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This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Independent Curriculum in third-grade students at Al-Munawarah Elementary School, Sentani, Jayapura Regency. Using a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation, this study evaluated three main aspects: planning, implementation, and evaluation of learning. The results showed that during the planning stage, teachers developed teaching modules that referred to Learning Outcomes (CP) and prepared assessment instruments in the form of projects and prompt questions. During the implementation stage, teachers implemented an inquiry-based learning model to encourage student engagement and utilized various media, from printed books to digital devices, which positively impacted student engagement in class. During the evaluation stage, teachers used cultural project assessments and Student Worksheets (LKPD), accompanied by positive feedback to motivate students. Although implementation generally proceeded according to the curriculum framework, obstacles were still encountered in the application of differentiated learning because teachers tended to use lecture methods and generalize the abilities of all students. Therefore, continuous improvement is needed so that learning planning can be more aligned with the characteristics and individual needs of each student.

MA Sakti Ngebel, a secondary education institution in Ngebel District, Ponorogo Regency, has excellent potential to develop more context-based chemistry learning. MA Sakti students have previously struggled to understand fundamental chemistry concepts, particularly in relating them to everyday phenomena. Students tend to memorize formulas without understanding the meanings and applications of the concepts. Therefore, an effort is needed to implement simple, applicable, and school-specific learning innovations. One relevant approach is the implementation of Fun Chemistry Learning based chemistry practicums. The purpose of this community service (PKM) activity is to strengthen the understanding of chemistry concepts at MA Sakti Ngebel Ponorogo through FCL-based chemistry practicums. The stages of this PKM activity are program socialization, training, implementation of FCL learning innovations, mentoring, evaluation, and program sustainability. The N-gain analysis of the pretest and posttest results indicates that the increase in students’ knowledge of chemistry concepts falls in the moderate range. The results of the overall satisfaction questionnaire showed that the lowest level of satisfaction was in the aspect of time management and events during the PKM activities (45% of students considered it very satisfactory), while the highest level of satisfaction was in the aspect of motivation to learn chemistry after the PKM activities and the effectiveness of the FCL training carried out (both of which 70% of students considered it very satisfactory).

Literacy skills in elementary schools play a crucial role in supporting students’ academic development and overall learning success. However, observations conducted at SDN 2 Demulih revealed that many students still experience difficulties in comprehending reading materials and retelling stories coherently and systematically. This study aims to enhance students’ literacy and language skills through the implementation of the retelling technique as an instructional strategy. A descriptive research approach employing the ADDIE development model was applied, consisting of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The program involved 21 students from grades IV–VI and utilized two audiovisual story media, namely “Independence” and “Bawang dan Kesuna.” The results indicate that the application of the retelling technique based on audiovisual media effectively improved students’ reading comprehension, learning activeness, and self-confidence in speaking activities. Students were able to reconstruct storylines accurately and express moral messages using their own words. Therefore, the retelling technique is proven to be an engaging, practical, and effective literacy learning strategy for elementary school students.

The development of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 to the Society 5.0 era presents new challenges for education, including Islamic Religious Education (PAI). PAI is required not only to transfer religious knowledge but also to shape character, morality, and 21st-century competencies. This study aims to examine the philosophical foundations, characteristics, and application of PAI learning models to ensure their relevance in modern education. The research employed a qualitative approach with a library research design, involving the exploration of primary and secondary literature, critical reading, systematic note-taking, and content analysis validated through triangulation of classical and contemporary sources. The findings indicate that PAI learning models are conceptual, theoretical, systematic, and rooted in religious, philosophical, psychological, and sociological foundations. Four main models behavioristic, information processing, social, and humanistic each have strengths and limitations, yet their integration is relevant to forming insan kamil, a holistic human being balanced in cognitive, affective, psychomotor, spiritual, and social aspects. Therefore, developing PAI learning models based on Islamic philosophy and adaptive to technological advancements is a strategic necessity to face global challenges.

