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Analytics

Umi Sodiyah; Zulfina Adriani; Dian Mala Fithriani

Jurnal Manajemen dan Ekonomi Bisnis 2026 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

The purpose of this study was to determine the direct effect of personality characteristics and intellectual abilities on employee performance in the digital era and competence, the effect of competence on performance, and the indirect effect of personality variables and intellectual abilities on employee performance in the digital era through competence as an intervening variable in BPSDM Jambi Province. The type of research used is quantitative research with primary and secondary data. Sampling used a simple random sampling technique so that 65 employees were selected as respondents. Data collection used a questionnaire and data analysis used Smart PLS. The results of the analysis showed that personality characteristics directly affect performance and competence with a significance value of P <0.05, intellectual abilities do not affect performance and competence with a significance value of P>0.05, and competence does not affect the performance of BPSDM Jambi Province employees in the digital era with a significance value of P>0.05. Furthermore, the direct effect shows that employee competence does not mediate the influence of personality characteristics and intellectual abilities on employee performance. This shows that personality characteristics and intellectual abilities do not affect performance through employee competence as an intervening variable.

Asridianti Asridianti; Dewi Permata Sari; Septa Diana Nabella

Jurnal Manajemen dan Ekonomi Bisnis 2026 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This study examines the influence of technology utilization, records management, infrastructure, and training on employee performance at the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) of Batam City. A quantitative approach with an associative design was employed to identify relationships between variables and measure their effects. The study involved 89 employees as respondents using a saturated sampling method to ensure all members of the population were included. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression along with F-test and t-test to assess both simultaneous and partial effects. The findings reveal that all independent variables simultaneously have a significant impact on employee performance, while individually technology, records management, infrastructure, and training also demonstrate significant positive effects. These results indicate that the effective use of digital systems, well-organized archival practices, adequate and supportive facilities, and continuous training programs play a crucial role in enhancing employee performance and productivity, as well as improving efficiency, accuracy, and overall organizational effectiveness. The study suggests that organizations should strengthen technological implementation, improve document management systems, provide sufficient work facilities, and conduct sustainable training programs to achieve optimal and long-term organizational outcomes.

Afridariyana Afridariyana; Rini Elfina; Septa Diana Nabella

Jurnal Manajemen dan Ekonomi Bisnis 2026 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This study examines the influence of work discipline, employee motivation, and work environment on employee performance at the Office of Women Empowerment, Child Protection, Population Control, and Family Planning (DP3AP2KB) of Batam City. The research applies a quantitative approach with an associative design to determine the relationship and influence among variables. Data were collected from all employees using a structured questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability to ensure the accuracy of the research instrument. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression to evaluate both partial and simultaneous effects of the independent variables on employee performance. The findings indicate that work discipline, motivation, and work environment collectively contribute significantly to improving employee performance. Individually, each variable also shows a meaningful and positive effect, reflecting the importance of both internal and external factors in shaping employee outcomes and productivity. These results imply that strengthening discipline, enhancing employee motivation, and creating a supportive, comfortable, and conducive work environment are essential strategies for improving organizational performance and achieving institutional goals effectively. Therefore, organizations are encouraged to implement policies and programs that support employee development, maintain a positive work atmosphere, and improve overall work quality in a sustainable manner.

I Putu Wisnu Segara; Luh Putu Mahyuni

Jurnal Manajemen dan Ekonomi Bisnis 2026 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This study aims to analyze the influence of incentives and physical work environment on employee performance with motivation as a mediating variable at the Denpasar City Cultural Office. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The research population was all employees of the Denpasar Cultural Office totaling 54 people, all of whom were sampled using saturated sampling techniques. Data were collected through a questionnaire with a Likert scale and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results of the study showed that incentives had a positive and significant effect on employee performance, while the physical work environment did not have a significant effect on employee performance. In addition, motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Mediation testing showed that motivation was able to mediate the influence of incentives on employee performance, but was unable to mediate the influence of the physical work environment on employee performance. These findings indicate that improving employee performance is more effective through providing the right incentives and increasing work motivation compared to improving the physical work environment alone.

