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This study aims to analyze the effect of the implementation of the Intelligent Tutoring Sistem (ITS) based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) on improving the understanding of mathematical concepts, especially in fractional and basic geometry materials, in Class V students of SD Negeri 2 Badran, Temanggung Regency. The research method used was a quasiexperimental experiment with a Non-equivalent Control Group Design. The research sample consisted of 48 students who were divided into two groups, namely the experimental group (n=24) who received learning with the help of AI-based ITS, and the control group (n=24) who received conventional learning with lecture methods and practice questions. The research instrument is in the form of a test of understanding of mathematical concepts that has been validated by experts and tested for reliability. Data were analyzed using parametric statistical tests of the Independent Sample t-test and N-Gain Score to measure the improvement. The results showed that there was a significant difference in understanding of mathematical concepts between the experimental group and the control group. The average post-test score of the experimental group (82.45) was significantly higher than that of the control group (70.12) with a p< value of 0.05. N-Gain analysis showed that the improvement in conceptual understanding in the experimental group was in the "moderate" category (g=0.56), while the control group was in the "low" category (g=0.32). These findings indicate that AI-based ITS is effective in improving students' understanding of mathematical concepts. The advantages of the system lie in its ability to provide instant feedback, personalize materials according to learning pace, and present interactive materials, thus helping to better construct students' conceptual understanding. It is recommended that schools consider the integration of ITS technology as a supplementary tool in mathematics learning at the elementary level.

This study examines the implementation of the Coretax system in preparing electronic withholding tax slips (e-Bupot) and submitting Monthly Income Tax Article 21 (PPh 21) Returns at PT RSA. Coretax, launched by the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) and officially implemented on January 1, 2025, is part of the government’s effort to modernize tax administration and improve taxpayer compliance. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. Data were obtained through interviews with personnel responsible for PPh 21 administration, direct observation of e-Bupot preparation and monthly tax return filing through Coretax, and documentation review of tax reports and withholding slips. The analysis compares PT RSA’s practices with applicable tax regulations and identifies technical challenges during system use. The results show that PT RSA has complied with prevailing regulations, including the application of the Average Effective Rate (TER) and the utilization of Coretax for tax administration. However, technical constraints remain, particularly unstable internet connections and slow Coretax server performance during peak reporting periods, leading to data entry delays and upload failures. Therefore, improvements in system stability and performance are needed to support timely reporting and optimal tax compliance.

This study aims to analyze the internal and external conditions of Karel Workshop in Wairhubing, Sikka Regency, using a SWOT approach (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) as a basis for formulating business development strategies. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method with data collected through in-depth interviews with the owner, employees, and customers, as well as secondary data from documents and official statistics. The findings indicate that Karel Workshop possesses several strengths, including meticulous service quality, strong interpersonal relationships with customers, and mechanic skills acquired through self-learning. However, the workshop also faces weaknesses such as limited equipment, the absence of a structured management system, and a lack of digital promotion. Opportunities that can be utilized include high public interest in motorcycle modification, potential motorcycle painting services, a strategic location, and possible partnerships with spare-part suppliers. Meanwhile, the main threats include rising spare-part prices, competition among workshops, and occupational safety risks. Overall, the study recommends strengthening digital promotion, improving business management, enhancing workshop facilities, and implementing safety standards to support the sustainable development of Karel Workshop. 

This study aims to analyze the internal and external conditions of Karel Workshop in Wairhubing, Sikka Regency, using a SWOT approach (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) as a basis for formulating business development strategies. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method with data collected through in-depth interviews with the owner, employees, and customers, as well as secondary data from documents and official statistics. The findings indicate that Karel Workshop possesses several strengths, including meticulous service quality, strong interpersonal relationships with customers, and mechanic skills acquired through self-learning. However, the workshop also faces weaknesses such as limited equipment, the absence of a structured management system, and a lack of digital promotion. Opportunities that can be utilized include high public interest in motorcycle modification, potential motorcycle painting services, a strategic location, and possible partnerships with spare-part suppliers. Meanwhile, the main threats include rising spare-part prices, competition among workshops, and occupational safety risks. Overall, the study recommends strengthening digital promotion, improving business management, enhancing workshop facilities, and implementing safety standards to support the sustainable development of Karel Workshop. 

