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Substandard housing remains a multidimensional urban problem because it intersects with structural safety, indoor environmental quality, sanitation, clean water, poverty, and the effectiveness of policy implementation. This study evaluates the implementation of the substandard housing improvement program (RTLH) in Lubuk Linggau City by integrating a technical audit of housing quality with an implementation analysis based on the variables of communication, resources, implementer disposition, and bureaucratic structure. A descriptive-evaluative mixed approach was applied through field observation, technical scoring of ten rehabilitated houses, document review, and structured interviews with regulators, field facilitators, and beneficiary households. The results show that the cumulative technical conformity index reached 3.325 out of 4.00, equivalent to 83%, and was classified as adequate housing. Structural resilience achieved the highest score at 88%, followed by space adequacy at 85%, natural lighting and ventilation at 80%, and sanitation and clean water at 75%. Five houses were classified as adequate housing, while five were classified as fairly adequate/light substandard housing. The implementation analysis indicates that clear practical communication and facilitator assistance strengthened structural quality, but limited financial resources, weak environmental-health prioritization, and administratively oriented supervision reduced sanitation and ventilation performance. The study recommends standardized septic systems, stronger post-construction technical verification, healthy-housing education, realistic unit budgets, and quality-oriented monitoring.

Stigma toward people with mental disorders affects not only individuals living with mental illness but also the psychological well-being of family members who serve as their primary caregivers. Families often experience social rejection, discrimination, and negative stereotypes, which increase emotional and psychological burdens while reducing the quality of care they provide. This study aimed to explore the impact of stigma on the psychological well-being of families caring for people with mental disorders in Pamekasan Regency. A qualitative study using a phenomenological approach was conducted involving 11 participants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify participants' lived experiences. The findings revealed one overarching theme, namely the negative impact of stigma, which consisted of three categories: effects on family members, family relationships, and patients. Stigma generated feelings of sadness, anxiety, psychological distress, sleep disturbances, social withdrawal, family conflicts, and changes in family interactions with patients. These experiences negatively influenced caregivers’ emotional well-being and their ability to provide optimal support for family members with mental disorders. The study concludes that stigma has a substantial adverse impact on the psychological well-being of family caregivers and the quality of care provided to people with mental disorders. Therefore, comprehensive interventions focusing on stigma reduction, community education, and strengthening psychosocial support systems are essential to improve family resilience and promote better mental health outcomes.

This study examines human resource competence in improving financial management at the Public Service Agency of Gorontalo State University, a public higher education institution that operates under a flexible financial management model while remaining accountable for public funds. The main problem addressed is how financial management personnel translate regulatory knowledge, technical skills, and professional attitudes into efficient, effective, and accountable financial governance. This study aims to analyze the competence of financial management personnel and explain its contribution to strengthening institutional financial management. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed through interviews, observation, and document analysis involving bureau leaders, financial work team officials, treasurers, and financial managers across relevant work units. The findings show that knowledge competence is reflected in personnel understanding of regulations, policies, financial systems, budgeting procedures, reporting requirements, and the linkage between budget and institutional performance. Skills competence is demonstrated through financial administration, transaction recording, document verification, use of financial information systems, reconciliation, reporting, and preparation of accountability documents. Attitudinal competence appears in professionalism, compliance, integrity, prudence, responsibility, and openness to evaluation and audit. Financial management has been directed toward performance-based planning, expenditure control, budget realization monitoring, reporting, supervision, and audit follow-up. However, challenges remain in regulatory adaptation, system integration, data quality, document timeliness, account-code accuracy, inter-unit coordination, and consistency of audit follow-up. The study concludes that strengthening human resource competence is essential for improving financial management that is efficient, effective, accountable, and performance-oriented in public university financial governance.