Aldika Maulizi Effendi; Agus Ariyanto; Febyolla Presilawati

Jurnal Manajemen Riset Inovasi 2026 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This study aims to analyze the influence of organizational culture on employee performance through job satisfaction at the Banda Aceh City Environmental, Sanitation, and Beautification Office. This study employs a quantitative approach using an associative method. The study population consisted of 44 civil servants, all of whom were included in the sample using a census method. Data collection was conducted via a questionnaire using a Likert scale, supplemented by observations and interviews. The data analysis techniques employed included path analysis, t-tests, the coefficient of determination (R²), and the Sobel test to examine the mediating role. The results of the study indicate that organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, with a significance value of 0.004 and a calculated t-value of 3.014. Organizational culture also has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, with a p-value of 0.003 and a t-statistic of 3.940. Furthermore, job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with a significance value of 0.000 and a t-value of 5.174. A mediation test using the Sobel test indicates that job satisfaction significantly mediates the effect of organizational culture on employee performance with a t-value of 3.818 (>1.96). The coefficient of determination of 0.832 indicates that 83.2% of the variation in employee performance can be explained by organizational culture, job satisfaction, and their interaction, while the remainder is influenced by other variables outside the scope of this study. Thus, it can be concluded that organizational culture has a strong influence on improving employee performance, both directly and through job satisfaction as a mediating variable.

Dita Sari Edy Saputri; Furi Indriyani

Jurnal Manajemen dan Ekonomi Bisnis 2026 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Employee performance is an important factor in supporting the success of public services, especially in government agencies that deal directly with the public. Efforts to improve employee performance need to be supported by the implementation of good work discipline and the implementation of job training that is appropriate to employee needs. This study aims to analyze the effect of work discipline and job training on employee performance at the Regional Tax Collection Service Unit (UPPPD) of West Jakarta. This study uses a quantitative method, data collection techniques are carried out by distributing questionnaires to employees with a population of 78 respondents. Sampling uses a total sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 26 through multiple linear regression tests, t-tests, F-tests, and coefficient of determination (R²) tests. The results of the study indicate that work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with a significance value of 0.000 <0.05 and a calculated t-value of 11.577. Job training also has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with a significance value of 0.000 <0.05 and a calculated t-value of 11.368. Simultaneously, work discipline and job training significantly influence employee performance, with a calculated F-value of 132.931 and a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05. The coefficient of determination indicates that these two variables explain 78.0% of the variation in employee performance (R² = 0.780), while the remaining 22.0% is influenced by other variables outside this study.

Haryanto, Teguh Budi

Innovation, Theory & Practice Management Journal 2026 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kedisiplinan dan kompetensi  baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui kualitas pelayanan pada pegawai Dukcapil Kabupaten Pekalongan. Populasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pegawai yang bekerja di Dukcapil Kabupaten Pekalongan dengan jumlah 67 orang pegawai, teknik pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan sampel jenuh, jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 67 responden. Sumber data yang digunakan data primer, dengan metode pengumpulan data kuesioner. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedisiplinan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai, kompetensi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Kedisiplinan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas pelayanan, kompetensi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan kualitas pelayanan dan kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja. Hasil uji mediasi menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan dapat memediasi pengaruh kedisiplinan terhadap kinerja pegawai, dan kualitas pelayanan dapat memediasi pengaruh kompetensi terhadap kinerja pegawai.

Setiawan, Agus

Innovation, Theory & Practice Management Journal 2026 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh knowledge sharing dan pemberdayaan pegawai terhadap kinerja pegawai melalui kepuasan kerja sebagai variabel intervening pegawai di Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan, Perlindungan Anak, Pengendalian Penduduk dan Keluarga Berencana Kabupaten Pekalongan. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pegawai di Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan, Perlindungan Anak, Pengendalian Penduduk dan Keluarga Berencana Kabupaten Pekalongan yang berjumlah 105 orang. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah 84 orang yang dipilih dengan Slovin secara proporsional random sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa knowledge sharing dan pemberdayaan pegawai berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja dan kinerja pegawai. Kepuasan kerja juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan kerja memiliki peran mediasi dalam memediasi knowledge sharing dan pemberdayan pegawai terhadap kinerja pegawai.

