This study aims to assess the efficacy of the phonics method in improving the English language proficiency of Indonesian first-grade elementary school students. The core group of 32 participants consisted of fifteen female and seventeen male students in the observation and interview techniques used to collect data. The results of this study showed that the phonics method can help increase the vocabulary of early childhood students, as the students can pronounce the letters correctly and remember the sounds of the letters and words. The findings show that the phonics method strengthens their early understanding of English by assisting first-graders in building a solid foundation. The study's findings showed that there are differences in the learning outcomes of beginning reading in students who follow the use of audio-visual media and in students who do not use audio-visual. Phonic method helped students build a solid foundation in reading, which in turn strengthened their foundation for English language proficiency. This study emphasizes the importance of phonics as a powerful teaching tool for developing reading skills in the early stages of formal education.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of work motivation and work environment on the performance of employees in an organization. Work motivation and work environment are important factors that can affect staff performance levels. In the context of human resources management, it is important for organizations to take these factors into account in order to improve productivity and achieving the goals of the organization as a whole. Through an empirical and theoretical study approach, the study highlights the importance of creating a conducive working environment and increasing employee motivation in an effort to optimal performance. The results of this research are expected to provide useful insights for managers and organizational leaders in managing human resources more effectively.

The intelligence of an elementary school teacher in delivering material needs to be supported by the family environment and the role of the student's parents. From here we know that improving and developing the quality of knowledge about Mathematics is important. Purwakarta State Elementary School students in Cilegon City find it easier to remember and understand Mathematics lessons if they enjoy doing it and are accompanied by real experiences in everyday life. The role of higher education through the Tridharma of Higher Education is to carry out education, research and community service. One form of this obligation and concern is that as a Permanent Lecturer or academic at Serang Raya University, I intend to carry out community service to the students of Purwakarta State Elementary School, Cilegon City through Arithmetic training. This community service aims to provide learning services that are tailored to the learning difficulties of students at the Purwakarta State Primary School, Cilegon City. This Community Service Activity (PKM) is carried out in the classrooms of each class. As a result of the tutoring activities carried out by tutors for students, it can be concluded that there has been an increase in student learning outcomes

Learning organisation strategies or Learning Strategies refer to the ways used by educators or instructors to organise and structure the learning process to be effective and efficient. Where there are 3 indicators, namely modification of time allocation, modification of content or material and modification of the teaching-learning process. Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 40 Jakarta opens a pathway for students with special needs or often called people with disabilities. This study aims to describe the modification of time allocation for children with special needs (ABK) in the Merdeka Curriculum of SMPN 40 Jakarta. The type of research used in this study is a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. Social Studies Learning Strategy for children with special needs is included in the good categorisation with a percentage of data accumulation results of 68%. This means that the modification of time allocation for children with disabilities at SMPN 40 Jakarta has been done well.

Pendampingan masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh komunitas Dechips melalui sosialisasi pembuatan kripik dari pelepah pisang di Desa Sedati, Sidoarjo merupakan suatu kegiatan pemanfaatan limbah pelepah dari pohon pisang yang diolah menjadi sebuah produk makanan ringan yaitu kripik. Kripik pelepah pisang ini dikatakan makanan ringan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi. Dengan mengembangkan produk kripik dari pelepah pisang memunculkan kreativitas dan inovasi karena dapat mengelola limbah pelepah pisang. Bahkan dari produk kripik ini selain mengurangi limbah yang ada, dapat meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat serta menjadi peluang usaha. Upaya pendampingan ini dilaksanakan bersama dengan komunitas Dechips yakni mahasiswa dari prodi Ilmu Ekonomi dan perwakilan ibu-ibu dari Desa Sedati, Sidoarjo melalui kegiatan sosialisasi dan demonstrasi terkait langkah langkah membuat produk kripik dari pelepah pisang. Metode dalam pendampingan ini ialah menggunakan analisis deskriptif melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi langsung.Hasil pendampingan ini ialah agar masyarakat memiliki kesadaran bahwa limbah pelepah pisang yang biasanya dibiarkan membusuk ternyata dapat diolah dan bahkan bernilai ekonomis sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas SDM dan perekonomian mereka.

