The presence of natural antioxidants in medicinal plants plays a crucial role in inhibiting the detrimental effects of oxidative stress. The aim of this research is to explore more deeply all parts of A. esculenta L from flowers, fruits, seeds, leaves, and stems for the levels of compounds and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitor activities. The flowers demonstrated the highest TPC with 173.15942 ± 6.5083 mg GAE/g. The stems exhibited the lowest TPC value at 69.1967 ± 2.8408 mg GAE/g. The flowers also showed TFC value of 83.157 ± 2.021 mg QE/g while the stems displayed the lowest with 36.7240 ± 1.337 mg QE/g. IC50 value that the flowers possessed the highest antioxidant activity with 22.6539 ± 1.6452 mg/mL, whereas the stems displayed a slightly lower. In terms of the inhibitor of a-amylase activity, the flowers had an IC50 value of 102.4885 ± 11.4370 mg/mL whereas the stems had a lower. The highest IC50 value of the a-glucosidase inhibitor was 76.95 ± 12.0888 mg/mL in the flowers, and the lowest was in the stems. The highest IC50 of pancreatic lipase inhibitor was 109.5943 ± 9.7391 mg/mL in the flowers, and the lowest was in the stems. This study show that there is a relationship between the high content of total phenolic and total flavonoids on antioxidants, antidiabetic and antilipase activities.

This study examines the effectiveness of implementing a democratic classroom management model in enhancing student learning motivation at Jambu Public Elementary School 3. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through direct classroom observations and interviews involving teachers and students. The aim was to understand how democratic principles applied in classroom settings could influence students’ motivation, behavior, and engagement in learning activities. The findings reveal that adopting democratic leadership in classroom management creates an inclusive, respectful, and participatory learning environment. Students are encouraged to express opinions, collaborate in decision-making, and take ownership of their learning process. This approach significantly enhances intrinsic motivation, responsibility, and student independence. It also helps reduce passive behavior and fosters a sense of belonging and self-worth among students. The results are in line with several prominent educational theories. According to Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan), autonomy and relatedness are key drivers of motivation, which are facilitated through democratic practices. Vygotsky’s Social Development Theory emphasizes the role of social interaction in learning, which is actively promoted in this model. Carl Rogers’ humanistic approach also supports the creation of a learning climate centered on empathy and student potential, while Rudolf Dreikurs’ Adlerian classroom model advocates for respectful teacher-student relationships and cooperative behavior. Overall, the implementation of a democratic classroom management model is considered effective in promoting both academic achievement and character development at the elementary level. The study recommends broader application of this model in primary education settings to support holistic student growth and to foster a learning culture rooted in mutual respect, responsibility, and student agency.
 

This research aims to evaluate the impact of traditional games on the development of children's social interaction skills, highlighting its relevance amidst the shift in children's interests from traditional to digital games and the ongoing challenges of conventional mathematics education. Through a comprehensive literature review approach, this article analyzes the effectiveness of traditional games such as congklak, cak bur, and engklek in supporting cognitive, motor, and socio-emotional development in early childhood. The research findings indicate that traditional games significantly enhance social interaction skills, as evidenced by the effectiveness of cak bur in improving social interaction among kindergarten students and the role of congklak in the socio-emotional development of young children.

This study aims to analyze the influence of service quality and brand trust on customer loyalty at Café Hill & Tiff in Palopo City. A quantitative approach was employed, with data collected through questionnaires distributed to 35 respondents who are customers of the café. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to examine both simultaneous and partial effects between variables. The results show that service quality and brand trust simultaneously have a significant influence on customer loyalty, with a significance value of 0.011 (< 0.05) and an F-value of 5.365 (> F-table 3.35). Partially, both variables also have a positive and significant impact. The coefficient of determination (R²) indicates that 28.4% of the variation in customer loyalty can be explained by service quality and brand trust, while the remaining 71.6% is influenced by other factors outside this study. These findings underscore the importance of consistently delivering quality service and building brand trust as strategic efforts to maintain customer loyalty amid increasing business competition.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh angka kemiskinan terhadap indikator pendidikan di Kota Semarang selama kurun waktu 2020–2024. Kemiskinan dan pendidikan merupakan dua masalah sosial yang saling terkait erat dan menjadi tantangan besar di wilayah perkotaan, terutama pascapandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dan Dinas Pendidikan Kota Semarang. Variabel yang dianalisis meliputi angka kemiskinan sebagai variabel bebas, dan angka partisipasi sekolah, rata-rata lama sekolah, dan angka putus sekolah sebagai variabel keterikatan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan regresi linier sederhana untuk menguji pengaruh kemiskinan terhadap pencapaian pendidikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa angka kemiskinan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap indikator pendidikan di Kota Semarang. Penurunan angka kemiskinan cenderung terjadi dengan peningkatan angka partisipasi sekolah dan rata-rata lama sekolah, serta penurunan angka putus sekolah. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya intervensi kebijakan terpadu yang membahas penanggulangan kemiskinan dan peningkatan akses dan kualitas pendidikan untuk memutus siklus kemiskinan antargenerasi di Kota Semarang.
 
