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Heritage language loss among immigrant and diaspora communities represents a critical challenge to cultural identity, intergenerational communication, and cognitive diversity. Traditional heritage language maintenance approaches face significant barriers including limited resources, lack of qualified instructors, geographic dispersion, and competing demands of dominant language acquisition. This study investigates the effectiveness of bilingual digital story applications as innovative tools for heritage language maintenance among children aged 4-12 years. Through a 24-month longitudinal mixed-methods study involving 1,843 families across eight language communities (Spanish, Mandarin, Arabic, Korean, Tagalog, Vietnamese, Hindi, and Polish), we examined language proficiency development, cultural identity formation, family engagement patterns, and app usage behaviors. Quantitative analysis of pre- and post-intervention language assessments revealed statistically significant improvements in heritage language vocabulary (effect size d=0.68), listening comprehension (d=0.54), and oral production (d=0.47) among children using bilingual story apps for at least 20 minutes daily. Qualitative findings from parent interviews and child focus groups highlighted the apps' role in making heritage language learning enjoyable, facilitating parent-child interaction, connecting children to cultural narratives, and normalizing bilingualism. However, effectiveness varied substantially based on app design features, with interactive elements, culturally authentic content, parent involvement scaffolds, and adaptive difficulty showing strongest associations with outcomes. This research demonstrates that thoughtfully designed bilingual story apps can serve as accessible, scalable tools for heritage language maintenance, though they function most effectively as complements to rather than substitutes for rich home language environments and community connections. The study contributes empirical evidence to inform app development, family language planning, and policies supporting linguistic diversity in increasingly globalized societies.

This study is a scholarly work by a student of the Early Childhood Education Teacher Education Program, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, supervised by Dra. Rapi Us. Djuko as the first advisor and Mr. Nunung Suryana Jamin, SE, M.Si as the second advisor. The objective of this research is to provide a comprehensive overview of foreign language development achievements among early childhood learners in Group B at TK Nurul Ilmih. The study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation as data collection methods. A total of 22 children participated as the primary subjects and were actively involved throughout the observation process. The research focused on several linguistic aspects, including language comprehension, verbal expression, basic vocabulary usage, pronunciation ability, and children's responses to bilingual instructions (in both Indonesian and English). The findings indicate that the children’s foreign language development falls within the "developing as expected" category, although it has not yet reached an optimal level. Some children still encounter difficulties in pronouncing English vocabulary, constructing simple sentences, and understanding verbal commands. Several factors influence the progress of their language development, including family background, parenting style, the intensity of teacher-provided stimulation, and habitual exposure to foreign languages in daily school activities. The study concludes that consistent, engaging, and developmentally appropriate stimulation from both teachers and parents plays a crucial role in fostering bilingual proficiency in early childhood.

This community service program aims to introduce basic English vocabulary to Kindergarten students through the medium of bilingual songs. The background of this activity is the limitation of interactive learning media and the dominance of traditional methods that are less attractive for early childhood. Bilingual songs were chosen because they have a simple rhythm, easy to remember lyrics, and are able to create a fun and contextual learning atmosphere. The method used is the Participatory Action Learning System approach which includes the preparation stage, flexible action, and reflection. Bilingual songs are inserted at the transition moments of class activities and combined with simple movements to stimulate natural vocabulary acquisition. The results of the observations showed a significant improvement in children's language skills: most students were able to remember new vocabulary, enthusiasm for learning increased, and active participation in singing together was higher. Teachers also reported that the use of bilingual songs helped keep children's attention and created a positive learning atmosphere. Overall, this activity proves that bilingual songs are an effective, fun, and appropriate medium for children's developmental stages to strengthen mastery of basic English vocabulary. This program is recommended to be applied continuously in daily learning activities in kindergarten classrooms.

In the era of globalization, language proficiency in early childhood is crucial for supporting their cognitive and social development. At RA Masjid Al Akbar Surabaya, a bilingual program (Indonesian-English) is implemented for Group B to optimize children's language skills. This study aims to analyze the impact of the bilingual program on children's speaking, listening, and language comprehension aspects. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews with teachers and parents, and documentation. The subjects of the study are children in Group B who participate in the bilingual program. The results show a positive impact of the bilingual program on children's language development. Children are able to interact actively in both languages, both in speaking and listening, and show improvements in language comprehension. This bilingual program has proven effective in enhancing children's communication skills and supporting holistic language development from an early age. Therefore, the bilingual program at RA Masjid Al Akbar can be used as a model for developing language skills in early childhood to prepare them for the challenges of globalization in the future.