Problem solving in permutation and combination requires the ability to understand context, choose strategies, and perform calculation procedures accurately. Based on the analysis of students' answers, it was found that difficulties arose consistently at each stage of problem solving according to Polya, namely the problem understanding stage, the planning stage, the plan implementation stage, and the rechecking stage. In general, students' weaknesses are not only related to their understanding of permutation and combination concepts, but also to their inability to apply problem-solving steps systematically. The results of the study indicate the need for a learning approach that not only focuses on mastering formulas, but also strengthens problem literacy, the ability to identify relevant information, and the selection of solution strategies appropriate to the characteristics of the problem. In addition, the habit of reflection through reviewing the process and results of the solution needs to be developed consistently so that students are able to recognize mistakes and improve their accuracy in solving permutation and combination word problems in a more accurate, logical, and structured manner.

Communication is a fundamental human need for conveying information and ideas. However, individuals who are deaf and mute face difficulties in communicating with the broader community that does not understand sign language. This study aims to design and implement a real-time static sign language translator into speech using five flex sensors, an MPU6050 sensor, a Raspberry Pi Pico, an ADS1115 ADC module, and a DFPlayer Mini module as the audio output medium. Testing results show that the device successfully recognizes finger movements and hand orientation. The system is capable of playing audio output corresponding to recognized gestures, with the shortest latency recorded at 1.1 seconds and the longest at 2.8 seconds, achieving a detection accuracy rate of 75% based on 60 tests across 12 sign words. This device supports the translation of 12 simple sign words. The implementation demonstrates potential as an assistive communication tool, although further development is needed to improve accuracy, expand vocabulary, and conduct trials directly with deaf or mute users.

This study aims to describe and analyze the activities taking place in the Rumah Adat Tinggi of Rengat as a reflection of the social and cultural identity of the Indragiri Hulu community. The research is motivated by the functional shift of traditional houses amid modernization, which threatens the continuity of local wisdom. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected through field observations, interviews with cultural figures and caretakers, and documentation of cultural events held in the traditional house. The findings indicate that the Rumah Adat Tinggi serves not only as a historical heritage but also as a social and cultural center for the community. Activities within it embody values such as mutual cooperation, deliberation, respect for ancestors, and cultural education for the younger generation. From the perspective of functionalism, the traditional house operates as a social system that maintains societal balance through social, cultural, and integrative functions. This research emphasizes the importance of revitalizing the Rumah Adat Tinggi to ensure its continued role as a living space for cultural transmission amid globalization.

This community service activity aims to improve the knowledge and skills of Aisyiyah Kindergarten teachers in developing their potential and professional competence related to the implementation of inclusive education. Inclusive education requires teachers to have a sufficient understanding of the characteristics of children with special needs (ABK) and the ability to manage diverse students in the classroom. This activity was implemented in the form of systematically designed and applicable workshops and seminars. The training materials covered four main components: recognizing the characteristics of children with special needs, the concepts and principles of inclusive education, curriculum accommodations and assessments in inclusive classrooms, and techniques for identifying and evaluating learning for children with special needs. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in teachers' understanding and skills in managing inclusive classrooms, particularly in developing Individual Learning Plans (ILPs) tailored to the needs of the children. Teachers also became more confident in implementing adaptive and responsive learning strategies to the diversity of students. However, the sustainability of the program still faces several challenges, including limited supporting resources and minimal parental involvement and support. Therefore, ongoing synergy between schools, parents, and other stakeholders is needed to support the optimal implementation of inclusive education.

Business legality is an urgent need for MSMEs, particularly in the food sector, which faces strict regulations and high risks to food safety. However, many MSMEs still lack a Business Identification Number (NIB) or Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection due to low digital literacy and a lack of understanding of licensing procedures. This situation emphasizes the urgency of mentoring so that MSMEs can operate legally and be legally protected. This Community Service Program (PKM) aims to assist the Golden Kriuq MSME in obtaining an NIB and increase business owners' understanding of the importance of IPR, branding, and digital marketing. The implementation method uses a qualitative approach through observation, interviews, education, documentation, and direct mentoring. Activities carried out include NIB registration through the OSS Indonesia application, logo, banner, and menu design, business Instagram account creation, location determination on Google Maps, and education on the stages of brand registration through the DJKI system. The results show that Golden Kriuq successfully obtained an NIB, has a more consistent visual identity, and has a more professional digital presence. The program's impact is evident in increased awareness of legality, digital administration readiness, and businesses' ability to compete more professionally and sustainably.