Rizal, Syamshul; Pudjiati, Emiliana Sri

Innovation, Theory & Practice Management Journal 2026 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya peningkatan kinerja pegawai sektor publik yang sering terkendala birokrasi, budaya organisasi hierarkis, dan regulasi ketat. Kepemimpinan autentik dan penyesuaian pekerjaan dipandang sebagai faktor yang dapat   memengaruhi kinerja pegawai baik secara langsung maupun melalui keterlibatan kerja. Kepemimpinan autentik berperan dalam menciptakan iklim kerja yang terbuka dan penuh integritas, sedangkan penyesuaian pekerjaan memberi ruang bagi pegawai menyesuaikan pekerjaan dengan kekuatan dan preferensi pribadi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan survei terhadap 153 pegawai Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Pemalang. Instrumen berupa kuesioner berskala Likert yang diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Analisis data dilakukan dengan Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) untuk menguji hubungan langsung maupun mediasi antar variabel berdasarkan teori JD-R, COR, dan Authentic Leadership. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan empat hipotesis diterima dan satu ditolak. Penyesuaian pekerjaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keterlibatan kerja dan kinerja pegawai, serta menjadi prediktor paling kuat bagi kinerja (β = 0,432). Kepemimpinan autentik berpengaruh positif terhadap keterlibatan kerja (β = 0,335), namun tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja (β = 0,120). Keterlibatan kerja terbukti memediasi sebagian hubungan penyesuaian pekerjaan dengan kinerja, tetapi tidak memediasi pengaruh kepemimpinan autentik. Model penelitian mampu menjelaskan 44,2% varians keterlibatan kerja dan 60,8% varians kinerja pegawai. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya faktor individual seperti penyesuaian pekerjaan dibandingkan faktor kepemimpinan top-down dalam meningkatkan kinerja pegawai di sektor publik. Implikasi praktis penelitian ini adalah perlunya organisasi pemerintah mengembangkan program penyesuaian pekerjaan, memperkuat keterlibatan kerja, serta membangun kepemimpinan autentik sebagai fondasi budaya kerja yang positif.

DIARTINI, RENI SRI

Innovation, Theory & Practice Management Journal 2026 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang

digital baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui komitmen organisasi pada pegawai Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kabupaten Pemalang. Populasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pegawai yang bekerja di Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kabupaten Pemalang dengan jumlah 64 orang pegawai, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan sample jenuh. Sumber data yang digunakan data primer, dengan metode pengumpulan data kuesioner. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah Partial Least Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berbagi pengetahuan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai, kepemimpinan digital berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Komitmen organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Berbagi pengetahuan berpengaruh posotif dan signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasi, kepemimpinan digital berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasi. Komitmen organisasi dapat memediasi pengaruh berbagi pengetahuan tehadap kinerja pegawai dan komitmen organisasi dapat memediasi pengaruh kepemimpian digital terhadap kinerja pegawai

Martono, Bambang

Innovation, Theory & Practice Management Journal 2026 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran kepemimpinan digital, knowledge sharing baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui perilaku inovasi terhadap kinerja pegawai pada pegawai Kecamatan se-Kabuptaen Pemalang. Populasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pegawai ASN sebanyak 217 responden. Sampel yang digunakan menggunakan rumus slovin sebanyak 141 responden. Sumber data yang digunakan data primer, dengan metode pengumpulan data kuesioner. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah Partial Least Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan digital berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai, knowledge sharing berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Kepemimpinan digital berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku inovasi, knowledge sharing berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku inovasi. Perilaku inovasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Perilaku inovasi dapat memediasi pengaruh kepemimpinan digital terhadap kinerja pegawai dan perilaku inovasi dapat memediasi pengaruh knowledge sharing terhadap kinerja pegawai.

