Vocational high schools (SMK) play an important role in preparing students for the world of work. However, student learning outcomes in the subject of Electrical Lighting Installation at SMK Negeri 5 Kota Padang are still relatively low, with an average pretest score of 57.34. This study aims to test the effectiveness of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) cooperative learning model in improving student learning outcomes. The research method used was classroom action research with 32 students from class XI TITL as subjects. Data were collected through pre-tests, post-tests, and observations of student activities during learning. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of STAD successfully improved student learning outcomes significantly, with an average post-test score of 82.19 and an N-Gain Score of 0.58 (moderate category). Academic achievement also increased from 15.6% to 75%. Further analysis revealed that collaborative interactions within groups, the reward system, and active student participation were key factors contributing to the success of this method. However, challenges such as time management and low student engagement require attention. It is concluded that the STAD model is effective in improving students' learning outcomes in the subject of Electrical Lighting Installation, both in terms of cognitive aspects and social skills. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers implement STAD with proper syntax and consider developing supporting media such as digital simulations to optimize the learning process.

To preserve the environment and culture, the people of Tawun Village in Ngawi Regency routinely carry out the Keduk Beji tradition once a year. This tradition is an annual ritual to clean Sendang Tawun, which aims to maintain ecological balance and prevent the emergence of disasters or plagues. The routine of the Tawun community in carrying out this tradition is based on the oral tradition of “the legend of Sendang Tawun” regarding the origin of Tawun Village. The existence of a tradition that is closely related to the environment has a significant impact on the ecological balance in Tawun Village. This study aims to (1) describe the correlation between Keduk Beji tradition and the legend of Sendang Tawun, (2) describe the procession of the Keduk Beji tradition, and (3) describe the implementation of deep ecology environmental ethics in the Keduk Beji tradition. This research is qualitative research with the object of study being the Keduk Beji oral tradition carried out in Tawun Village, Ngawi Regency. The method used in this study is ethnography, which provides a comprehensive understanding of the impact of implementing the Keduk Beji tradition. Data collection techniques are done through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The study results show that the Tawun community applies environmental ethics (principles of deep ecology), which are guided by the values ??inherited from their ancestors. This study distinguishes between empirical reality in the form of cultural practices of the community in the Keduk Beji tradition and ideal values contained in the principles of deep ecology as a reference in environmental conservation.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media flash card dalam mengatasi kesulitan membaca siswa kelas I Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksperimen dengan tipe One Group Pretest-Posttest Design (tes awal-tes akhir kelompok tunggal). Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 81 orang dengan jumlah sampel keseluruhan 27 orang. Penentuan sampel penelitian menggunakan teknik Purposive Sampling. Didapat hasil penelitian, berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari hasil pretest pengaruh media flash card dalam mengatasi kesulitan membaca siswa Sekolah Dasar dan data distribusi frekuensi pada lampiran dapat diuraikan sebagai berikut: nilai rata-rata siswa sebesar 64,40; Variansi = 20,59; Standar Deviasi (SD) = 4,54; nilai maksimum = 73; nilai minimum = 55, dengan rentangan nilai (Range) = 18. Sedangkan data yang diperoleh hasil posttest pengaruh media flash card dalam mengatasi kesulitan membaca siswa Sekolah Dasar dapat diuraikan sebagai berikut: nilai rata-rata siswa sebesar 81,57; Variansi = 24,63; Standar Deviasi (SD) = 5,12; nilai maksimum = 80; nilai minimum = 62, dengan rentangan nilai (Range) = 18. Uji Independent Sample t-test dalam mengatasi kesulitan membaca siswa kelas I Sekolah Dasar diketahui nilai 2,973 dan 2,05 sehingga Thitung > Ttabel. Berdasarkan data tersebut dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima sehingga dapat disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh media flash card dalam mengatasi kesulitan mmbaca siswa kelas I Sekolah Dasar.

Biology learning, particularly the topic of the classification of living organisms, is often considered difficult and boring by some students. To address this challenge, a more engaging and interactive approach is needed. One effective solution is to utilize game-based technology, such as Wordwall, which allows students to actively learn through various educational games. This study aims to enhance student engagement in learning the classification of living organisms using interactive Wordwall games. Through a community service method, this activity involved teachers and students from several schools to integrate Wordwall as a learning tool. The interactive games provided by Wordwall include various types of activities, such as puzzles, quizzes, and matching games, designed to help students better understand the concepts of classification of living organisms. The implementation of this program is expected to improve student motivation, involvement, and understanding of the material. Furthermore, it is hoped that the use of this technology will provide a more enjoyable learning experience and increase the effectiveness of classroom learning. The evaluation conducted shows a significant improvement in student engagement, as well as a better understanding of the material compared to traditional teaching methods.

This community service research aims to describe hygiene care activities with the community located in the Al-Musta'in Mushollah, Ngentak Hamlet, Sumberjo Village, Plandaan District, Jombang Regency. The author used descriptive qualitative research with observation and documentation data collection techniques at the research location. The research method used before the activity was Particaptory Action Research (PAR). The results of the research show that the residents of Sumberjo Village have a high level of concern for cleanliness around the Al-Musta'in Musholla area in Ngentak Hamlet. These findings illustrate that there is a high sense of togetherness and solidarity among residents, as well as showing the existence of strong values of friendship and mutual respect between fellow residents. This reflects the culture of mutual cooperation that is still strong in society, where they not only care about the cleanliness of the environment individually, but also actively participate in maintaining cleanliness together, making the Al-Musta'in Musholla a focal point for uniting in efforts environmental maintenance and positive social values.