This article examines the effectiveness of fermented kombucha drinks in enhancing the immunity of menopausal women through an evidence-based nutrition approach. Additionally, the study highlights how community-based kombucha production and consumption programs can be part of non-military health diplomacy, supporting community resilience, especially for vulnerable groups like menopausal women who experience immune function decline due to hormonal changes. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, the study analyzes 30 relevant articles published between 2018–2025 from reputable sources such as Scopus, PubMed, and others. The findings show that (1) kombucha improves immunity through cytokine modulation and increased antioxidant activity, (2) kombucha normalizes gut microbiota, contributing to the immune health of menopausal women, (3) fermentation variations and microbial composition affect kombucha's effectiveness, and (4) community-based kombucha production programs have potential in enhancing health literacy and local economic empowerment. This study provides a basis for local governments, health centers, and communities to integrate kombucha as a preventive health intervention, while also strengthening community resilience through nutrition education and functional food entrepreneurship. The article also offers a new conceptual model, “Kombucha Intervention – Immunity – Health Diplomacy,” that connects biological evidence, community health, and non-military resilience integratively.

This study investigates the long-term impact of adaptive digital learning ecosystems on students' self-regulated learning (SRL) behaviors and academic persistence. Adaptive learning systems personalize the learning experience by adjusting content and feedback to meet individual students' needs, preferences, and performance. These systems enhance engagement, motivation, and learning outcomes through real-time adjustments and continuous feedback. The research aims to explore how adaptive learning systems influence SRL and academic persistence in university courses over time. Using a longitudinal quantitative design, the study tracks SRL behaviors and academic persistence at multiple points during the semester. Results show significant improvements in SRL behaviors such as goal setting, planning, self-monitoring, and reflection among students engaged with adaptive learning environments. These students exhibited greater autonomy, improved metacognitive awareness, and higher motivation. Additionally, students in adaptive systems demonstrated greater academic persistence, as indicated by more time spent on tasks, higher assignment completion rates, and sustained engagement. The findings suggest that adaptive learning platforms promote SRL and academic persistence by offering personalized, responsive learning experiences. Unlike static, non-adaptive environments, adaptive systems provide dynamic support, enhancing students' ability to regulate their learning and remain engaged despite challenges. The study concludes that adaptive learning systems are vital for long-term academic success, though further research is needed to assess the sustainability of these effects in various educational settings and among diverse student populations.

The UNAMA Library employs information systems to enhance its academic services. Nevertheless, its administrative framework continues to encounter obstacles, such as inadequate service system support for users, constrained resources allocated for the management and upkeep of the system, an absence of standardized protocols for addressing technical challenges, and insufficient assessment system efficacy. If these issues remain unaddressed, the operational effectiveness of the library information system will be compromised, thereby thwarting the objective of delivering dependable information services. This investigation seeks to illuminate the maturity level of information system governance as delineated by COBIT 2019 within the Decision Support Systems (DSS) domain, specifically focusing on the DSS01 (Manage Operations) and DSS02 (Manage Service Requests and Incidents) processes. The findings suggest that the degree of information system governance capability the UNAMA Library is situated at the Established Process level (level 3), signifying that the process has undergone implementation; however, it has yet to be comprehensively documented and consistently evaluated. Moreover, a disparity persists between the existing state and the anticipated capability level of the organization, particularly concerning IT operations management, the standardization incident handling, and the documentation of operational procedures. An elucidation of the expected level is articulated, especially in terms of operational standards, incident documentation, and IT infrastructure oversight. Recommendations encompass the formulation of standard operating procedures (SOPs), the enhancement of documentation practices, and periodic assessments grounded in COBIT 2019. These findings are anticipated to assist libraries in augmenting the efficacy of information systems governance and the quality of IT services.