LESMANA, AFA

Innovation, Theory & Practice Management Journal 2026 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh iklim kerja dan komepensasi finansial baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pegawai OPD Pengelola Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Pemalang. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 110 responden, penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampel jenuh, yaitu teknik di mana seluruh anggota populasi dijadikan sampel. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pegawai OPD Pengelola Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Pemalang berjumlah 110 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa iklim kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai, kompensasi finansial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Iklim kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja. Kompensasi finansial berpengaruh psitif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja. Kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai

Andia Janash Mumthaza; Afriyanti Eva Belinda Lase; Irfan Achmad Musadat; Niken Widyastuti; Harianto Simarmata

JURNAL EKONOMI MANAJEMEN AKUNTANSI 2025 sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Dharma Putra Semarang

This study aims to determine the description of work motivation, workload, and employee performance, as well as to analyze the magnitude of the influence of work motivation and workload on employee performance, both partially and simultaneously. The research method used is descriptive and verification with a quantitative approach. The study population includes all employees of the Bogor City Regional Revenue Agency, namely 83 ASN, who were used as respondents using a non-probability sampling technique through a saturated sampling approach. The results of the study indicate that the description of work motivation, workload, and employee performance are generally included in the sufficient category. Based on the results of the determination test, it is known that work motivation has a 53.5% effect on employee performance, while workload has a 13.9% effect on employee performance. Simultaneously, work motivation and workload have a 61.9% effect on employee performance. Thus, the results of the hypothesis test prove that work motivation and workload have a significant effect on employee performance.

Pranasari, Shafa Afia Nanda Andya; Hidayati, Nur; Muttaqien, Zaenul

Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Manajemen (EBISMEN) 2025 FEB Universitas Maritim Semarang

This study aims to analyze the influence of work ethic, work spirit, and physical work environment on employee performance at the Regional Revenue, Financial, and Asset Management Agency (BPPKAD) of Kediri City. This research employed an associative quantitative method with a descriptive approach. The population consisted of 215 employees, and a purposive sampling technique was used to select 100 respondents. Data were collected using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was conducted through classical assumption tests and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 26. The results indicate that work ethic, work spirit, and physical work environment have a positive and significant effect on employee performance, both partially and simultaneously. The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.693 shows that 69.3% of employee performance variation can be explained by the three independent variables. Therefore, improving employee performance at BPPKAD Kediri City can be achieved by strengthening work ethics, increasing work spirit, and creating a comfortable and productive physical work environment.

Agnes Kristalia Meika Putri; Muhammad Nasyiruddin; Endah Siswati

Jurnal Media Administrasi 2025 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang, Indonesia

This research aims to analyze the performance of employees in providing birth certificate making services at the Sananakulon Village Office, as well as identify supporting and inhibiting factors in the service process. The approach used is qualitative with data collection methods through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation. The research informants consisted of village officials, service officers, and community members who had taken care of birth certificates, which were selected using the purposive sampling technique. Data analysis is carried out through the stages of data collection, data reduction, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that the performance of employees in birth certificate services is quite good, characterized by responsiveness and a friendly attitude towards the community. However, the implementation has not fully met the employee performance indicators according to Dwiyanto's theory (2006), especially in terms of efficiency and accountability. Supporting factors include employee commitment, leadership support, and community participation, while inhibiting factors include limited human resources, infrastructure, and lack of technical training. This study recommends increasing employee capacity and improving technology-based service systems to support more optimal and accountable public services.

khoiron, alva alvin; Adi Susanto; Ayung Warninda

Saturnus: Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Informasi 2025 Asosiasi Riset Teknik Elektro dan Informatika Indonesia

The Population and Civil Registration Office of Situbondo Regency faces challenges in improving the efficiency of recording and reporting the performance of Non-ASN employees, which has so far been conducted through temporary notes and documents. This approach is prone to delays, input errors, and suboptimal data management. To address this issue, this study aims to design a web-based information system capable of recording, managing, and displaying Non-ASN employee performance reports in a structured and real-time manner. The system is developed using PHP programming language and MySQL database to support dynamic and integrated data management. The system development follows the V-Model approach, which emphasizes verification and validation at each development stage, including requirement analysis, system design, module design, implementation, unit and integration testing, and maintenance. The result of this study is an information system that facilitates performance data entry, accelerates report generation, and improves accuracy and transparency in evaluating Non-ASN employee performance. In addition, the system is designed with a responsive web interface that is easy for stakeholders to use.