In the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0, digital technology is developing rapidly. This has prompted the world of education to make major changes in learning methods, including in Islamic Religious Education (PAI). Until now, PAI has used outdated methods. These methods are inadequate to meet the needs of children who are accustomed to technology. Therefore, there is a need for technology integration in the learning process. This study aims to determine how to use E-Learning, Learning Management Systems (LMS), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in PAI learning. This study also aims to determine the benefits, challenges, and strategies for implementing these technologies. This study used a qualitative approach with a literature review type. Data were obtained from various sources, such as books, scientific articles, journals, and relevant documents. The results show that the use of E-Learning, LMS, and AI can improve the quality of PAI learning. E-Learning makes learning easier and more flexible. LMS helps manage learning more systematically. AI helps make learning more personalized and tailored to students' needs. However, the implementation of these technologies still faces several challenges, such as limited infrastructure and low digital skills of teachers and students. Therefore, a strategy is needed to address these challenges. This strategy includes enhancing digital capabilities, strengthening technological infrastructure, developing innovative learning media, and monitoring the use of technology based on Islamic values. This will ensure optimal integration of technology into Islamic Religious Education learning.

This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Trans Banten Program in supporting the development of public transportation in Serang City. The research uses qualitative methods with a case study approach. Data was collected through observation, interviews, documentation and literature study, then analyzed interactively. The research results show that the Trans Banten Program is quite effective in increasing community accessibility and mobility, especially towards areas of education, government and public services. This service also provides economic benefits through reduced transportation costs and is supported by facilities that are relatively comfortable and safe for users. In addition, the increase in the number of passengers shows the public's acceptance and need for public transportation. However, the effectiveness of the program is not yet optimal because there are still obstacles in the form of fleet limitations, inaccurate operational schedules, passenger density during peak hours, and limited service information. Therefore, it is necessary to improve service quality, add fleets, and strengthen information systems to support the sustainability and optimization of the Trans Banten Program as public transportation in Serang City.

Madrasas as formal Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia have undergone a long evolution from traditional systems to modern institutions that are integrated into the national education system. This study aims to examine the role of Islamic education management in the development of madrasah history using a literature research method with an analytical descriptive approach. The results of the study show that the development of madrassas takes place through several historical phases that are mutually sustainable. In the early 20th century, madrassas emerged in response to the limitations of the traditional pesantren system. In the pre-independence period, the discriminatory policies of the Dutch colonial encouraged the birth of modern madrassas that combined religious and general sciences. Post-independence, the establishment of the Ministry of Religion in 1946 strengthened the position of madrassas in the national education system. During the Old Order period, the number of madrassas increased rapidly even though the management was still community-based. Entering the New Order, the Decree of 3 Ministers of 1975 and Law Number 2 of 1989 encouraged the formal integration of madrasas, although they tended to be centralistic. The Reform Era through Law Number 20 of 2003 provided equal recognition to public schools and encouraged decentralization based on School-Based Management. Although the quantitative and legal development of madrasas is significant, the challenges of quality, funding, and relevance in the era of globalization remain a concern so that madrasas are able to produce graduates who excel intellectually and are solid in Islamic values.

This study examines the strategic role of management psychology in enhancing educational institution quality through optimizing teacher performance. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach via library research—analyzing recent journals, books, and sources from 2021–2026—data were processed using content analysis techniques, encompassing systematic identification, categorization, and interpretation of prior findings to reveal patterns, relationships, and research gaps. Results indicate that psychological factors such as work motivation, mental well-being, supportive leadership, and conducive work climate significantly shape teachers' behaviors and performance, fostering effective and sustainable learning environments. Integrating management psychology principles proves essential for holistic human resource management in education, offering practical implications for school leaders' policies to build high-quality educational systems. In addition, the study emphasizes that consistent professional development and emotional support systems for teachers further strengthen institutional effectiveness and improve instructional outcomes. Therefore, management psychology serves as a fundamental framework in aligning organizational goals with teacher well-being and performance enhancement in educational settings.

This study aims to systematically analyze the literature on the implementation of external evaluation systems and accreditation management in improving the quality of Islamic education. It also seeks to provide a more comprehensive understanding of best practices that can be applied by Islamic educational institutions in responding to increasingly complex quality demands. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) approach, this study identifies themes, strategies, and challenges found in previous studies. Articles were identified from Google Scholar, Garuda, and ScienceDirect databases within the 2012–2024 period. The selection process involved a step-by-step screening of titles and abstracts, resulting in 15 main articles for further in-depth review. The findings indicate that external evaluation functions as a strategic instrument to enhance accountability, transparency, and quality control in educational institutions. Key themes identified include the importance of a Total Quality Management (TQM) culture, the strategic role of Management Information Systems (MIS) in data governance, and the gap between administrative compliance and substantive quality improvement. This study concludes that effective accreditation management requires a shift from a bureaucratic approach toward a culture of continuous improvement integrated with Islamic values and oriented toward overall educational quality enhancement.

