This study aims to examine the use of cattle waste as organic fertilizer to minimize agricultural operational costs in Mrawan Village, Tapen District, Bondowoso Regency. Cattle waste, particularly manure, is an abundant local resource that has not been optimally utilized by the local community. The majority of farmers in the village still rely on chemical fertilizers, which are relatively expensive and have a negative impact on long-term soil health. Therefore, this program is designed to provide a sustainable alternative solution through an educational approach and community empowerment. The methods used in this activity include outreach, technical training, and direct assistance in the process of making organic fertilizer from cow manure. Education focuses on simple fermentation techniques, the composition of natural additives, and appropriate fertilizer application methods. Farmers are actively involved in every stage of the activity, so they become not only beneficiaries but also agents of change in environmentally friendly agricultural practices. The results of the activity indicate that the use of organic fertilizer from cattle waste can reduce the cost of purchasing chemical fertilizers by up to 40% in a single planting season. In addition, organic fertilizer has been shown to increase soil fertility, improve soil structure, and support healthier plant growth. Environmental impacts are also reduced, as livestock waste management is more controlled and does not pollute water or air sources. Therefore, utilizing cattle waste as organic fertilizer not only reduces environmental pollution but also provides an economic and ecological solution that benefits local farmers. This program is expected to become a model for empowerment that can be replicated in other areas with similar characteristics.

On-task behavior problems are a common obstacle in the academic activities of school-aged children. Children often experience difficulty maintaining attention, are easily distracted, and exhibit frequent shifts of attention during learning. This has the potential to lead to decreased academic achievement and increased impulsive behavior. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the shaping behavior modification technique in increasing the duration of on-task behavior. The subject of the study was a 4-year-old boy who exhibited attention problems while working on academic tasks. The research design used a one-group pretest-posttest design with a single-subject approach using an A-B-A data collection model. Data collection was carried out using a duration data sheet to measure the duration of on-task behavior through direct observation. Data analysis was conducted by comparing the average duration of on-task behavior before and after the intervention. The results showed that the shaping technique did not provide a significant increase in the duration of on-task behavior. Although there were fluctuations in the duration of increases and decreases during the intervention phase, these results were not sufficient to prove the effectiveness of shaping in this context. These findings indicate that the shaping approach is less than optimal when applied alone, and that additional intervention methods or other alternatives are needed that are more appropriate to the characteristics and needs of the child. This research provides implications for the importance of selecting appropriate and adaptive behavioral intervention techniques to help children improve focus and engagement in academic activities.
 

Kapulaga merupakan rempah yang bernilai jual tinggi, umum dimanfaatkan sebagai bumbu masakan dan obat tradisional. Meskipun panen kapulaga melimpah di Desa Bantarkulon, sebagian besar petani dan ibu-ibu PKK belum memiliki pengalaman dalam mengolahnya, sehingga buah kapulaga selama ini hanya dijual mentah. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan tentang khasiat kapulaga untuk kesehatan, sekaligus melatih keterampilan membuat produk olahan bernilai ekonomi berupa wedang herbal kapulaga dalam bentuk teh celup. Kegiatan ini dilakukan melalui metode penyuluhan dan pelatihan yang meliputi ceramah, demonstrasi, dan praktik langsung. Peserta berpartisipasi aktif dalam seluruh proses, mulai dari pengolahan buah kapulaga, pengemasan, hingga strategi pemasaran produk. Hasil yang dicapai dari program ini adalah peningkatan pengetahuan peserta tentang manfaat kapulaga sebagai bahan alami berkhasiat, seperti sifat antibakteri dan kemampuannya meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh. Selain itu, peserta juga memperoleh keterampilan praktis dalam mengolah kapulaga menjadi produk wedang herbal teh celup yang memiliki nilai guna dan nilai jual yang lebih tinggi.

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of underhand passing skills through the application of play-based methods to fifth and sixth grade students at SDN 1 Bumijawa. This study used a quantitative approach with a One Group Pretest and Posttest experimental design. The sample in this study was 15 students. Data were collected through underhand passing skills tests conducted before and after treatment. The results showed a significant increase in underhand passing skills after students participated in learning using the play-based method. This method has been proven to be able to increase students' interest, active participation, and understanding of basic volleyball techniques. In addition, the application of the play-based method also creates a more enjoyable learning atmosphere and reduces student boredom. This method directly involves students in practical activities, so that students not only understand the theory but also can apply it in real games. Play activities carried out in small groups allow students to learn from each other and increase self-confidence. Improvement in underhand passing skills also shows that the play-based method is effective in developing fine motor skills needed in volleyball. Therefore, the play-based method can be used as an alternative strategy in learning Physical Education, especially volleyball material in elementary schools. This study suggests that Physical Education teachers implement play-based methods more widely to maximize student learning and learning outcomes, as well as increase their motivation and enthusiasm for sports. Furthermore, implementing play-based methods can also improve teamwork among students, a crucial aspect of volleyball. With a more fun and interactive approach, students are more motivated to practice and master the skills taught.