This study aims to analyze the process of processing fruit peel waste from juice traders into eco-enzymes as an effort to reduce environmental pollution. The research uses qualitative descriptive methods through direct observation, documentation, and literature studies. Fruit peel waste is fermented at a ratio of 1:3:10 (molasses : fruit waste : water) for three months under anaerobic conditions. The fermentation results show good eco-enzyme characteristics, characterized by a pH of 3, a fresh sour aroma, and a brownish color as an indicator of fermentation success. These findings show that the process of processing eco-enzymes from fruit peel waste can be done simply, cheaply, and environmentally friendly. In addition, the use of eco-enzymes has the potential to reduce the volume of organic waste disposed of in landfills and reduce water and soil pollution. The resulting eco-enzyme also has potential applications as natural cleaners, liquid fertilizers, and odor controllers. Thus, the treatment of fruit peel waste not only supports sustainable environmental management practices, but also encourages the implementation of the circular economy as well as community empowerment ecologically and economically.

The development of lanthanum-doped barium hexaferrite materials has attracted considerable attention in the field of functional materials, particularly as electromagnetic wave absorbers. This literature review aims to analyze advances in synthesis methods, structural characteristics, magnetic properties, and electromagnetic absorption performance of lanthanum-doped barium hexaferrite reported in various studies. Synthesis techniques such as sol–gel, coprecipitation, solid-state reaction, and hydrothermal methods are compared to evaluate their effects on crystallite size, morphology, and phase purity. Lanthanum doping is known to modify lattice parameters, reduce coercivity, and enhance complex permittivity and permeability, which play crucial roles in absorption mechanisms. Furthermore, variations in dopant concentration significantly influence reflection loss values and effective absorption bandwidth. The reviewed literature indicates that optimization of composition and synthesis routes can produce materials with high absorption capability, good stability, and strong potential for application in electromagnetic interference mitigation devices. This review is expected to serve as a conceptual reference for future development of lanthanum-doped barium hexaferrite–based electromagnetic wave absorbing materials. The comparative approach also highlights research challenges, industrial application opportunities, and future research directions relevant to the evolving demands of modern communication and defense technologies at both national and global levels.

This research aims to analyze the relationship between Christian Family Discipleship and Ethics of Holy Living toward achieving Christian Household Harmony. The Christian family is understood as a covenant institution whose primary purpose is sanctification and discipleship. Harmony within the household is viewed not merely as the absence of conflict, but as genuine peace (shalom) founded upon biblical principles. The methodology utilized in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach based on literature review, assuming that data is derived from surveys/literature studies involving Christian families. The independent variables tested are the consistency of Christian Family Discipleship practices (as the means/process) and the application of the Ethics of Holy Living (as the standard/morality), while the dependent variable is the level of Household Harmony. The research findings indicate a positive and significant relationship between Christian Family Discipleship and the Ethics of Holy Living, both simultaneously and partially, regarding Christian Household Harmony. Family Discipleship serves as a tool that actively trains and internalizes spiritual values, while the Ethics of Holy Living, especially the principles of forgiveness, Agape love, and humility, function as the normative foundation that must be lived out. It was found that the synergy between a consistent Discipleship process and the practice of Holy Ethics produces a stable and transformative harmony, supported by the unity of spiritual purpose and covenant-based conflict resolution mechanisms. This study concludes that strengthening Christian Household Harmony requires investment in Discipleship that gives rise to the Ethics of Holy Living, which should be the main focus of church ministry and parental responsibility.

This community service activity was conducted to assist banking institutions in the Surabaya region in enhancing the effectiveness of marketing strategies for savings products in order to increase the number of customers. The main problems faced by banks include the relatively low level of public interest in saving and the suboptimal implementation of promotional strategies, particularly in the utilization of digital media. This activity employed a collaborative approach through training, mentoring, and joint evaluation with marketing staff of banks in the Surabaya area. This activity commenced with an observation and interview phase to identify the marketing strategies that had been previously implemented. Subsequently, material delivery, technical assistance, along with an evaluation of promotional effectiveness. The results indicate that participants were able to implement more adaptive marketing strategies by utilizing digital media such as social media, website, and banking applications. The implementation of these strategies was shown to increase public interest in opening saving accounts. Furthermore, this activity contributed to enhancing the capacity of marketing staff to design data-driven strategies and to strengthening public financial literacy regarding saving products.

