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Cognitive concentration constitutes a pivotal determinant within the educational process; when an individual exhibits impaired attentional capacity, the instructional input received is unlikely to be effectively encoded into neural pathways or long-term memory, thereby rendering the expenditure of effort, time, and resources essentially futile. This investigation sought to elucidate the associative dynamics among breakfast consumption patterns, levels of physical activity, and sleep quality in relation to academic concentration among students in Grades X and XI within the North Bogor District. Employing a cross-sectional methodological framework, the study encompassed 101 participants whose selection adhered to an observational analytic approach. Empirical data pertaining to breakfast behavior, physical activity, sleep quality, and concentration performance were acquired through standardized self-administered questionnaires. Analytical procedures were conducted using the chi-square statistical test. The inferential findings demonstrated a statistically significant association between breakfast habits (p = 0.002) and sleep quality (p = 0.008) with learning concentration, whereas physical activity exhibited no significant correlation (p = 0.831). Accordingly, the study substantiates that breakfast regularity and sleep quality are meaningfully interrelated with students’ concentration levels, while physical activity does not manifest a measurable relationship with concentration outcomes

Vocabulary acquisition is fundamental to language proficiency, yet retention remains a persistent cognitive challenge for students. Conventional rote-learning strategies often fail to facilitate long-term recall. This study examines the effectiveness of the keyword technique in improving students’ vocabulary mastery. Employing a quantitative quasi-experimental design, the research involved 48 students selected through cluster random sampling. The samples were separated into two groups: an experimental group of 26 students (taught by using the keyword technique) and a control group of 22 students (taught by using conventional strategy). Data were collected using a validated multiple-choice vocabulary test administered before and after the treatment. This result validates a notable difference in outcomes where the experimental group demonstrated better performance; consequently, the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis (H0). These findings confirm that the Keyword Technique significantly enhances vocabulary mastery by leveraging acoustic and imagery associations. Consequently, this strategy is recommended to foster more effective vocabulary retention.

This study aims to analyze in depth the role of drumband extracurricular activities in developing motor and cognitive abilities of early childhood at Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 50 Kindergarten, Surabaya. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection methods through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and the distribution of questionnaires involving teachers, parents, and students as research subjects. The results show that drumband activities provide a positive contribution to the development of gross and fine motor skills of children, especially through rhythmic movement exercises, hand-eye coordination, and body control when playing musical instruments. In addition to motor aspects, drumband activities also play a role in improving children's cognitive abilities, such as concentration, memory, the ability to follow instructions, and understanding musical patterns and rhythms. Children's active participation in drumband activities also helps shape discipline, the ability to work together in groups, and increases children's self-confidence. Thus, drumband extracurricular activities can be used as an effective and enjoyable learning medium to support the motor and cognitive development of early childhood holistically and sustainably.  

The use of Islamic music, especially nasyid, as a creative learning strategy in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays an important role in increasing students' motivation, understanding, and appreciation of religious values. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method to describe in depth how nasyid can be used as an innovative and effective learning medium to enrich the IRE teaching process. The findings show that the application of nasyid in the teaching and learning process can create a more interesting, interactive, and enjoyable learning atmosphere. This condition has been proven to encourage active student participation, making learning activities more meaningful and memorable. In addition, nasyid effectively helps students improve their memory and ability to memorize religious material in an easier and more enjoyable way. The positive impact is not only seen in cognitive aspects but also in the overall formation of students' religious character. Through nasyid, moral and spiritual values can be instilled more deeply, naturally, and continuously in everyday life. However, this study also found several obstacles, such as limited supporting facilities and the need to develop teachers' competencies in optimally applying nasyid as a learning medium. Therefore, the use of nasyid in PAI learning can be seen as a strategic innovation that has the potential to improve the quality of religious education holistically and have a positive impact on the development of students in a dynamic and challenging modern era.  

