and accordingly a set of recommendations were made, the most important of which was the need to work to improve organizational performance and enhance competitiveness of companies through the application of best strategic leadership practices, empowering employees and achieving strategic alignment in the surveyed companies.

JADAM is an organic farming method that has been proven to empower farmers, not only allowing farmers to make their own fertilizers and pesticides, but also returning farmers to become experts in agriculture and their own land because of the experiments and introduction of biological potential in the environment they observe. The purpose of this article is to develop a JADAM model that is adjusted to the availability of materials in the surrounding environment. It is done under the concept of organic farming, and community empowerment. This article is developed from the results of a community service activities. The findings of the research show that there are three ways of making organic fertilizer from materials found the surrounding, namely household organic waste, leaf shoots, and a combination of waste to make organic NPK. Another interesting development of the JADAM method is an organic fertilizer that can be drunk, made from fruits and vegetables. It proves that organic fertilizer is more than safe so that it can be drunk.