This study aims to identify the forms of code-mixing present in the speech videos of Vice President Gibran Rakabuming, with the KOMPASTV YouTube channel serving as the data source. This phenomenon is interesting to examine because the use of code-mixing by state officials can influence public perceptions of the use of Indonesian in formal contexts, particularly in official speeches. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, using the observation and note method as the data collection technique. Data analysis was conducted through several stages, namely observing, noting, and then presenting as well as describing the forms of code-switching in Vice President Gibran Rakabuming’s speech videos. The results show that the type of code-mixing that occurs is outer code-mixing, characterized by the insertion of English vocabulary. The first video contained 9 instances of code-mixing, the second video 5 instances, the third video 4 instances, the fourth video 15 instances, and the fifth video 9 instances. These findings indicate that code-mixing is a phenomenon within the field of sociolinguistics and is commonly found among bilingual and multilingual communities.

The integration of language and culture plays a crucial role in shaping the complexity of human cognitive processes. Language acts not only as a means of conveying messages but also as a conceptual system that influences how individuals construct mental representations, process information, and reason. Culture, on the other hand, provides a set of values, norms, and thought patterns that shape attention, interpretation of experiences, and strategies for understanding the social world. A review of literature from the fields of linguistic relativity, cultural psychology, neurolinguistics, and cross-cultural cognition found that differences in language structure, bilingual experience, and cultural value orientations result in variations in perception, memory, and executive function. Neurocognitive findings indicate that the influence of language and culture is evident down to the level of brain activation. Furthermore, the sociocultural approach emphasizes the role of language as a mediating tool in the process of internalizing values ​​and developing higher-order cognitive abilities. Thus, human cognition is the result of a dynamic interaction between language, culture, and social experience.

This community service program aims to enhance the English communication skills of strawberry farmers in Pancasari Village, Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency, as an effort to strengthen tourism competitiveness through agrotourism. The activity was carried out through practical English training using a participatory and context-based approach that reflects the farmers’ real communication needs. The training consisted of two main stages: a classroom session employing the role-play method and a field practice session held directly at the strawberry farm with the involvement of local tourists and student assistants. The training materials covered daily expressions commonly used in interactions with visitors, including greetings, product explanation, offering activities, and basic transaction language. The primary learning media were a bilingual communication booklet and situational training modules, both developed from the results of a prior needs analysis. The evaluation results showed a significant improvement in the participants’ English communication abilities. Based on the pre-test and post-test results, the average improvement reached 43%, particularly in speaking confidence, vocabulary mastery, and fluency. Participants also demonstrated increased enthusiasm and professionalism when interacting with tourists in English. This program proves that practical and role-play–based training is effective in developing both linguistic competence and communicative confidence among local farmers. It also strengthens their role as tourism actors who contribute to the sustainable development of the Pancasari agrotourism area.

This study discusses the phenomenon of language interference on the Instagram account of public figure Cinta Laura Kiehl. Language interference is a language phenomenon characterized by the entry of elements from one language into another language commonly used by bilingual or multilingual speakers. In this context, the interference of Indonesian and English on Cinta Laura's Instagram account is interesting to study because of its consistent and striking use in various uploads and digital interactions. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a content analysis method on data in the form of image captions uploaded by Cinta Laura at a certain time. The results of the study show that the interference that appears can be classified into several linguistic levels, namely lexical, morphological, syntactic, and semantic levels. Lexical interference appears in the use of English vocabulary in Indonesian sentences. Meanwhile, morphological interference is seen from the structure of mixed word formation that does not comply with the rules in Indonesian. Syntactic interference appears in the form of sentence structures that follow the structure of English. Factors that cause interference include the speaker's bilingual background, the habit of using foreign languages ​​in everyday life, the influence of an international social environment, and expressive and modern communication styles on social media. This study shows that interference in the context of social media is not merely a form of language deviation, but can also be seen as part of the construction of self-identity and digital communication strategies. These findings are expected to contribute to contemporary sociolinguistic studies and enrich understanding of the dynamics of language use in digital public spaces.