The increasing number of corruption cases involving School Operational Assistance (BOS) funds has become a serious challenge for the education sector in Indonesia. These cases not only undermine public trust in educational institutions but also hinder the achievement of equitable and quality education. This study aims to analyze the role of professional leadership in preventing and addressing the misuse of BOS funds within educational institutions. The research employs a qualitative approach through literature review and analysis of relevant regulations, scholarly publications, and documented corruption cases in the education sector. The findings indicate that professional leadership characterized by integrity, accountability, transparency, and strong ethical commitment plays a significant role in minimizing opportunities for corruption. Effective leaders are able to establish robust internal control systems, promote a culture of honesty, and ensure participatory financial management involving various stakeholders. Furthermore, continuous supervision and adherence to governance principles strengthen institutional resilience against financial misconduct. The study implies that strengthening leadership capacity and ethical values among educational leaders is essential for improving financial governance and fostering public confidence in educational management. Professional leadership is therefore a crucial factor in supporting clean, transparent, and sustainable education administration.

Taxpayer compliance is a crucial factor in optimizing state revenue to support national development financing independently. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of taxpayer compliance in Indonesia by examining two main aspects: individual awareness and the effectiveness of the tax system. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature review of various national journals from the last five years. The findings indicate that taxpayer compliance is influenced not only by internal factors such as knowledge, awareness, and tax morale but also by external factors such as tax service quality, system digitalization, and regulatory complexity. Tax reforms and the implementation of digital systems such as e-filing and e-billing have been proven to significantly increase taxpayer compliance through ease of access and reporting efficiency. However, real challenges remain, such as low community tax literacy and perceptions of unfairness regarding the management of tax funds by the government. Therefore, a strong synergy is needed between increasing public awareness through continuous education and improving the taxation system to create sustainable and optimal compliance. Improving transparency and accountability in the management of tax funds is a strategic step to strengthen public trust in tax authorities in Indonesia.

This study is motivated by the importance of the effectiveness of the Indonesia Smart Card for Higher Education Program (KIP-K) in expanding access to higher education for students from low-income families at Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of the KIP-K Program based on the aspects of goal attainment, integration, and adaptation. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. The data were analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. In terms of goal attainment, the program helps students continue their education, although several challenges remain, including limited quotas, inaccurate targeting, and suboptimal on-time graduation. In terms of integration, coordination among program administrators, faculties, departments, students, and banking partners has functioned quite well, although academic services for recipients have not been entirely equal. In terms of adaptation, the program has shown the ability to adjust to policy changes and students’ needs through periodic evaluation and adjustments to the disbursement mechanism. The implication is that stronger targeting accuracy, academic assistance, service quality, and evaluation systems are needed to ensure more optimal and sustainable program implementation.

This study aims to examine how an online bajaj-based pick-up and drop-off service developed by a kindergarten is implemented. The bajaj application is considered an innovation in a community-based educational transportation system. The limitations of conventional pick-up and drop-off systems in providing optimal efficiency, transparency, and safety form the basis of this research. This study employed a qualitative approach using a case study method, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that the use of the online bajaj application improves service quality through features such as booking services, real-time location tracking,and notifications to parents, which enhance time efficiency, transparency, and a sense of security. Compared to commercial transportation services, the community-based service model allows for more controlled operational management. However, challenges such as low digital literacy among users, limited network infrastructure, and potential data security risks were also identified. Critically, this innovation contributes significantly to the development of the smart mobility concept in the education sector, although it still requires improvement in terms of system sustainability and user data protection.