Business legality is an urgent need for MSMEs, particularly in the food sector, which faces strict regulations and high risks to food safety. However, many MSMEs still lack a Business Identification Number (NIB) or Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection due to low digital literacy and a lack of understanding of licensing procedures. This situation emphasizes the urgency of mentoring so that MSMEs can operate legally and be legally protected. This Community Service Program (PKM) aims to assist the Golden Kriuq MSME in obtaining an NIB and increase business owners' understanding of the importance of IPR, branding, and digital marketing. The implementation method uses a qualitative approach through observation, interviews, education, documentation, and direct mentoring. Activities carried out include NIB registration through the OSS Indonesia application, logo, banner, and menu design, business Instagram account creation, location determination on Google Maps, and education on the stages of brand registration through the DJKI system. The results show that Golden Kriuq successfully obtained an NIB, has a more consistent visual identity, and has a more professional digital presence. The program's impact is evident in increased awareness of legality, digital administration readiness, and businesses' ability to compete more professionally and sustainably.

The transformation of villages into digital villages requires the availability of accurate and integrated data, one of which is geospatial data. Wonoayu Village, Pilangkenceng District, still faces problems such as overlapping land use and limited well-documented geospatial data. This community service activity aims to improve the digital competence of village officials through education on geospatial data management and the practice of creating analog maps using the QGIS application. The implementation method includes partner needs analysis, material preparation, training implementation through interactive lectures, technical demonstrations, hands-on practice, and evaluation using pre- and post-tests. The activity participants consisted of eight Wonoayu Village officials. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' understanding of basic geospatial concepts, as indicated by an increase in the evaluation score from 72 in the pre-test to 85 in the post-test. In addition, participants were able to process spatial data, digitize it, and produce simple thematic maps that include the coordinates of village officials, educational institutions, and UMKM. This activity has a positive impact on the village's readiness to support data-based development planning and is the first step in realizing a sustainable digital village.

Tangerang City has the most applications in Indonesia, with 222 applications. All of these applications are supported by more than 100 servers located in the data center of the Tangerang City Communication and Information Agency. The large number of servers and applications that are managed brings up new problems in the midst of increasing complex cyber threats, especially in government data centers. One of them is how to monitor and respond quickly when there is an attack on the existing system. The implementation of a cyber security system based on Wazuh, Shuffle, and YARA is able to monitor threats in realtime and automate responses against attacks. Wazuh acts as a log-based monitoring and detection platform and behavior analysis, Shuffle is used to automate incident response through integrated workflow, and YARA is applied for signature-based malware identification. The PPDIOO (Prepare, Plan, Design, Implement, Operate, Optimize) method used in this research is used as a framework in designing and evaluating the system. From the research conducted, it is expected that Wazuh successfully monitors anomalies that occur on the server which will then be forwarded to Shuffle to automate the next steps to be taken. YARA integrated with Wazuh also successfully detects and quarantines malicious files that enter the server automatically based on the available signature list.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of direct and indirect methods in teaching English, specifically the topic of "Telling Time," at MTs Al-Amiriyyah through microteaching practice. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The research subjects consist of an English teacher and the students of class VIII A. The data were thematically analyzed to identify significant patterns in the teaching process. The findings indicate that the direct method is effective in building students' foundational understanding of time concepts, as it emphasizes explicit and concrete use of the target language and allows teachers to easily assess students' comprehension through drilling. On the other hand, the indirect method proved to enhance students’ ability to use English more naturally through contextual activities such as role play and daily schedule games. Moreover, students with kinesthetic learning styles responded more positively to the indirect method, as it enables them to learn through physical activity and direct participation. These findings suggest that a combination of both methods yields optimal results: the direct method is effective for the initial stage of concept acquisition, while the indirect method supports the development of communicative skills in a functional and enjoyable manner, aligning with students' characteristics.