This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the implementation of green finance and its relationship with the financial performance and profitability of banking institutions in Indonesia. Although sustainable finance policies have been continuously strengthened by regulators and stakeholders, the contribution of green financing to overall banking performance is still developing gradually, making it important to conduct a more focused and systematic analysis of its effectiveness. This research specifically aims to describe the application of green financing practices, assess financial performance conditions, and analyze bank profitability during the 2020–2024 period. The study employs a descriptive quantitative approach using secondary data on green financing distribution, financial performance indicators such as the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non-Performing Loans (NPL), and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), as well as profitability measured through Return on Assets (ROA). The findings indicate that the implementation of green finance has the potential to enhance long-term financial stability and improve profitability in the banking sector. This study implies that expanding green financing can serve as a relevant and sustainable business strategy for the banking industry while simultaneously supporting national sustainability and environmental development objectives.

This study aims to examine the effect of green innovation on company value, with financial performance as a mediating variable, in the mining industry. This study uses a systematic literature review approach by examining various relevant previous studies. The results of the study indicate that green innovation plays a significant role in improving environmental performance and operational efficiency of companies, which in turn positively impacts financial performance. Good financial performance is a key factor in strengthening company value and stakeholder trust. These findings confirm that the implementation of green innovation not only supports environmental sustainability but also provides long-term economic benefits for mining companies. This study also found that companies that successfully implement green innovation tend to have a better image in the eyes of investors and the public, which contributes to increasing the company's market value. These findings confirm that the implementation of green innovation not only supports environmental sustainability but also provides long-term economic benefits for mining companies, strengthening their position in an industry that increasingly prioritizes sustainability and social responsibility.

This study aims to analyze the strategic role of the Information and Documentation Management Officer (PPID) of the General Elections Commission (KPU) of Palangka Raya City in supporting the strengthening of democracy and public participation at the local level. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design through documentary studies on regulations, internal policies of KPU, PPID service reports, and public information request data, enriched with observations of the information service mechanisms both offline and online. The results show that, normatively and structurally, the PPID of Palangka Raya City KPU has carried out its functions in accordance with the provisions of Law No. 14 of 2008 and KPU Regulation No. 22 of 2023. The information service procedures, response time limits, and the use of the E-PPID system reflect the institutional commitment to the principle of transparency. However, the level of utilization of public information services is still relatively low and dominated by the academic community, particularly students. Additionally, there have been no recorded requests for information from disabled groups, despite the provision of disability-friendly facilities. These findings indicate a gap between administrative information openness and substantive public participation. This study concludes that strengthening the role of PPID in the future should be directed toward public communication strategies, political education, and inclusive approaches so that information openness does not stop at regulatory compliance but can make a tangible contribution to the consolidation of a participatory and just local democracy.

Background: In the domain of corporate governance, the separation of ownership and control generates significant agency conflicts, primarily manifesting as Earnings Management (EM). Traditional reactive auditing methods fail to detect manipulation concealed within unstructured data, leading to high agency costs and diminished stakeholder trust. Objective: This study proposes an "AI Proactive Monitoring Model" utilizing Generative Artificial Intelligence to fundamentally enhance the monitoring mechanisms of Agency Theory. Methods: The research employs a qualitative conceptual framework analysis. It synthesizes Agency Theory with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Systemic Risk Theory to construct a novel strategic governance model. Results: The proposed model shifts governance from periodic sampling to real-time, continuous analysis of total data populations. By cross-referencing structured financial data with unstructured communications (e.g., emails, contracts), the system generates "Risk Narratives" that contextualize anomalies and flag opportunistic behavior immediately. Conclusion: The integration of AI significantly reduces information asymmetry and moral hazard by creating a "panopticon" effect. However, successful implementation requires distinct regulatory frameworks to manage the systemic risks associated with algorithmic reliance.