This researcher aims to improve student learning activity in history subjects of class X SMK Arnoldus Betun through the application of the memory board game method. The formulation of the problem raised in this study is how to apply the memory board game method to improve student learning activity in history subjects and what is the impact of applying the memory board game method to improve student learning activity in history subjects. This researcher uses a classroom action research (CAR) method consisting of three cycles. Each cycle includes the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The data collection instruments used are observation sheets and student learning interest questionnaires. The results of the study showed a significant increase in student learning interest after the application of the memory board game method. In the second cycle, the average student learning activity was at 60%, and increased gradually to reach 86% in the third cycle. The discussion of these results shows that the memory board game method is not only able to increase student learning activity, but also facilitates collaboration, active participation, and student creativity in the history learning process. Thus, it can be concluded that the memory board game method is effective in increasing the active learning of history among 10th-grade students at Arnoldus Betun Vocational School.

This study aims to describe the use of the Crossword Puzzle Game Application (TTS) as a learning medium to increase students' involvement and understanding in the learning process. The rapid development of technology demands educational innovation, and gamification, especially in the form of mobile TTS game applications, offers attractive and accessible solutions. Using qualitative research methods with a phenomenological approach, data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis from selected groups of students and teachers who had used the application. The results of the study show that this application effectively increases the motivation, activeness, and vocabulary memory of students. In addition, TTS games provide challenges that spark curiosity and encourage collaboration between learners while solving puzzles. The app also provides a fun, interactive, and adaptive learning environment to individual learning needs, moving away from traditional methods that tend to be monotonous. This study concludes that the TTS Game Application is a very effective, interesting, and relevant educational tool for modern learners and has the potential to be applied to a wide range of subjects.

The researcher used a qualitative descriptive research type at Robbaniyyin Middle School. The data sources were all 24 students in grade IX of Robbaniyyin Plus Middle School, Islamic Religious Education teachers and the Principal. Data collection instruments were observation, interviews and documentation studies. The results of this study indicate that there is student learning activity in the Islamic Religious Education learning process in grade IX of Robbaniyyin Middle School, namely students are active in writing, reading, speaking, listening, moving, discussing and asking and answering questions. Meanwhile, the factors that influence students in increasing their learning activity are from within the students, namely: healthy physique, having strong attention, perception and memory. From outside the students, namely: a place far from the sound of vehicles, facilities namely personal stationery, a clean room and a clean classroom whiteboard, then the teacher's varied learning methods such as the lecture method with the material of faith in Allah SWT, the practice method with the material of reading and writing the Quran and the method of presentation with the material of congregational prayer.

The development of information technology that is booming in Indonesia makes a lot of people interested in using gadgets, especially among school-age children. The existence of positive and negative impacts caused by the use of gadgets becomes a warning to always be vigilant in using gadgets. The study was motivated by a desire to find out whether gadget exposure in elementary school students has a relationship with diet, whether gadget exposure in elementary school students has a relationship with memory, and whether gadget exposure in elementary school students has a relationship with their physical activity. By using a quantitative correlation approach that seeks to ascertain the degree of relationship between variables. Random sample selection with the number of samples used as many as 62 fifth graders from SDN Kludan were selected to participate in this study. The data were collected using smartphone addiction index-short version (SAS-SV), semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), Digit span test, and Physical activity questionnaire for older children (PAQ-C).  The results of the study explain that there is a significant relationship between exposure to gadgets with diet evidenced by the significant value of 0.000<0.05, and there is no significant relationship between exposure to gadgets with memory and physical activity with significant values of 0.124>0.05 and 0.157>0.05.

This community service activity was carried out with the aim of improving the memory of students at the Baiturrahman Islamic Boarding School (TPQ) through the implementation of group guidance based on an interactive question and answer method. The background of this program is based on the problem of low retention of religious material that has been learned by students, so the learning approach is needed that does not only emphasize memorization, but also activates the process of critical and in-depth thinking. In its implementation, the activity is designed to involve students directly in group discussions guided by a facilitator. The questions posed are structured in such a way as to stimulate repetition of information, encourage logical reasoning, and help students connect the learning material with real experiences in everyday life. Through this process, students are not only asked to answer questions but are also trained to develop broader answers, thereby strengthening understanding and improving communication skills. This program also prioritizes a fun, collaborative, and participatory learning atmosphere so that students feel more motivated to actively participate. Evaluation results show a significant increase in students' ability to remember, understand, and re-present learning material more quickly, accurately, and coherently. Furthermore, this activity also has a positive impact on increasing students' self-confidence in the learning process and strengthening collaborative skills among group members. Thus, group guidance using the question-and-answer method can be considered an effective learning strategy for strengthening students' memory and increasing their learning motivation.