Fiqri, Muhammad Bima; Yusuf, Muhammad; Hidayanti, Mawar

Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Manajemen (EBISMEN) 2025 FEB Universitas Maritim Semarang

This study aims to determine the influence of communication and organizational culture on employee performance at the Bima City BPKAS Office. The instrument used in this study was a Likert-scale questionnaire. The sample consisted of 40 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Data collection techniques included observation, questionnaires, and literature review. Data analysis used multiple linear regression with SPSS for Windows. The results indicate that, partially and simultaneously, communication and organizational culture significantly influence employee performance at the Bima City BPKAD Office.

Wahyu Saputro

Mars: Jurnal Teknik Mesin, Industri, Elektro Dan Ilmu Komputer 2025 Asosiasi Riset Teknik Elektro dan Informatika Indonesia

Human Resource Management (HRM) plays a strategic role in improving organizational competitiveness through proper management of employee placement, training, and performance evaluation. To support the achievement of these goals, a predictive model is needed that can provide an accurate picture of employee performance. This study utilizes a Human Resource Management (HRM) dataset of 1,200 data and applies several classification algorithms to compare their effectiveness, namely J48 or C4.5, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Logistic Regression, and Support Vector Machine (SVM). To obtain more optimal results, this study uses resampling techniques and attribute selection methods with a correlation attribute eval approach, so that class distribution can be more balanced and model accuracy increases. From the test results, the Decision Tree J48 algorithm showed the best performance with an accuracy level reaching 95.41%, a kappa value of 0.8925, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.0432, a precision of 0.955, a recall of 0.954, and an area under the ROC curve of 0.964. These findings indicate that J48 has excellent predictive capabilities compared to other algorithms. Furthermore, this study also found that the most influential variables in determining employee performance include the percentage of the last salary increase (EmpLast Salary Hike Percent), the level of work environment satisfaction (Emp Environment Satisfaction), the length of time since the last promotion (Years Since Last Promotion), and experience in the current role (Experience Years in Current Role). Overall, the results of the study indicate that the C4.5 algorithm with the application of the resampling technique can be an optimal solution in building an employee performance prediction system. Thus, this model has the potential to be a strong basis for managerial decision-making, particularly in designing HR development strategies and policies to improve organizational performance.

Karlina, Leni; Badar, Muhammad; Irawan, Ikba

Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Manajemen (EBISMEN) 2025 FEB Universitas Maritim Semarang

This study aims to analyze the effect of training and human resource development on employee performance at the Social Service Office of Bima City. The research was motivated by the low level of employee productivity, limited budget allocation for development programs, and the tendency of some employees to delay task completion. The study employs a quantitative approach with an associative method. The population consists of 59 employees, with a sample of 35 civil servants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires, observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis techniques include validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, t-test, and F-test. The findings show that both training and human resource development have a significant and positive impact on employee performance. Training improves employee skills, while development efforts enhance competencies to meet organizational demands. The study suggests that structured training and development programs should be optimized to improve public service performance.

Fadilah, Nur; Badar, Muhammad; Jaenab, Jaenab

Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Manajemen (EBISMEN) 2025 FEB Universitas Maritim Semarang

This study aims to examine the influence of competence, job placement, and work discipline on employee performance at the Samsat Office of Bima Regency. The research applies a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 30 civil servants selected using purposive sampling. The data analysis techniques include validity and reliability tests, multiple linear regression, t-test, and F-test. The results show that competence, placement, and work discipline each have a positive and significant influence on employee performance, both partially and simultaneously. The coefficient of determination indicates that 45.2% of the variance in performance is explained by the three variables. These findings suggest that improving employee competence through training, placing staff according to their skills, and consistently enforcing work discipline can enhance employee effectiveness and productivity. The study has important implications for human resource management in public institutions, particularly in improving service quality through better employee performance.