This study aims to examine in depth the learning strategies implemented in the Bilingual-A class to develop early childhood language skills. The development of language skills in early childhood is an important aspect to consider, as language functions as the main medium for children to communicate, think, and express their feelings and ideas. However, language development problems often arise due to a lack of sufficient linguistic stimulation, both at home and in the learning environment. To address this issue, the study employs a descriptive qualitative approach through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving teachers and children in the Bilingual-A class at RA Masjid Al-Akbar Surabaya. Through this approach, the researcher seeks to obtain a clear picture of how bilingual learning strategies are applied in daily classroom activities. The findings reveal that the applied learning strategies include communicative approaches, the use of enjoyable bilingual songs and games, and various visual media such as pictures, word cards, and teaching aids. The implementation of these strategies has proven effective in enhancing children’s vocabulary mastery, sentence construction ability, and confidence in communicating using two languages. These findings highlight the crucial role of teachers in designing engaging, interactive, and developmentally appropriate learning activities that holistically support children’s language growth.  

Vocabulary mastery is a fundamental component in English language learning that determines comprehension, speaking, and writing skills. However, in the context of district-level communities, including the Regional Library of Labuhan Batu, vocabulary learning still faces various challenges such as the lack of contextual teaching materials, the dominance of rote learning methods, and the limited use of local resources. To address these issues, this Community Service Program (PkM) proposes the application of lexical analysis on 100 local library documents as the basis for developing interactive media used in vocabulary training. The method employed is a community-based participatory approach, with stages including preparation, lexical analysis, media development, training, and evaluation. Corpus analysis produced 27,800 word types with 200 high-frequency words and 1,350 distinctive local vocabulary items. The interactive media developed include multimedia modules, Wordwall quizzes, mobile-based gamification, and bilingual infographics. The training was attended by 40 participants, with evaluation results showing a significant improvement in the average post-test score (76.8) compared to the pre-test (42.5), and 82.5% of participants achieving scores ≥70. Furthermore, 90% of participants reported increased motivation to learn, and 85% considered the locally based materials more relevant. Thus, this PkM provides a tangible contribution to enhancing English literacy through local vocabulary and offers an interactive learning model that can be replicated in other regional libraries in Indonesia.

This community service program aims to promote learning transformation through the implementation of Augmented Reality (AR) based on Indonesian folklore at SMP Stella Matutina, Salatiga. The activity was conducted collaboratively by lecturers from the fields of Human Resource Management and English Education, involving teachers and 89 students from grades VII and VIII. The program integrated local wisdom and digital innovation in the form of interactive learning media to enhance students’ cultural literacy and learning motivation. The implementation method included needs assessment, development of bilingual AR content (Indonesian–English), teacher training, and classroom application. The results indicated increased student engagement, improved teacher skills in educational technology, and enhanced student awareness of cultural preservation. Folklore-based AR media proved to be an effective and sustainable strategy for developing contextual and innovative educational human resources

Language variation in the form of mixed code is a linguistic symptom that is often found in bilingual and multilingual communities, especially in popular media such as movies. This study aims to identify and describe the mixed forms of code that appear in the second season of the Imperfect: The Series series, specifically in episodes 1 to 5. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques in the form of recording and analysis of dialogues between figures that contain mixed elements of code. The research instrument is in the form of dialogue transcripts that are analyzed with a sociolinguistic approach, mainly based on the theory of mixed code according to Suwito (1985) and the theory of relevance of the social context according to Holmes (2013). The results of the study revealed two main categories of forms of code mixing, namely inner code mixing involving elements of regional languages, and outer code mixing which includes the insertion of words or phrases from foreign languages, such as English. Based on data analysis, it was found that there were 12 data mixed in code and 18 data mixed in code out. This phenomenon shows that the use of mixed codes in character dialogue not only serves as a marker of social and cultural identity, but also as a reflection of the dynamics of communication in a pluralistic and modern urban society. In addition, the use of mixed codes in audiovisual media also has pragmatic and aesthetic implications, which can strengthen character characterization, create humorous effects, adjust the context of social situations, and increase narrative appeal to young audiences who are familiar with multilingualism.