Anxiety is a common phenomenon that is a universal cause of poor academic performance among students worldwide. Anxiety can also have an impact on student learning. Bold learning carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic caused anxiety or pressure for some students which could result in confusion, decrease the ability to direct attention, decrease memory, and interfere with students' concentration. The purpose of this study was to describe the level of anxiety in the pre-clinical group of FK Unpatti, age, gender, place of residence, consuming alcoholic beverages. This research is a descriptive study using a cross-sectional approach which was conducted in September 2021. The number of respondents collected was 535 respondents based on total sampling. The analysis used is univariate analysis. The data obtained using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HRS-A) questionnaire. The results of this study were obtained mostly in unhurried conditions based on the batch of 2020 (32.8%), class of 2019 (22.5%), class of 2018 (26.2%) and class of 2017 (18.5%). Based on age, namely at 17 years (1.2%), at 18 years (37.9%), at 19-20 years (28.3%), at 21 years (25.1%) and at 22 years ( 7.5%). Based on gender male (26.9%) and female (73.1%). Based on the place of residence with parents (50.8%) and not with parents (49.2%). Based on consuming alcoholic beverages (2.8%) and not consuming alcoholic beverages (97.2%). Research shows that there are variations in the level of anxiety in pre-clinical students of FK Unpatti who take courageous learning.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the media-assisted differentiation method in improving the ability to memorize Arabic vocabulary in grade III students of MI Salamah. The background of this study is based on the phenomenon of low student ability in memorizing vocabulary due to teaching techniques that tend to be monotonous and repetitive, thus less motivating students to learn actively. This study uses the Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach referring to the John Elliot model, which is implemented in two cycles, each including the planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The subjects of the study were 26 grade III students. Data were collected through oral examinations, interviews, and observations of teaching and learning activities. The results of the study showed a significant increase in students' ability to memorize vocabulary after the application of the media-assisted differentiation method. In Cycle I, the average percentage of student and teacher activity achievement was 72%, with only 61.54% of students being able to reach the memory test passing standard. After the strategy improvement in Cycle II, the average student and teacher activity increased to 90%, while the percentage of students reaching the memory test passing standard jumped to 92.30%. This improvement demonstrates that the differentiation method, which utilizes learning media, provides more varied, engaging stimuli, and is tailored to each student's learning characteristics. The conclusion of this study is that the media-assisted differentiation method is effective in improving elementary school students' memorization of Arabic vocabulary. The implication of this finding is the importance of teachers implementing creative, adaptive, and media-based learning approaches to optimize Arabic language learning outcomes, particularly vocabulary mastery.

This research aims to improve the learning outcomes of Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) by applying a discovery learning model assisted by image media in grade V of SD Nurul Khoir, Jambi City. The method used is Class Action Research (PTK) which is carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, implementation of actions, observation, and reflection. The research subjects amounted to 26 students. Data collection techniques are carried out through learning outcome tests, observation of teacher and student activities, and documentation. The results of the study showed a significant increase in the completeness of student learning outcomes. In cycle I, completeness reached 73.92%, and increased to 85.30% in cycle II. This improvement shows that the application of the discovery learning model combined with image media is effective in improving IPAS learning outcomes. This model encourages active involvement of students in the learning process, fosters curiosity, and hones critical and logical thinking skills. Image media as a visual aid has also been proven to be able to strengthen concept understanding and improve students' memory of the material studied. In addition, the learning process becomes more fun and meaningful because students are directly involved in the activity of discovering concepts through the stages of observing, questioning, gathering information, reasoning, and concluding. Teachers are no longer the center of information, but play the role of learning facilitators. This strategy is also relevant to the cognitive development characteristics of elementary school students who tend to favor concrete and visual learning. Thus, the application of the discovery learning model assisted by image media can be an alternative to an effective and innovative learning strategy in improving social studies learning outcomes. Teachers are advised to continue to develop adaptive, creative, and contextual learning methods and media.