This study aims to investigate curriculum development strategies in five countries—Finland, Indonesia, the United States, Japan, and Singapore—through a qualitative library research approach. Curriculum reform has become a global priority in response to rapid technological advancement, globalization, and changing educational demands. This study reviews 50 scholarly sources, consisting of 10 references for each country, including journal articles, policy documents, and official government reports. The analysis focuses on key aspects of curriculum development, namely governance structure, curriculum orientation, teacher autonomy, assessment practices, and technology integration. The findings indicate that while all five countries emphasize competency-based learning and the integration of technology to improve learning quality, they differ significantly in curriculum governance, flexibility, and implementation strategies. Finland and the United States demonstrate higher levels of decentralization and teacher autonomy, whereas Indonesia, Japan, and Singapore apply more centralized curriculum systems. Common challenges identified include ensuring educational equity, enhancing teacher readiness, and adapting curricula to rapid societal and technological changes. This study contributes to a comparative understanding of international curriculum strategies and provides insights for improving curriculum design through evidence-based and technology-supported approaches.

This study examines coordination between the Ministry of Religious Affairs and the Ministry of Education Culture Research and Technology in managing the Madrasah Education Management Information System EMIS. The main issue is data asynchrony that affects the accuracy of national education planning including budget allocation and the distribution of educational social assistance. This study uses Interorganizational Coordination Theory by B Guy Peters and Collaborative Governance by Ansell and Gash. A qualitative approach was used to analyze the data integration process and bureaucratic obstacles in inter institutional relations. The findings show that coordination between the two ministries influences the accuracy of national education planning. However the coordination is still dominated by a formal administrative approach and has not yet achieved substantive collaboration. The main obstacles include sectoral ego low interoperability of information systems and weak data sharing mechanisms. These conditions lead to data redundancy and information gaps that reduce the quality of policy making. Strengthening coordination through facilitative leadership digital integration across ministries and system automation based on interoperability is needed to improve the accuracy of national education planning.

This study aims to analyze the effect of information technology (IT)-based learning media on improving students' academic performance. With the advancement of digital technology, the use of IT-based media such as interactive presentations, educational videos, Learning Management Systems (LMS), and online quiz applications has become part of modern teaching strategies. This study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method. The subjects of the study were secondary school students divided into experimental and control groups. The instruments used include learning achievement tests to measure academic performance and observation sheets to assess the implementation of IT media usage. Data were analyzed using t-tests and simple regression analysis. The results show a significant difference in academic performance between students who used IT-based learning media and those who used conventional methods. The experimental group showed a higher average score compared to the control group. These findings indicate that the use of IT-based learning media, when planned and implemented systematically, can improve students' motivation, engagement, and understanding of learning materials. Therefore, the integration of information technology into the learning process is recommended as an innovative strategy to enhance the quality of education.

This article examines administrative capacity at the local government level as a critical determinant of the effective implementation of grants for Early Childhood Education (ECE), a policy domain widely recognized as a strategic public investment with long-term social and economic returns. Despite the growing reliance on subnational grants to finance ECE services across diverse governance systems, implementation outcomes remain uneven, frequently constrained by limited administrative capacity, weak public financial management, fragmented governance arrangements, and fragile accountability mechanisms. Responding to these challenges, this study aims to synthesize and critically assess the international literature to clarify how administrative capacity shapes the design–implementation nexus of local government ECE grants and to identify the institutional, managerial, and fiscal conditions under which such grants are more likely to achieve their intended objectives. Methodologically, the article adopts a conceptual–comparative literature review approach, drawing on a systematic search of peer-reviewed journal articles from major academic databases and applying thematic synthesis to integrate findings across governance contexts and policy traditions. The review is anchored in Administrative Capacity Theory and analytically enriched through insights from policy implementation theory, public financial management, good governance, and public accountability. The synthesized findings demonstrate that administrative capacity operates as a multidimensional and relational construct, encompassing institutional coherence, managerial coordination, human resource competence, procedural stability, and analytical capability. The literature consistently shows that weaknesses across these dimensions undermine grant implementation through delays, inefficiencies, limited oversight, and uneven service quality, while strong capacity enables more predictable, accountable, and effective ECE grant governance.