This study examines the implementation of the Coretax system in preparing electronic withholding tax slips (e-Bupot) and submitting Monthly Income Tax Article 21 (PPh 21) Returns at PT RSA. Coretax, launched by the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) and officially implemented on January 1, 2025, is part of the government’s effort to modernize tax administration and improve taxpayer compliance. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. Data were obtained through interviews with personnel responsible for PPh 21 administration, direct observation of e-Bupot preparation and monthly tax return filing through Coretax, and documentation review of tax reports and withholding slips. The analysis compares PT RSA’s practices with applicable tax regulations and identifies technical challenges during system use. The results show that PT RSA has complied with prevailing regulations, including the application of the Average Effective Rate (TER) and the utilization of Coretax for tax administration. However, technical constraints remain, particularly unstable internet connections and slow Coretax server performance during peak reporting periods, leading to data entry delays and upload failures. Therefore, improvements in system stability and performance are needed to support timely reporting and optimal tax compliance.

This article aims to provide a comprehensive literature review on how professional ethics can serve as an effective strategy to prevent fund misuse within organizational financial management. Professional ethics is viewed as a set of moral values, behavioral norms, and professional standards that guide financial managers to perform their duties with honesty, responsibility, and without conflicts of interest. In the context of financial management, these duties include recording, budgeting, monitoring, and reporting financial activities, all of which require accuracy and transparency. The study highlights five main principles of professional ethics: integrity, objectivity, professional competence, confidentiality, and professional behavior. These principles clarify rules, strengthen accountability, and ensure that financial processes comply with established standards. The literature review shows that applying professional ethics not only encourages individuals to act correctly but also enhances responsibility, improves performance, and strengthens financial oversight. Integrity and objectivity play a crucial role in preventing report manipulation, budget inflation, and fund misuse, as these principles demand moral courage and fair decision-making. Professional competence ensures that every financial process is carried out accurately and in accordance with regulations, while confidentiality protects sensitive information from misuse. Professional behavior emphasizes adherence to laws, organizational policies, and professional standards. The article also identifies several supporting factors that enable the effective implementation of professional ethics, such as strong internal policies, leadership commitment to integrity, an ethical workplace culture, layered supervision systems, and continuous ethics training. Conversely, common challenges include weak internal controls, limited understanding of ethics, organizational pressure, conflicts of interest, and inconsistent application of ethical standards. Therefore, this article underscores that integrating professional ethics into organizational financial policies, procedures, and management systems is a key step in preventing fund misuse and strengthening stakeholder trust in the organization’s transparency and accountability.

This study analyzes the effectiveness of using BNI Bank’s QRIS in improving transaction convenience and efficiency at the canteen of Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 (UNTAG) Surabaya. The research was conducted by a team led by Ida Ayu Nuh Kartini, S.E., M.M., together with students of the Management Study Program, during November–December 2025. The rapid development of digital banking has encouraged the adoption of QRIS as a standardized non-cash payment system regulated by Bank Indonesia. This study aims to examine the level of QRIS BNI utilization, assess ease of use (application access and QR code scanning), and evaluate transaction efficiency, including time savings, queue reduction, and error minimization. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed using a survey method with a five-point Likert scale questionnaire distributed to 36 respondents consisting of students, lecturers, and administrative staff who had used QRIS at the canteen. Primary data were analyzed descriptively using averages and percentages, supported by relevant literature. The results show that QRIS is perceived as highly effective, with scores above 90% for ease of use (95%), transaction speed (92.78%), reduction of change-related issues (97.78%), support for digitalization (97.22%), and security (91.11%). The main limitation identified is dependence on internet connectivity (85%). Overall, respondents strongly support the full implementation of non-cash payment systems at the campus canteen.

This study analyzes the forms of risk and risk management strategies in melon farming in Brebes as an impact of climate change. A descriptive qualitative approach was applied using a case study through in-depth interviews with a farmer who has more than ten years of experience, supported by secondary data from BPS, BAPPENAS, and related literature. The findings reveal four categories of major risks: market, financial, operational, and socio-environmental. High-level risks include climate variability, yield decline, and pest attacks. Medium-level risks involve production costs, water management, and price fluctuations, while low-level risks consist of limited weather information and agricultural extension services. Current strategies are still basic, including fertilization, pesticide application, and water channel arrangement. Strengthening adaptation is needed through irrigation technology, climate-resilient varieties, marketing diversification, and improved access to information and institutional support.