This study aims to develop an automatic detection system to improve lift safety through early detection and rapid response to sling failure. The research method uses an experimental approach by designing a 3-story lift prototype that integrates a Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller as the main processing unit, an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to detect lift position, a limit switch to detect sling failure, and a mechanical braking system using a servo motor. The system is equipped with an I2C LCD for real-time display, Telegram notifications for remote monitoring, and a buzzer alarm as an early warning. The test results show that the ultrasonic sensor has a high accuracy of 97.58% with an average error of 2.42%. The system successfully detects sling failure and activates mechanical braking automatically, preventing the basket from falling freely and allowing it to stop on the nearest floor. All control functions such as navigation buttons, motor rotation direction, and limit switch accuracy work well. This system provides an innovative solution to improve elevator safety through the integration of automatic detection technology, real-time monitoring, and direct physical response that can be applied to the development of future elevator safety technology.

This study aims to enhance students' engagement and mathematics achievement through the implementation of differentiated learning. The method employed is classroom action research conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action implementation, observation, evaluation, and reflection stages. The research was carried out during the odd semester at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Sleman with the participation of 28 students from the XI Automotive class. The findings reveal a significant improvement in students' engagement and learning outcomes. In the first cycle, the average engagement score was 9.51, which increased to 17.12 in the second cycle. Regarding learning outcomes, in the first cycle, only 10 students (35,71%) achieved the passing grade, while 18 students (64.29%) did not, with an average score of 64.75. In the second cycle, the number of students achieving the passing grade sharply increased to 28 students (100%) with an average score of 84.92. These results demonstrate that differentiated learning effectively enhances student engagement and mathematics achievement in the XI Automotive class at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Sleman during the 2024/2025 academic year

This research aims to analyze the character values of the Punakawan wayang which then becomes a consideration for its use as a learning medium in Javanese language subjects in elementary schools. This research uses qualitative methods which are then analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results of the discussion from this research are that the use of stories from the Punakawan wayang as a learning medium will have a positive impact if the teacher can highlight the good character values of the wayang which can be emulated by students, and vice versa

This study aims to determine the effect of jumping and throwing park games on improving basic motor skills of junior high school students. The research method used is an experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample consisted of two classes, each consisting of 30 students, divided into experimental and control groups. The instrument used refers to the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) to measure jumping, throwing, and balance abilities. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant increase in the post-test results of the experimental group compared to the control group (p = 0.000). Jumping and throwing park games have proven effective in integrating locomotor and manipulative movements through a fun play approach, thereby increasing students’ motivation and active participation in physical education learning. These findings indicate that learning media designed according to the characteristics of student development can make a real contribution to improving motor skills. Therefore, the use of this media is recommended as an alternative learning strategy that is educational and fun in the school environment. 

This paper discusses the methodologies for balanced transportation problems and their solutions, focusing on efficient and cost-effective distribution of goods from multiple sources to various destinations. The study highlights the importance of maintaining supply and demand balance and explores systematic approaches such as initial solution methods—North-West Corner, Least Cost, and Vogel Approximation Method—and the optimal solution technique, Stepping Stone. An illustrative case involving a company with multiple factories and markets demonstrates the application of these methods, resulting in minimized transportation costs. Additionally, the process of fertilizer allocation and cost analysis is examined, emphasizing the use of the Stepping Stone method to achieve cost minimization. The findings underscore the effectiveness of combining initial heuristics with iterative optimization to attain optimal transportation solutions, thereby enhancing logistical efficiency and reducing operational expenses.

In today's digital era, awareness of mental health issues is growing significantly. Many individuals are now more open about sharing their psychological conditions through written texts on social media, forums, and surveys. This phenomenon presents an opportunity to leverage technology for the automatic detection of mental disorders through text analysis. This study aims to implement the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers(BERT) model to identify mental health conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, suicidal tendencies, and others. The dataset was sourced from Kaggle and underwent several preprocessing stages, including data cleaning, tokenization, and text classification model training. This BERT model achieved strong performance, with an accuracy of 91% and an average F1-Score of 0.91. These results demonstrate the model's effectiveness in identifying various psychological expressions. The findings highlight the potential for developing early detection systems that are faster, more objective, and widely accessible. However, this study acknowledges limitations in dataset diversity, suggesting future work to incorporate more varied data sources and explore other NLP models to enhance detection accuracy and coverage.