This research evaluates the effectiveness of human capital development policies in Indonesia within the education and health sectors during the periods of 2015–2019 and 2020–2024. The analysis focuses on strategic programs implemented by the Ministry of Education and Culture and the Ministry of Health by comparing planned targets with the realization of performance indicators as stated in the Strategic Plan (Renstra) documents. The study employs a qualitative evaluative approach supported by descriptive quantitative data derived from official planning and performance reports. The findings indicate that during the 2015–2019 period, programs emphasizing the expansion of basic education and health services were relatively effective in increasing participation rates and improving equitable access. In contrast, programs aimed at enhancing the quality of human resources, particularly teacher development and institutional capacity building, showed lower levels of effectiveness due to weak performance measurement systems and inconsistent data reporting. During the 2020–2024 period, the effectiveness of most education and health programs declined significantly as a result of external shocks caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, health programs with strong financial protection mechanisms, such as the National Health Insurance (JKN), demonstrated greater resilience compared to other programs. The study concludes that the effectiveness of human capital development policies is strongly influenced by the clarity of performance indicators, consistency in program implementation, institutional capacity, and the ability of policies to adapt to external disruptions.

This study examines the learning methods and evaluation of philosophy at STAI Al Mashturiyah within the context of Islamic higher education. The background of this research is the need to strengthen critical, reflective, and ethical thinking among students through philosophy learning that is relevant to Islamic values. The study aims to analyze how philosophy learning methods are implemented and how evaluation practices are applied in the classroom. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through direct interviews with philosophy course lecturers and supported by academic documents. The findings indicate that philosophy learning at STAI Al Mashturiyah applies a combination of lectures, discussions, and question-and- answer methods, while evaluation is conducted through written assessments and process-based evaluations such as participation and presentations. These approaches contribute to the development of students’ analytical and argumentative skills. The study highlights the importance of integrating interactive learning methods and comprehensive evaluation systems to enhance the quality of philosophy education in Islamic higher education. The results have implications for improving pedagogical practices and strengthening the theoretical and practical foundations of philosophy learning in Islamic institutions.

This study aims to evaluate the quality of Trans Semanggi Suroboyo public transportation services with the support of the GoBis application system as a form of digital-based public service innovation in the city of Surabaya. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with the SERVQUAL (tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy) theoretical approach. The data used includes secondary data from the Surabaya Transportation Office, with the number of GoBis users reaching 327,018 people, GoBis balance users 42,833 people, and saving ticket users 2,095 people. The results of the study show that the tangible and reliability dimensions are relatively good, shown through modern fleet conditions and fairly consistent departure schedules. However, in the dimensions of responsiveness, assurance, and empathy, there are still obstacles related to the speed of response of digital systems, transaction security, and limitations of users' digital literacy. The utilization of GoBis' digital transaction feature is still low compared to the total number of application users. This study concludes that the success of Trans Semanggi Suroboyo is highly dependent on the integration between the quality of physical services and the effectiveness of the digital system. It is necessary to strengthen technological infrastructure, improve data security, and digital education for the public so that the quality of smart transportation in the city of Surabaya can run optimally and sustainably according to the principles of smart mobility.

The increasing use of Learning Management Systems (LMS) in higher education generates large amounts of student activity data that have the potential to provide deeper insights into learning processes. However, in practice, these data are still rarely analyzed systematically to understand variations in students’ learning activity patterns, limiting their practical use in supporting teaching and learning. This study aims to explore students’ learning activity patterns in an LMS using a clustering approach based on activity data.This research utilizes the publicly available Open University Learning Analytics Dataset (OULAD), focusing on a single course and a single academic term. LMS activity data were processed through data cleaning and feature extraction, followed by student clustering using the K-Means algorithm. The quality of the clustering results was evaluated using the Silhouette Score, and visual analysis was applied to support the interpretation of the results.The results indicate that students’ learning activities can be grouped into two main patterns, namely a group of students with high learning activity and a group with lower or moderate activity levels. These findings highlight the existence of heterogeneous learning behaviors among students, even within the same learning context.The identified learning activity patterns provide an initial foundation for utilizing LMS data to monitor student engagement and to support the development of more responsive, data-driven learning approaches in higher education.