Lau Kawar Lake, a natural tourism area located on the slopes of Mount Sinabung in Karo Regency, North Sumatra, holds significant potential for the development of nature and culture-based tourism. However, the growth in tourist visits has not yet met expectations due to limited accessibility across various dimensions. This study aims to formulate strategies for improving physical, informational, and institutional accessibility in support of sustainable regional development.The research adopts a mixed methods approach, emphasizing primary data collection through field observations, interviews with key stakeholders and village officials, as well as surveys of 60 tourist respondents. Findings reveal that, overall, the three dimensions of accessibility are still rated as "fair," with average scores ranging from 3.28 to 3.36. The main barriers identified include inadequate road infra-structure within the area, lack of dedicated public transportation for tourists, limited official digital promotional content, and weak institutional coordination in area management. A synthesis of the quantitative and qualitative results indicates that the development of Lau Kawar Lake requires an integrative approach that combines spatial planning, community-based governance, and local policy interventions.Based on these findings, several strategic recommendations are proposed: (1) improvement of access roads and landslide-prone areas through Special Allocation Fund (DAK) for infrastructure; (2) provision of dedicated public transportation for tourists with fixed routes and schedules from the nearest city center; (3) installation of directional signs and visual information boards in aesthetically pleasing formats and bilingual language; (4) establishment of a Digital Promotion Team involving local actors and institutions; (5) capacity-building programs for the community in tourism services, home stay management, and culinary entrepreneurship; and (6) formation of a Cross-Sectoral Accessibility Coordination Forum for Lau Kawar Tourism as a medium-term planning and monitoring platform.This study contributes contextually to strengthening the accessibility dimension as a key prerequisite for advancing local tourism destinations towards sustainable, inclusive, and locally grounded development.

This article aimed to investigate the types of code mixing in digital communication by applying Hoffmann’s theory on code mixing. The data sources of this article were three videos: “First Day of University,” “Traveling Alone to Singapore,” and “19th Birthday GLOW UP” on the Grandtastic YouTube channel. The data were derived from Grandis Tenar’s speech, which consist of code mixing. The data were collected through observation and documentation methods, utilizing note-taking techniques. A qualitative method was employed to analyze the collected data. The results demonstrate that Grandis Tenar often mixing languages, especially within sentences, indicating a natural and fluent use of the two languages. This pattern reflects not only her bilingual competence, but also a tendency to mix codes in her daily communication.

This study describes the role of leadership in improving the quality of education through School Based Management which is applied at S MI Roudlotul Jannah Prambon with the formulation of the research problem: What is the role of leadership in improving the quality of education, What are the supporting and inhibiting factors in improving the quality of education through School Based Management . The method used is a qualitative approach with a case study approach. Data collection techniques are used by observation, interviews and documentation studies. Data analysis techniques are made by data reduction, data display and conclusion (verification) and data validity. The results of this study indicate that school principals have implemented SBM to improve the quality of education with the following activities: First, madrasah heads have planned and evaluated school programs, curriculum management and teaching and learning processes, student services, human resource management, financial management, facility management and Infrastructure and School-Community Relations. Second; the head of the madrasa plays a role as; Supervisors, Managerial and Educators thus the leadership role of the head of the madrasa at MI Roudlotul Jannah in order to improve the quality of education, has been quite well demonstrated by the graduation standards which increase every year. Third; supporting and inhibiting factors include: Supporting: Visionary Leadership, Qualified Teachers, Relevant Curriculum, Parental and Community Participation and Adequate Facilities; Barriers: Technology and Globalization Challenges, Lack of Funding Sources, Inadequate Evaluation and Monitoring, Lack of Access to Technology and Infrastructure.