The use of e-wallets is increasing in Indonesia, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. The most popular digital wallets in Indonesia, such as Go-Pay, OVO, ShopeePay, Dana, and LinkAja, have adapted the mobile banking system, making it easy for users to download the app through the Play Store or App Store. According to Insight Asia, DANA is ranked third in terms of number of users after Gopay and OVO, with 221 respondents from major Indonesian cities. As an e-wallet platform created by PT Espay Debit Indonesi Koe Indonesia in 2018, DANA, as a local company, attracts people's interest and has become a popular choice. This study aims to identify the relationship and influence between Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use on Decision to Use E-wallet, especially DANA, with Intention to Use E-wallet as an intervention variable. Through regression tests, the research findings show that Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use have a positive and significant effect on Intention to Use DANA, and Intention to Use DANA has a significant effect on Decision to Use DANA. Intention to Use E-wallet mediates the relationship between Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use with Decision to Use DANA. This result is obtained by looking at the results of statistical processing, where the p-value <0.005. These findings imply that the perceived usefulness and ease of use of the DANA application has the potential to encourage user interest in using e-wallets, which in turn can influence users' decisions to adopt DANA as an electronic payment method.

Digital technology has become an essential part of managing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), especially in efforts to achieve business sustainability. Kampong Bharu, as an iconic area in Kuala Lumpur, is home to numerous micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) operating in the culinary, craft, and tourism sectors, but faces challenges in implementing environmentally friendly practices. This research aims to analyze the application of green digital management to MSMEs in Kampong Bharu as a sustainable business strategy. The research method uses a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and participant observation of 15 MSME actors. The research results show that integrating digital technology with environmentally friendly principles, such as paperless digital marketing, energy-efficient use, and sustainable packaging systems, can enhance the competitiveness and positive image transformation of MSMEs. This finding has practical implications for business owners and stakeholders in developing a digital-based green MSME model in historic urban areas. These findings can also serve as a guide for implementing sustainable business strategies in the MSME sector in other major cities.

The Regional Regulation Formation Agency (Bapemperda) is a legislative body under the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) that plays a key role in the creation of regional regulations. This study analyzes the function of the Bapemperda of the West Java Provincial DPRD in 2025 throughout the entire regulation formation process using a qualitative approach. The results show that Bapemperda carries out strategic tasks including the preparation of Propemperda (Regional Regulation Proposals), coordination and harmonization of Draft Regional Regulations (Raperda), monitoring discussions, and evaluating the content of the material. In 2025, Bapemperda established 10 Draft Regional Regulations (Raperda) (3 proposed by the DPRD and 7 proposed by the Governor). Bapemperda functions as a bridge for political communication and quality control of regional regulations. Its effectiveness is influenced by coordination, member professionalism, and consistent application of regulatory principles. Challenges faced include time constraints, complexity of substance, and political dynamics. The study recommends strengthening institutional capacity and optimizing the documentation system to support good governance.

This research aims to analyze bibliometric data using the supporting application Publish or Perish and mapping tools in VOSviewer with data in RIS format. The method used is descriptive quantitative to examine how Project-Based Learning can enhance creativity skills in entrepreneurship. From the search results, 200 journals were found from the years 2015-2024, which were then grouped into three categories based on their publication year. After categorizing the journal data, the most published articles were in 2022, indicating an opportunity for further research on the theme of entrepreneurial creativity. Entrepreneurial creativity can be possessed by students and can be developed through education. Entrepreneurship education is crucial to fostering creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship, and provides information to those who wish to establish small-scale businesses. Entrepreneurship education can turn an individual into an entrepreneur and positively influence entrepreneurial attitudes and innovation. Entrepreneurship education not only imparts practical knowledge on how to start and manage a business but also plays a vital role in developing an entrepreneurial mindset, attitude, and skills such as perseverance, resilience to failure, and the desire to learn and grow. Project-based learning models can be used to enhance entrepreneurial motivation, as students not only understand the ideas but can also explain the importance of the knowledge and skills acquired.