The Presbyterian-Synodal system of church government is based on the ideal theological foundation of Christocracy, the confession that Christ is the sole Head of the Church who rules directly through His Word and Spirit. Theoretically, this model rejects hierarchy, affirms the parity of all ecclesiastical officers (ministers, elders, deacons) as servants, and views the local church council as a complete church (ecclesia completa). However, in historical and contemporary practice, a fundamental tension exists whereby this system consistently deviates into hierarchical and clerical practices. This deviation manifests as a hierarchy of office (clericalism) and a hierarchy of assemblies (Synod-centrism), where authority shifts from Christ to official figures and Synodal structures that are viewed as the "highest court." This article aims to analyze the fundamental causes of this authority shift. Using a qualitative library research method, the author conducts a systematic-theological, historical-critical, and comparative analysis of the works of Reformers (especially Calvin), historical church order documents, and contemporary case studies (such as in Malawi and GMIM). This study concludes that this authority shift stems from two primary factors: First, a "theological deficiency" in many church order documents, which fail to affirm Christ's rule "through His Word and Spirit," stating instead only His rule "through the ministry of officials," thus effectively equating official authority with Christ's authority. Second, the historical legacy of Scottish "national covenant" ecclesiology, which was historically intentionally designed with a centralized authority structure for "godly officials" to "rule over" a mixed populace. The author recommends that churches in this tradition revise their church orders to explicitly re-assert the supremacy of Christ's rule through His Word and Spirit over any human official or synodical authority.

This study focuses on the analysis of traffic density in Jember City, particularly at the Wirolegi Intersection, which is known to have a high density level. This condition often triggers congestion that hinders public mobility, so that appropriate and data-based handling efforts are needed. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the level of density at critical congestion points through a statistical approach using the One Way ANOVA method. The research method used is quantitative descriptive with a descriptive observational approach. Primary data was collected directly through a field survey in 2025 at the Wirolegi Intersection as one of 3 intersections in Jember City. The data obtained were then processed using normality tests, homogeneity tests, and One Way ANOVA with the help of SPSS software. The results of the analysis show that the traffic flow density on the three routes studied, namely Jalan Gunung Haryono, Jalan Brigjen Katamso, Jalan Yos Sudarso, does not show a significant difference. The significance value of the ANOVA test is greater than 0.05 which indicates the similarity of density levels between routes. Further testing (post hoc testing) also strengthens this finding. The conclusion of this study shows that handling congestion at the Wirolegi Intersection needs to be done comprehensively through traffic control and evaluation of the transportation system to improve smoothness and mobility in Jember City.

The attendance recording system at PLN ULP Tanjungbalai still relies on manual, paper-based methods, resulting in delays in data recap, reduced efficiency, and a high potential for recording errors. This condition affects the accuracy of employee attendance information, which is essential for administrative activities and managerial decision-making. Based on these issues, this practical work aims to design and develop a web-based e-attendance application as a solution to enhance efficiency, processing speed, and the accuracy of attendance recapitulation. The system was developed using PHP as the programming language and MySQL as the database management system, following several stages including requirement analysis, system design using UML, and implementation of a web-based user interface. The application provides essential features such as user login, daily attendance recording, employee data management, attendance notes (permission, sickness, etc.), and automatic attendance report generation. The system is designed for two types of users—Admin and Employees—each with specific access rights. The implementation results indicate that the e-attendance application significantly improves the efficiency of attendance administration at PLN ULP Tanjungbalai. Data collection and recapitulation become faster, more structured, and less prone to errors, while also enabling administrators to monitor employee attendance in real time. Therefore, this web-based e-attendance application serves as an effective solution to support operational activities and enhance the quality of employee attendance management.

Brake discs are one of the motorcycle spare parts that function to connect and reduce speed when the motorbike is moving, although very simple, this spare part is part of the braking system and has a very important role, without braking it will endanger the driver and other road users. To determine the hardness of the motorcycle brake disc on two original brake discs and variation brake discs on the Yamaha Vision sport motorbike by conducting Rockwell hardness tests on the original and variation brake discs with 10 test variable points. The results obtained for the average value at the level of hardness on the original disc sample are 55.1 HRC and the average value on the variation disc sample is 44.6 HRC, and the conversion hardness value from the Rockwell test. For Brinell testing and tensile testing from the results of Rockwell hardness testing, the average Brinell and tensile test values ​​were converted from the test site with the average Brinell conversion results for the original disc being 575 HBS, while the average variation disc value was 417.1 HBS, the conversion tensile test value with the results on the original disc was 1626 N/mm² and the variation disc was 1427 N/mm² with 10 variable point Rockwell testing and the conversion value of the Brinell hardness test and the original disc tensile test value was still greater than the variation disc tensile test value.