Aktivitas bisnis transaksi kontrak merupakan salah satu penunjang Aktivitas bisnis transaksi kontrak merupakan salah satu penunjang perkembangan ekonomi. Tidaklah mengherankan kontrak yang melibatkan pihak asing dibuat di Indonesia namun ditulis menggunakan bahasa asing atau bahasa Inggris. Dengan perkembangan sebuah teknologi ini harus diiringi dengan berkembangnya peraturan-peraturan yang akan berlaku di masyarakat. Pemerintah perlu mendukung perkembangan teknologi informasi melalui infrastruktur hukum dan pengaturannya, sehingga pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dilakukan secara aman dan mencegah penyalahgunaannya dengan memperhatikan nilai-nilai yang terkandung di Indonesia. Yang kemudian muncul rumusan masalahnya yaitu; 1) Bagaimana bentuk Akta-akta Perjanjian dapat dibuat secara Billingual di Indonesia oleh dua warga negara? 2) Mengapa digital signature dapat digunakan dalam Pembuatan Akta-akta Perjanjian? 3) Bagaimana kekuatan hukum Akta-akta Perjanjian yang dibuat secara Bilingual oleh dua warga negara dengan menggunakan digital signature? Dalam menemukan jawaban atas rumusan masalahnya itu peneliti menggunakan metode pengumpulan data studi kepustakaan (library research) dan riset lapangan (field research). Hasil Penelitiannya yaitu bahwa Akta perjanjian yang dibuat dalam 2 bahasa apabila diterapkan pada Akta Perjanjian di bawah tangan dan akta Notaris kekuatan hukumnya sama dengan akta yang dibuat dalam 1 bahasa, yaitu sah dan mengikat. Dan Akta Perjanjian yang ditanda tangani secara elektronik antara Akta Perjanjian di bawah tangan dan akta Notaris memiliki kekuatan hukum yang berbeda. Kekuatan hukum Akta Perjanjian di bawah tangan yang ditanda tangani secara elektronik adalah sah dan mengikat. Sedangkan Akta Perjanjian yang disebut dengan Akta Otentik, jika ditanda tangani secara elektronik, maka akta Notaris terdegrasi menjadi akta yang dibuat di bawah tangan.

This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of code-switching and code-mixing in YouTube content by Noona Rosa as a linguistic practice in a multilingual digital context. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected from several of Noona Rosa's uploaded videos and analyzed in terms of form, function, and influencing factors in the use of Indonesian and Korean code variation. The findings reveal that code-switching is employed to express emotions, reinforce cultural identity, and build rapport with bilingual audiences. Meanwhile, code-mixing commonly appears in the insertion of Korean cultural terms into Indonesian sentence structures, serving as a communicative strategy of identity and cultural meaning preservation. The influencing factors include social context, speaker identity, discussion topics, and emotional expression. These findings contribute significantly to sociolinguistic studies and highlight how digital media serves as a platform for multicultural identity expression.

Code-switching and code-mixing are linguistic phenomena that reflect the cultural and linguistic diversity of Indonesian society, particularly within literary works. This study aims to analyze how elements of the Javanese language are employed through these phenomena in the novel Soedirman dan Alfiyah by E. Rokajat Asura. Using a literature review method, the study examines relevant theories and previous research on the use of regional languages, specifically Javanese, in literature. The findings reveal that both code-switching and code-mixing enrich character expression, serve as markers of cultural identity, convey emotional depth, and enhance the social messages embedded in the narrative. Visual markers such as italicized text are utilized to distinguish linguistic shifts, although inconsistencies in their application are noted. This research highlights the importance of preserving regional languages in literary works and emphasizes the need for consistent typographical presentation to improve readability and linguistic awareness among readers.

Code-switching and code-mixing are linguistic phenomena that reflect the cultural and linguistic diversity of Indonesian society, particularly within literary works. This study aims to analyze how elements of the Javanese language are employed through these phenomena in the novel Soedirman dan Alfiyah by E. Rokajat Asura. Using a literature review method, the study examines relevant theories and previous research on the use of regional languages, specifically Javanese, in literature. The findings reveal that both code-switching and code-mixing enrich character expression, serve as markers of cultural identity, convey emotional depth, and enhance the social messages embedded in the narrative. Visual markers such as italicized text are utilized to distinguish linguistic shifts, although inconsistencies in their application are noted. This research highlights the importance of preserving regional languages in literary works and emphasizes the need for consistent typographical presentation to improve readability and linguistic awareness among readers.

This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of code-switching and code-mixing in YouTube content by Noona Rosa as a linguistic practice in a multilingual digital context. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected from several of Noona Rosa's uploaded videos and analyzed in terms of form, function, and influencing factors in the use of Indonesian and Korean code variation. The findings reveal that code-switching is employed to express emotions, reinforce cultural identity, and build rapport with bilingual audiences. Meanwhile, code-mixing commonly appears in the insertion of Korean cultural terms into Indonesian sentence structures, serving as a communicative strategy of identity and cultural meaning preservation. The influencing factors include social context, speaker identity, discussion topics, and emotional expression. These findings contribute significantly to sociolinguistic studies and highlight how digital media serves as a platform for multicultural identity expression.