This research aims to improve the learning outcomes of Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) by applying a discovery learning model assisted by image media in grade V of SD Nurul Khoir, Jambi City. The method used is Class Action Research (PTK) which is carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, implementation of actions, observation, and reflection. The research subjects amounted to 26 students. Data collection techniques are carried out through learning outcome tests, observation of teacher and student activities, and documentation. The results of the study showed a significant increase in the completeness of student learning outcomes. In cycle I, completeness reached 73.92%, and increased to 85.30% in cycle II. This improvement shows that the application of the discovery learning model combined with image media is effective in improving IPAS learning outcomes. This model encourages active involvement of students in the learning process, fosters curiosity, and hones critical and logical thinking skills. Image media as a visual aid has also been proven to be able to strengthen concept understanding and improve students' memory of the material studied. In addition, the learning process becomes more fun and meaningful because students are directly involved in the activity of discovering concepts through the stages of observing, questioning, gathering information, reasoning, and concluding. Teachers are no longer the center of information, but play the role of learning facilitators. This strategy is also relevant to the cognitive development characteristics of elementary school students who tend to favor concrete and visual learning. Thus, the application of the discovery learning model assisted by image media can be an alternative to an effective and innovative learning strategy in improving social studies learning outcomes. Teachers are advised to continue to develop adaptive, creative, and contextual learning methods and media.

Working memory capacity is a crucial aspect of cognitive function that plays a significant role in supporting students' learning processes. Working memory functions as a temporary storage system that allows individuals to store and manipulate information quickly. In an educational context, optimal working memory capacity can improve students' ability to understand, process, and remember information presented during the teaching and learning process. Several factors known to influence working memory capacity include breakfast habits, nutritional status, body fat percentage, and hemoglobin (Hb) levels. These factors are closely related to students' daily nutritional intake and healthy lifestyle. This Community Service (PkM) activity, with the topic "Healthy Food and Lifestyle to Increase Working Memory Capacity," aimed to increase students' understanding and awareness of the importance of a healthy diet and an active lifestyle in supporting cognitive function, particularly working memory. This activity was held in July 2024 at MTs (Madrasah Tsanawiyah) Al Fatah, Natar District, Lampung Regency. The implementation method was interactive nutrition education, covering the importance of a nutritious breakfast, consuming a balanced diet, physical activity, and general health care. Based on the results of evaluations conducted before and after the activity, there was an increase in the average knowledge scores of female students, as well as a significant difference in their understanding of the concepts of healthy eating and a lifestyle that supports working memory function. These findings indicate that nutrition education interventions have significant potential to improve the quality of learning by enhancing students' cognitive aspects. This activity is expected to become a model that can be implemented sustainably in other school settings.

. This study examines how the Quantum Learning model is used in the Raudhatul Athfal (RA) An-Nidhomiyah class. RA An-Nidhomiyah is an early childhood education center dedicated to raising a generation of Muslims who are highly moral, intellectual, and independent. An innovative method that makes learning fun and efficient is the form of quantum learning. This model combines interactive principles that encourage different learning styles, actively engage students, and consider the developmental needs of children. For example, singing while memorizing, visiting tours, and telling stories while acting out. The findings of the study indicate that the use of Quantum Learning in RA An-Nidhomiyah improves children's memory and motivation to learn while helping them understand moral and spiritual principles in a supportive atmosphere. This study emphasizes the value of innovation.   Keywords: Innovation Values, Early Childhood Education and Quantum Learning.