The rise of digital technology has brought about many benefits. Digitalization brings lots of changes in both positive and negative impacts on the character development of Generation Z. Therefore, preventive efforts are needed to overcome the moral decadence of the young muslim generation. This study aims to analyze the story of Lukman al-Hakim in educating children which has been narrated in the Qur'an. This study uses the library research method to analyze sources from books, tafsir books, and journal articles about Lukman al-Hakim’s story. Using content analysis techniques, this study concluded that moral education contained in the story of Lukman al-Hakim, which includes monotheism, worship, and morals, is material that is very much needed in the digital era. In the era of information technology, the role of parents as role models in children's character education is very much needed. Parents can guide their children to face the negative influence of digital media with a stronger religious character, including spiritual and moral values, worship to God, and fellowship to human beings. So that social media, which is often consumed by young generation in excess, is not used as a living guide in daily life.

Mental health is a crucial aspect of life. Humans live not only by maintaining their physical health but also by taking care of their mental well-being. Mental health can be influenced by various factors, one of which is religion. In this regard, religion plays a significant role in maintaining a person's mental health. This study was conducted to examine the role of religion in human mental health. The research used a qualitative approach with a literature study method. A literature study is a method that relies on secondary data sources from various existing scientific references, conducted by reading books, journals, or articles with relevant topics to be analyzed and explored further. This study found several important roles of religious psychology in shaping mental health, along with its various functions.

This research examines God as the initiator of cross-cultural missions through a case study of mission transformation in the life of the Apostle Peter. Departing from the existing research gap, namely the need to reflect on the nature of God who loves other nations through a change in Peter's perspective, this study aims to show that God is the initiator of salvation for all mankind. The significance of this study is to encourage the church to see cross-cultural missions as an important approach in transmitting God's love to those who have not yet repented. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this study finds that Peter's encounter with Cornelius was a crucial turning point in early Christian missionary work. The experience radically changed Peter's narrow understanding of who was worthy of receiving the gospel, extending from just Jews to all nations. The descent of the Holy Spirit upon Cornelius and his family is clear evidence to Peter that God's grace is impartial and available to every believer. This event was not only a personal lesson for Peter, but also a revelation of God that opened the door for the gospel to reach the Gentile world, fundamentally changing the course of church history.
 
Penelitian ini mengkaji Allah sebagai penggagas misi lintas budaya melalui studi kasus transformasi misi dalam kehidupan Rasul Petrus. Berangkat dari kesenjangan penelitian yang ada, yaitu kebutuhan untuk merefleksikan sifat Allah yang mengasihi bangsa lain melalui perubahan cara pandang Petrus, studi ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan bahwa Allah adalah inisiator keselamatan bagi seluruh umat manusia. Signifikansi penelitian ini adalah untuk mendorong gereja agar melihat misi lintas budaya sebagai pendekatan penting dalam menularkan kasih Allah kepada mereka yang belum bertobat. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa perjumpaan Petrus dengan Kornelius merupakan titik balik krusial dalam karya misi Kekristenan awal. Pengalaman tersebut secara radikal mengubah pemahaman sempit Petrus mengenai siapa yang layak menerima Injil, meluas dari hanya orang Yahudi menjadi semua bangsa. Turunnya Roh Kudus kepada Kornelius dan keluarganya menjadi bukti nyata bagi Petrus bahwa kasih karunia Allah tidak memandang bulu dan tersedia bagi setiap orang yang percaya. Peristiwa ini tidak hanya menjadi pelajaran pribadi bagi Petrus, melainkan juga wahyu Allah yang membuka pintu bagi Injil untuk menjangkau dunia non-Yahudi, secara fundamental mengubah arah sejarah gereja.

Abstract
Being able to speak a foreign language fluently is not enough in cross-cultural communication. In order to avoid miscommunication, the speaker needs to have the target language culture knowledge. Several utterances can be found rude by some cultures, while some culture might find it common. This could happen due to the differences of cultures and value. In small talk such as making a request, different culture has their own strategy, and some culture might find it rude when the speaker do not share the same the value and culture. This study aims to analyze American bilinguals in making a request in Indonesian and English. The data were collected based on DCT request scenarios and observation. There were five American participants who were involved in this study. The findings showed that American participants tended to be indirect when they made requests in English even though some of them were direct and they changed into direct strategies when they made a request in Indonesian. This study also reveals that in terms of making a request, Americans are more indirect when it comes to making a request. Therefore, it is suggested that having intercultural knowledge is important in learning a language in order to avoid misunderstanding.

ch school that is the subject of research are adequate and complete to support the learning process, although there are some that still need care. The history learning media used by history teachers is still in the form of presentation media that collaborates with static images or text, making it less interesting and monotonous. Public History-based Image Cloud Recognition learning media designed to be developed by applying android applications, cloud storage, and camera scans to scan content from images of historical objects. The results of the material expert validation test obtained an average score of 4.39 and the media expert validation test obtained an average value of 4.45 so that both values were included in the "Very Good" category. Meanwhile, based on trials to students in small groups, an average score of 4.61 was obtained; In the limited group, a value of 4.28 was obtained and in the broad group, an average value of 4.58 was obtained. All three grades are classified as "Very Good". The effectiveness of products designed according to the results of the t test (t count > t table) is known that Public History based Image Cloud Recognition learning media is effective in improving students' historical thinking skills and making learning more interesting, active, and dynamic.