Kata Kunci:  kemiskinan, pendidikan, regresi linier sederhana, angka partisipasi sekolah, rata-rata tahun sekolah, sekolah di Kota Semarang, Kota Semarang

The rapid growth of financial technology (fintech) has significantly supported the expansion of e-commerce. This literature review explores how fintech innovations—such as digital wallets, online payments, and digital lending—enhance transaction efficiency, increase consumer trust, and support small businesses in online markets. Findings indicate a strong synergy between fintech and e-commerce, though challenges remain in data security, regulation, and digital literacy. This study aims to provide a concise overview of fintech's role in driving digital economic growth.Keywords : fintech, e-commerce, digital payment, innovation, digital economy

This study looks at how integrated reporting (Y) is impacted by risk management (X1), non-financial performance (X2), and company reputation. The results of the first hypothesis test (H1) indicate that risk management (X1) significantly influences integrated reporting (Y) with a significance value of 0.634 (p>0.05). This means that the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected, indicating a significant contribution of X1 to Y. Conversely, the second hypothesis test (H2) shows that non-financial performance (X2) does not have a significant influence on integrated reporting (Y), with a significance value of 0.001 (p<0.05), so the null hypothesis (H0) is accepted and H2 is rejected. Similarly, the third hypothesis (H3) shows that corporate reputation (X3) does not have a significant effect on integrated reporting (Y) with a significance value of 0.000 (p<0.05), causing the null hypothesis (H0) to be accepted and H3 to be rejected. However, the simultaneous test (H4) reveals that risk management (X1), non-financial performance (X2), and company reputation (X3) collectively have a significant effect on integrated reporting (Y), as indicated by a significance level of 0.000 (p<0.05) and a calculated F value of 11.137, which is greater than the table F value of 3.443. This supports the acceptance of H4, indicating that although some variables are not significant individually, the combination of the three collectively contributes to explaining the variation in integrated reporting (Y).

This study aims to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the Islamic economic system and the conventional economic system, with a descriptive qualitative literature study approach. The Islamic economic system is based on sharia principles such as justice, mutual assistance, balance, and prohibition of usury, gharar, and maysir practices. This system issues a fair distribution of wealth based on ethical values. Meanwhile, the conventional economic system, both capitalist and socialist, places more emphasis on market efficiency, individual freedom, and varying state interventions. The results of the study indicate that the Islamic economic system excels in aspects of social justice and economic ethics, while the conventional economic system is more flexible and innovative, but tends to create economic inequality. This study is expected to provide insight into making fairer and more sustainable economic policies.

In the era of modern technology, the use of gadgets among teenagers continues to rise, particularly for accessing social media, which can influence their behavior, including sexual behavior. This study aims to examine the impact of gadget use on adolescent sexual behavior. The research approach is quantitative, using an analytic survey method with a cross-sectional design. The study sample consists of 94 twelfth-grade students selected through total sampling. The variables studied include gadget use as the independent variable and adolescent sexual behavior as the dependent variable, measured using a closed-ended questionnaire. The results indicate that 89 respondents (94.7%) reported high levels of gadget use. Furthermore, 70 respondents (74.5%) exhibited risky sexual behavior. The Chi-Square statistical test with a p-value of 0.004 and an OR of 13.800 shows a significant relationship between gadget use and adolescent sexual behavior. These findings suggest that excessive gadget use can increase the risk of sexual behavior among teenagers. Therefore, this study is expected to help prevent such behavior through stricter supervision, appropriate sex education, and the active role of parents and schools in guiding teenagers to use gadgets safely.

Terminals serve as transportation nodes that play a vital role in supporting community mobility and urban economic activities. As the capital city of Papua Province with a population of 420,577 inhabitants, Jayapura City requires an efficient transportation system to support increasingly dynamic social and economic activities. Entrop Terminal, as a Type A Terminal and the main transportation hub of Jayapura City, serves various transportation modes ranging from inter-city inter-provincial transport, cross-border transport, intra-provincial inter-city transport, urban transport, to rural transport. However, there is a significant problem where users prefer to wait for public transportation outside the terminal due to long queues inside the terminal, creating a shadow terminal phenomenon. This research aims to evaluate the facilities available at Entrop Type A Terminal in relation to the quality of services provided to users. This evaluation is important to identify facility and service deficiencies that cause users to be reluctant to use the terminal optimally. The research results are expected to provide recommendations for facility improvements and service quality enhancement at Entrop Terminal, so that it can function optimally as the main transportation hub and reduce the shadow terminal problems occurring in Jayapura City.