This classroom action research aims to improve students' memory in learning the "Degree of Comparison" material by implementing the Numbered Head Together cooperative model. The study was conducted at SMAN 2 Pamekasan with 34 students of class XI-C1 as subjects. The research was carried out in two cycles consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through observation, test, and documentation. The indicators measured included two cognitive aspects, namely: (1) ability to recall comparative and superlative structures, task completion accuracy, cooperation in group work, and adherence to instructions. The results showed a significant increase in students' memory levels. At the pre-cycle stage, only 11.8% of students were in the high category, in cycle I increased to 44.1%, and in cycle II reached 73.5%. This proves that the NHT model is effective in improving students' memory and understanding of English grammar topics and is expected to develop collaborative learning.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the demonstration method in improving the understanding of the concept of force in grade 1 elementary school students. The approach used is a literature study by reviewing various current scientific sources from 2021 to 2025. The results of the study show that the demonstration method is able to transform abstract concepts into concrete experiences that are easy for students to understand. Through demonstrations, students can see firsthand the application of force in everyday life, making it easier to understand. This method also increases students' active involvement, trains observation skills, and supports visual and kinesthetic learning styles. In its implementation, the success of the demonstration method is largely determined by the readiness of the teacher, the use of simple language, a variety of teaching aids, and repetition of activities to strengthen memory. Common obstacles faced include limited tools, time, and teacher skills in designing effective demonstrations. Therefore, school support and collaboration between teachers are key to optimizing the implementation of this method. In conclusion, the demonstration method is an effective learning strategy to improve the understanding of the concept of force, because it is in accordance with the cognitive development stage of early elementary school students who are in the concrete operational phase.   Keywords: demonstration method, concept of force, elementary school students, science learning, concrete activities  

This Community Service (PKM) aims to increase the effectiveness of English language learning in second grade students of Mbomba Catholic Elementary School through the utilization of picture board media. The background of this activity is the low interest and participation of students in learning English due to the limitations of interesting learning media. The implementation method uses a participatory and educational approach that involves students actively in activities such as picture matching games, guessing pictures, storytelling, and singing. The results of the activity show that the use of picture boards is able to attract students' attention, increase engagement, and strengthen memory of English vocabulary. Despite the short implementation time, students still showed good understanding. Picture board media proved to be effective, simple, economical, and suitable to be implemented in schools with limited facilities. This activity illustrates that an attractive and interactive visual approach can be a solution in improving the quality of English language learning at the primary school level.

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of flashcard media in music learning, especially in helping students understand music theory and increase motivation to play music through a fun and interactive approach. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this study identified, evaluated, and synthesized eight selected scientific articles published between 2015-2025. The selection process was based on PRISMA guidelines and Zawacki-Richter's SLR model, including the formulation of research questions, screening of articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and assessment of study quality. The results showed that the use of flashcards - both in manual and digital form - consistently contributed positively to the improvement of rhythmic ability, understanding of notation concepts, and affective engagement of learners from various levels. Flashcards proved effective in simplifying complex musical material into concrete visual representations, strengthening long-term memory through retrieval practice and spaced repetition techniques. Furthermore, the integration of flashcards in project-based pedagogical approaches (PjBL), character learning, as well as digital technologies such as apps and AR, shows great potential in enriching music learning experiences that are inclusive, collaborative and meaningful. Therefore, this study recommends the continued development of interactive technology-based flashcard media as a future music learning innovation.

Da'wah plays a crucial role in shaping religious understanding and practice among Muslims. Ustadz Abdul Somad is known as one of the da'wah preachers with a unique da'wah approach, combining strong rhetoric, fresh humor, and argumentation based on evidence. This study aims to examine how students at the Ibnu Syam 2 Cilegon Islamic Boarding School respond to and accept the da'wah style delivered by Ustadz Abdul Somad. Using a descriptive qualitative method. The research findings reveal that students generally accept and appreciate Ustadz Abdul Somad's da'wah style for several main reasons: (1) Clear and communicative delivery, so that the material is easier to understand and attracts attention; (2) The use of humor and inspirational stories, which help improve memory of the da'wah message; and (3) The depth of the evidence used, which enriches the students' Islamic insight. In addition, this study shows that students feel more motivated to deepen their understanding of religion and apply Islamic teachings in their daily lives after attending his lecture. This study contributes to understanding the effectiveness of da'wah strategies in Islamic boarding schools and offers insight for preachers regarding more interesting and effective communication approaches. The results of the study also confirm that an interactive, contextual da'wah style that contains intellectual and emotional aspects can increase students' understanding and interest in Islamic teachings.