Introduction: Surveillance is traditionally associated with negative authoritative monitoring to control society and often viewed as invasion of state authority that disregarded citizens’ right to privacy. However, ongoing technological advancements in networked, mobile and digital technologies facilitate social transformations in surveillance. Users of digital technology can also engage in surveillance. This research explored Malaysian social media users’ awareness and perception of social surveillance and investigated the manner of which social surveillance was utilised. Methods: Drawing upon a series of in-depth interviews conducted via Facebook messenger with a selected group of Malaysian social media users, this paper explored how Malaysians understand social media as a tool of surveillance and empowerment. Malaysians, being some of the most active users on social media platforms in the world were selected for this study. Findings: Findings suggested that surveillance did not merely subject individuals to scrutiny but also offered opportunities for empowerment because of that scrutiny. Empowerment through social surveillance brought benefits to individual users and also encourages an expansion of surveillance activities. However, most do not perceive such conduct as surveillance because the interviewees viewed institutional surveillance as actual surveillance while social surveillance as a concept was foreign to them.  Originality: Surveillance studies is still an emerging field in Southeast Asia and is rarely taught as an independent subject in Malaysia. This perspective of this research considered the use of surveillance as a tool for empowerment and this is not an area that is studied much in this part of the world.

This paper examines the evolution of regional governance in Indonesia since the reform era, beginning with the replacement of Law Number 5 of 1974 by Law Number 22 of 1999, and its subsequent revision into Law Number 32 of 2004. These legal reforms reflect the nation's efforts to balance centralization and decentralization, with the principle of checks and balances as a foundational element. The article highlights the central role of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) in the formation of regional regulations (Perda), oversight functions, and budget determination. Through literature research, this paper demonstrates that the DPRD holds strategic authority in regional legislation, involving the planning, drafting, discussion, and ratification of Perda. In conclusion, the DPRD plays a crucial role in establishing a democratic and accountable regional governance system in Indonesia.

Dalam konteks negara demokratis, strategi komunikasi kampanye menjadi krusial dalam memperkenalkan calon presiden dan wakil presiden serta menyampaikan visi, misi, gagasan, dan rekam jejak kepada masyarakat. Fungsi kampanye tidak hanya sebatas mendapatkan suara, tetapi juga sebagai platform untuk meningkatkan kecerdasan bangsa dan memenuhi amanah UUD 1945. Tulisan ini mengeksplorasi konsep "Desak Anies" sebagai strategi kampanye yang menantang status quo dengan cara mempertanyakan dan mendorong diskusi mengenai gagasan dan visi misi calon presiden. Pertanyaannya adalah apakah pendekatan ini dapat dianggap sebagai langkah baru dalam kampanye politik yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kecerdasan bangsa serta memperkuat ketaatan terhadap nilai-nilai konstitusi. Dengan menganalisis dampak dan relevansi strategi ini terhadap tatanan politik dan masyarakat, tulisan ini berusaha untuk memberikan pemahaman lebih dalam mengenai bagaimana komunikasi kampanye dapat berperan dalam pembentukan kesadaran politik dan kepemimpinan yang berintegritas. Kesimpulan dari analisis ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan yang berharga dalam merumuskan strategi kampanye yang lebih inklusif dan efektif di masa depan. Dengan melibatkan masyarakat secara aktif dalam proses politik, strategi "Desak Anies" menciptakan ruang bagi dialog yang lebih substansial antara pemimpin dan rakyat. Ini tidak hanya memperkuat hubungan antara pemimpin dan rakyat, tetapi juga meningkatkan kualitas diskusi publik serta pemahaman akan isu-isu politik yang kompleks.
Kata Kunci : Kampanye, Desak Anies, UUD 1945, Anies Baswedan

Background: In an increasingly competitive digital era, digital marketing strategies are the key to increasing a company's competitiveness. Companies must be able to utilize digital platforms and media effectively to reach a wider audience and build closer relationships with consumers. This research aims to identify effective digital marketing strategies in increasing company competitiveness in the digital era. By understanding the latest trends and technology in digital marketing, companies can develop strategies that are more targeted and responsive to the rapidly changing business environment. Method: This research uses a literature review method to collect and analyze various literature related to effective digital marketing strategies. Results: Digital marketing has become a key element in modern marketing strategies, leveraging digital platforms and media to reach audiences effectively. This paradigm shift is triggered by consumer behavior patterns that are more digitally connected, using the internet and social media to search for information, interact with brands and make purchases. Digital marketing strategies have many benefits, including increasing brand visibility, expanding market reach, increasing consumer engagement, and optimizing user experience. Digital marketing trends continue to evolve, with the use of social media, video-based content, AI, and machine learning as key factors influencing how companies market their products or services.

One important technique for understanding and analyzing computer network performance is TCP/IP simulacrum. In this research, we simulate a TCP/IP network using the bus topology as a model. We use the Cisco Packet Tracer simulated network topology builder to create a bus topology and implement the TCP/IP protocol. The simulation results provide more accurate understanding of how the TCP/IP protocol functions within a bus network. We analyze network performance in terms of throughput, latency, and packet loss. The analysis's findings indicate that bus topologies have a certain amount of leeway in network operations, particularly when a collision occurs. However, this simulation offers a valuable tool to improve computer network design and management.